【摘要】 背景 類風濕關節(jié)炎間質性肺疾病(RA-ILD)是類風濕關節(jié)炎(RA)常見的并發(fā)癥之一,嚴重損害了RA患者的生活質量及生存期。臟痹方在臨床多用于RA經久不愈者,但其作用機制及對RA-ILD的療效仍不清楚。目的 探討臟痹方在RA和RA-ILD中的治療可能性和潛在機制。方法 研究時間為2022年1月—2023年3月。將14只腫瘤壞死因子α轉基因(TNF-Tg)小鼠隨機分為生理鹽水組(Saline組)、臟痹方組(ZBF組),每組各7只。同時隨機挑選7只同窩野生型小鼠作為對照組(WT組)。ZBF組給予臟痹方灌胃(1.4 g/mL,1次/d,0.2 mL/次),WT組和Saline組小鼠給予等量0.9%氯化鈉溶液灌胃,連續(xù)8周。干預完成后小鼠踝關節(jié)組織分別采用蘇木素-伊紅(HE)染色檢測炎性細胞面積,阿爾新藍-橙黃染色檢測軟骨面積、骨面積占比,抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)染色測量破骨細胞面積。小鼠肺組織分別采用HE染色檢測炎性細胞面積占比,Masson染色檢測肺纖維化情況,免疫熒光染色檢測肺組織T淋巴細胞和B淋巴細胞面積占比。結果 Saline組小鼠的踝關節(jié)內炎性細胞浸潤明顯增多,滑膜增生,關節(jié)組織被破壞。ZBF組踝關節(jié)的炎癥減輕。Saline組小鼠炎性細胞面積占比高于ZBF組、WT組,ZBF組炎性細胞面積占比高于WT組(Plt;0.05)。Saline組小鼠踝關節(jié)距骨矢狀面被嚴重破壞,骨侵蝕嚴重,ZBF組小鼠踝關節(jié)骨與軟骨侵蝕明顯改善,距骨矢狀面輪廓逐漸清晰,骨量明顯增加。Saline組軟骨面積、骨面積占比低于ZBF組、WT組,ZBF組軟骨面積、骨面積占比低于WT組(Plt;0.05)。Saline組小鼠踝關節(jié)中出現(xiàn)大片紅色破骨細胞浸潤,ZBF組小鼠破骨細胞浸潤情況明顯改善。ZBF組破骨細胞面積明顯低于Saline組(Plt;0.05)。Saline組小鼠肺間質、血管和支氣管周圍彌漫有輕度至中度的炎性細胞浸潤,中、小動脈壁增厚,肺泡間隔縮小,肺組織破壞明顯;ZBF組小鼠肺間質和氣管血管周圍的炎性細胞減少,肺組織漸清晰,結構得到改善。Saline組炎性細胞面積占比高于ZBF組、WT組,ZBF組高于WT組。Saline組小鼠肺組織中血管和氣管周圍藍色膠原纖維面積明顯增多,肺泡或支氣管壁增厚,ZBF組肺臟血管和支氣管周圍藍色膠原纖維面積減少,肺臟結構改善明顯。Saline組肺組織纖維化積分高于ZBF組、WT組,ZBF組肺組織纖維化積分高于WT組。Saline組小鼠肺組織T淋巴細胞、B淋巴細胞明顯增多,大多圍繞在肺臟血管和支氣管周圍,形成缺乏生發(fā)中心的卵泡樣結構。ZBF組小鼠肺臟中的卵泡樣結構減少。Saline組B淋巴細胞、T淋巴細胞面積占比高于ZBF組、WT組,ZBF組B淋巴細胞、T淋巴細胞面積占比高于WT組。結論 臟痹方不僅減輕了RA-ILD小鼠的踝關節(jié)損傷,而且對其肺臟炎癥和纖維化也有改善作用,減少了肺組織中的B淋巴細胞和T淋巴細胞數(shù)目。
【關鍵詞】 關節(jié)炎,類風濕;肺疾病,間質性;臟痹方;腫瘤壞死因子α轉基因小鼠;治療結果
【中圖分類號】 R 593 R 563 【文獻標識碼】 A DOI:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0257
Efficacy of Zang Bi Formula in Treating Arthritis and Its Pulmonary Complications in Rheumatoid Arthritis Interstitial Lung Disease Mice
YANG Can1,2,3,LI Ning1,2,3,LI Xuefei1,2,3,ZHAO Li1,2,3,XU Hao1,2,3,SHI Qi1,2,3,WANG Yongjun1,2,3,LIANG Qianqian1,2,3*
1.Longhua Hospital,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai 200032,China
2.Spine Institute,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai 200032,China
3.Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones,Ministry of Education,Shanghai 200032,China
*Corresponding author:LIANG Qianqian,Researcher/Doctoral supervisor;E-mail:liangqianqiantcm@126.com
【Abstract】 Background Rheumatoid arthritis interstitial lung disease(RA-ILD)is one of the most common complications of rheumatoid arthritis(RA)that severely impairs the quality of life and survival. Zang Bi Formula(ZBF)is mostly used in clinical practice for patients with recurrent occurrence of RA. However,its mechanism of action and efficacy in RA-ILD still remain unclear. Objective To investigate the therapeutic possibilities and potential mechanisms of the ZBF on RA and RA-ILD. Objective To investigate the therapeutic possibilities and potential mechanisms of the ZBF on RA and RA-ILD. Methods From January 2022 to March 2023,a total of 14 tumor necrosis factor alpha-transgenic(TNF-Tg) mice were randomly divided into Saline group and ZBF group,with 7 mice in each group. At the same time,7 wild-type(WT)mice in the same litter were randomly selected as the control group(WT group). Intragastric administration of ZBF 1.4 g/mL with 0.2 mL per time was given to mice of ZBF group once a day,and those in the WT group and Saline group were given an equal amount of normal saline via intragastric administration. After the intervention for 8 weeks,hematoxylinamp;eosin(Hamp;E)staining of mouse ankle tissues was performed to observe the inflammatory cell area. Alcian blue-orange and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP)staining was performed to observe the cartilage area and bone area ratio,as well as the osteoclast area,respectively. The area proportion of inflammatory cells,fibrosis and T-cell/B-cell proportion in mouse lung tissues were observed by Hamp;E staining,Masson staining and immunofluorescence staining,respectively. Results Mice in the Saline group had significantly increased inflammatory cell infiltration,synovial hyperplasia,and ankle tissue destruction. Inflammation of the ankle joint was alleviated in the ZBF group. The proportion of inflammatory cells in the Saline group was significantly higher than that of the ZBF group and WT group,which was significantly higher in the ZBF group than that of the WT group(Plt;0.05). Mice in the Saline group had significant damages to the sagittal plane of the talus of the ankle joint and bone erosion. Bone damages of the ankle joint and erosion were significantly alleviated in ZBF group,showing a gradually cleared boundary of the sagittal plane of the talus and increased bone mass. The proportions of cartilage area and bone area in the Saline group were significantly lower than those of ZBF group and WT group,which were significantly lower in the ZBF group than those of WT group(Plt;0.05). Mice in the Saline group presented massive infiltration of red-stained osteoclasts in the ankle joint,which was significantly alleviated in mice of ZBF group. The area of osteoclasts in the ZBF group was significantly smaller than that of the Saline group(Plt;0.05). Mice in the Saline group had mild-to-moderate inflammatory cell infiltration diffusely around the pulmonary interstitium,blood vessels and bronchi,thickening of the walls of the middle and small arteries,reduced alveolar intervals and obvious damages to lung tissues. Inflammatory cells infiltrated in the pulmonary interstitium surrounding tissues of the trachea and blood vessels were reduced and the boundary of the lungs were cleared in mice of ZBF group,presenting an improved lung structure. The proportion of inflammatory cells area in the Saline group was significantly higher than that of the ZBF group and WT group,which was significantly higher in the ZBF group than that of the WT group(Plt;0.05). Mice in the Saline group had significantly enlarged areas of blue collagen fibers around blood vessels and trachea and thickening of the alveolar or bronchial walls. Mice in the ZBF group had reduced areas of blue collagen fibers around blood vessels and trachea and improved lung structure. Pulmonary fibrosis scores of the lung were significantly higher in the Saline group than those of ZBF group and WT group,which were significantly higher in the ZBF group than those of WT group(Plt;0.05). T lymphocytes cells and B lymphocytes cells increased significantly in mouse lung tissue of the Saline group,and most of them surrounded the pulmonary blood vessels and bronchi,forming a follicle-like structure lacking a germinal center. The follicle-like structures were less observed in mouse lungs of the ZBF group. The area proportions of B lymphocytes cells and T lymphocytes cells in the Saline group were significantly higher than those of the ZBF group and WT group,which were significantly higher in the ZBF group than those of WT group(Plt;0.05). Conclusion ZBF not only reduced ankle injury in TNF-Tg mice,but also improved their lungs inflammation and fibrosis,reducing the numbers of B lymphocytes cells and CD3+ T lymphocytes cells in lung tissue.
【Key words】 Arthritis,rheumatoid;Lung Diseases,interstitial;Zang Bi Formula;TNF-Tg mice;Treatment outcome
類風濕關節(jié)炎(RA)是一種常見的以炎性關節(jié)炎和系統(tǒng)性并發(fā)癥為特征的自身免疫性疾?。?]。間質性肺疾?。↖LD)是RA患者嚴重的關節(jié)外表現(xiàn)之一,被認為是RA患者僅次于心血管疾病的第二大死亡原因[2]。據(jù)報道,60%~80%的RA患者在一定程度上可發(fā)生肺受累[3-4],2%~10%的RA患者會發(fā)生臨床顯著的ILD[5]。一項隊列研究報道,RA患者并發(fā)ILD導致過早死亡的風險約增加了3倍[6]。ILD不僅嚴重影響RA患者的生活質量,同時顯著降低患者的生存率[7],已成為各國日益關注并急需解決的公共衛(wèi)生問題。
臨床上對類風濕關節(jié)炎間質性肺疾病(RA-ILD)仍然沒有明確的治療指南,以經驗治療為主。臨床常用的藥物主要是糖皮質激素和免疫抑制劑[8]。然而以上藥物并不能達到長期的治療效果,反而會增加感染風險[9]。此外,常使用的RA治療藥物如抗風濕類藥物和非甾體抗炎藥等,雖然可以有效緩解關節(jié)炎癥,但對RA-ILD并不能起到很好的治療作用,甚至會促進RA-ILD進展[10-11]。因此開發(fā)可以同時改善RA患者關節(jié)炎癥和肺部病變的藥物,對于更有效地減輕患者臨床癥狀,提升生活質量甚至延長壽命具有重要意義。
在中醫(yī)學者,《素問·痹論》曰:“皮痹不已,復感于邪,內舍于肺,是為肺痹。……凡痹之客五臟者,肺痹者,煩滿喘而嘔。……淫氣喘息,痹聚在肺,……其入臟者死”。盡管在中醫(yī)理論中沒有RA-ILD的病名,但根據(jù)其臨床表現(xiàn)可歸屬于中醫(yī)學中的肺痹范疇。國醫(yī)大師施杞教授傳承石氏傷科“以氣為主,以血為先”的治傷理念為RA內臟并發(fā)癥患者研究制成臟痹方,該方由生黃芪、當歸、柴胡、秦艽、仙鶴草、仙靈脾、延胡索和川牛膝組成,具有益氣活血、祛風除濕、通痹止痛的功效。臨床上常用該方治療正氣虧虛,瘀血挾風濕,經絡痹阻,肩痛、臂痛、腰腿痛或周身疼痛,經久不愈者,但其作用機制以及對內臟并發(fā)癥的療效仍不清楚。目前尚無臟痹方治療RA及其內臟并發(fā)癥的實驗室研究,本研究團隊采用腫瘤壞死因子α(TNF-α)轉基因(TNF-Tg)小鼠作為RA和RA-ILD的模型,探討臟痹方對RA和RA-ILD的作用及作用機制。
1 材料與方法
1.1 研究時間
2022年1月—2023年3月。
1.2 實驗動物
實驗所用C57BL/6背景的3647系雌性TNF-Tg小鼠,最初由KEFFER等[12]獲得,后由美國羅切斯特大學邢聯(lián)平教授贈送。該系TNF-Tg小鼠攜帶一份人類TNF基因拷貝,過表達人類TNF-α,并通過與C57BL/6小鼠回交維持為雜合子,非轉基因同窩產仔被用作野生型對照。本研究使用14只2.5月齡雌性TNF-Tg小鼠和7只同窩野生型小鼠。實驗動物均在賽業(yè)(蘇州)生物科技有限公司繁殖,動物許可證號為SCXK(蘇)2018-0003。動物飼養(yǎng)環(huán)境為SPF級,飼料飲水正常提供,控溫恒濕,光照/黑暗(12 h/12 h)循環(huán)照明。本實驗經賽業(yè)(蘇州)生物科技有限公司動物倫理委員會批準(ACU22-0056)。操作均按照中國國家科學技術委員會動物法規(guī)批準的《醫(yī)學實驗動物管理實施細則》[13]進行。
1.3 實驗儀器
組織全自動脫水機、組織包埋機、石蠟切片機、冰凍切片機(德國Leica公司,型號:ASP300 S,EG1150、RM2125 RTS、CM3050 S);組織全片掃描儀(Olympus,型號:VS120);電子天平(賽多利斯公司,型號:Cubis?)。
1.4 主要試劑
多聚甲醛、無水乙醇[生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司,貨號:A500684、A500737];二甲苯、鹽酸、氨水、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、無水冰醋酸鈉、亞硝酸鈉(中國醫(yī)藥集團有限公司,貨號:20140506、20140228、20140607、10009617、10018818、10020018),蘇木素、伊紅、阿爾新藍、1%電泳級橙黃G溶液、Phloxin B、硫酸鋁銨、碘酸鈉、L-酒石酸、萘酚AS-BI磷酸鹽(sigma,貨號:H-3136、E4009-5G、A5268、1936-15-8、18472-87-2、A-2140、S-4007、251380、1919-91-1),CD3、山羊抗兔IgG Hamp;L(Alexa Fluor? 594)(Abcam,貨號:ab33429、ab150080),B220 Alexa Fluor?488(eBioscience,貨號:4292077),Masson試劑盒(索萊寶,貨號:G1340),牛血清白蛋白(Roche,貨號:10735078001),抗熒光淬滅封片液(含4',6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚)(碧云天,貨號:P0131)。
1.5 臟痹方煎劑的制備
生黃芪18 g、當歸12 g、柴胡9 g、秦艽9 g、延胡索6 g、川牛膝12 g、仙鶴草12 g、仙靈脾12 g,所有中藥從上海中醫(yī)藥大學附屬龍華醫(yī)院采購。將小鼠(20 g)與人(70 kg)的中藥劑量按照換算系數(shù)9.01進行換算[14],得到小鼠的臟痹方給藥劑量為13.65 g/kg。
取上述5劑,加入12倍水(5 400 mL)先浸泡30 min,煎煮30 min后將藥物溶液過濾,所剩藥渣加8倍體積的水(3 600 mL)再煮30 min,過濾得到濾液。將兩次所得的濾液混合,在通風櫥內加熱濃縮至321 mL,得到臟痹方煎劑(1.4 g/mL),分裝儲存于-80 ℃冰箱備用。
1.6 分組與給藥
將14只TNF-Tg小鼠按體質量隨機分為2組:生理鹽水組(Saline組)、臟痹方組(ZBF組),每組各7只。同時隨機挑選7只同窩WT小鼠作為對照組(WT組)。適應性喂養(yǎng)1周后開始灌胃。ZBF組給予臟痹方(1.4 g/mL),灌胃1次/d,0.2 mL/次,WT組和Saline組小鼠給予等量0.9%氯化鈉溶液灌胃,連續(xù)8周。灌胃結束后處死所有小鼠。
1.7 標本處理與指標檢測
1.7.1 標本處理:小鼠處死后取踝關節(jié)(保留完整關節(jié)囊)和肺臟,室溫下多聚甲醛中固定24 h,踝關節(jié)標本10% EDTA脫鈣4周,每72 h更換脫鈣液1次,組織脫水,石蠟包埋。小鼠左肺脫水,進行石蠟包埋,右肺蔗糖梯度脫水,進行冰凍包埋。石蠟包埋后的關節(jié)和肺臟經4 μm矢狀位連續(xù)切片,冰凍包埋后的肺臟經7 μm矢狀位連續(xù)切片。
1.7.2 蘇木素-伊紅(HE)染色:關節(jié)和肺臟組織的石蠟切片脫蠟至水,依次進行蘇木素染色5 min,鹽酸乙醇分化10 s,氨水返15 s,伊紅染色10 min,乙醇脫水,二甲苯透明,封片。使用組織全片掃描儀采片觀察到細胞質和細胞外基質染為紅色,細胞核染為藍色,并使用Image J軟件通過細胞核形態(tài)來計算炎性細胞面積。
1.7.3 阿爾新藍-橙黃染色:關節(jié)組織的石蠟切片脫蠟至水,依次進行鹽酸乙醇分化30 s,艾爾新藍染色
40 min,2%鹽酸乙醇分化5 s,0.5%氨水返藍,橙黃染色1 min,乙醇脫水,二甲苯透明,封片。使用組織全片掃描儀進行采片,并使用Image-pro plus 5.1軟件測量骨與軟骨面積。
1.7.4 抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)染色:基礎液(含0.92%無水乙酸鈉、1.14%酒石酸、0.28%冰乙酸)37 ℃
烤箱預熱2 h,關節(jié)石蠟切片脫蠟,切片置于孵育液(50 mL基礎液加0.5 mL萘酚AS-BI磷酸鹽)37 ℃孵育1 h,于另一缸孵育液(基礎液加4%亞硝酸鈉水溶液、品紅)37 ℃孵育1 h,蘇木素復染2 min,鹽酸乙醇分化10 s,氨水返藍15 s,脫水透明,封片。使用組織全片掃描儀采片,并使用Image-pro plus 5.1軟件測量破骨細胞面積。
1.7.5 Masson染色:肺組織的石蠟切片脫蠟至水,按照試劑盒說明書步驟進行操作并使用組織全片掃描儀采片,根據(jù)Ashcroft肺纖維化評分[15]進行數(shù)據(jù)分析。
1.7.6 免疫熒光染色:冰凍肺組織切片復溫,5% BSA封閉液室溫封閉1 h,一抗(CD3和B220均以1∶1 000比例稀釋)混合液4 ℃過夜。磷酸緩沖鹽溶液(PBS)浸洗3次,5 min/次。山羊抗兔IgG Hamp;L(1∶400比例稀釋)混合液避光室溫孵育2 h。PBS浸洗3次,5 min/次。熒光封片劑封片。使用組織全片掃描儀(熒光模式)采片觀察B淋巴細胞和T淋巴細胞分布情況,并進行統(tǒng)計分析。
1.8 統(tǒng)計學方法
使用SPSS 25.0統(tǒng)計學軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)分析,符合正態(tài)分布的計量資料以(x-±s)表示,若方差齊,多組間比較采用單因素方差分析,兩組間采用LSD-t檢驗,若方差不齊采用非參數(shù)檢驗。以Plt;0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2 結果
2.1 3組小鼠踝關節(jié)病理染色結果
HE染色結果示,WT組小鼠踝關節(jié)正常完整,無滑膜炎癥;Saline組小鼠的踝關節(jié)內炎性細胞浸潤明顯增多,滑膜增生,關節(jié)組織被破壞。ZBF組踝關節(jié)的炎癥減輕。3組小鼠踝關節(jié)炎性細胞面積占比比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(Plt;0.05),其中Saline組高于ZBF組、WT組,ZBF組高于WT組(Plt;0.05),見表1、圖1。
阿爾新藍-橙黃染色結果示,Saline組小鼠踝關節(jié)距骨矢狀面被嚴重破壞,骨侵蝕嚴重,ZBF組小鼠踝關節(jié)骨與軟骨侵蝕明顯改善,距骨矢狀面輪廓逐漸清晰,骨量明顯增加。3組小鼠踝關節(jié)軟骨面積、骨面積占比比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(Plt;0.05),其中Saline組軟骨面積、骨面積占比低于ZBF組、WT組,ZBF組軟骨面積、骨面積占比低于WT組(Plt;0.05),見表1、圖2。
TRAP染色結果示,Saline組小鼠踝關節(jié)中出現(xiàn)大片紅色破骨細胞浸潤,ZBF組小鼠破骨細胞浸潤情況明顯改善。ZBF組破骨細胞面積明顯低于Saline組(Plt;0.05),見表1、圖3。
2.2 3組小鼠肺組織病理染色結果
HE染色結果示,WT組小鼠肺臟結構清晰,肺組織無病理性損傷;Saline組小鼠肺間質、血管和支氣管周圍彌漫有輕度至中度的炎性細胞浸潤,中、小動脈壁增厚,肺泡間隔縮小,肺組織破壞明顯;ZBF組小鼠肺間質和氣管血管周圍的炎性細胞減少,肺組織漸清晰,結構得到改善。3組小鼠肺組織炎性細胞面積占比比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(Plt;0.05),其中Saline組高于ZBF組、WT組,ZBF組高于WT組(Plt;0.05),見表2、圖4。
Masson染色結果示,Saline組小鼠肺組織中血管和氣管周圍藍色膠原纖維面積明顯增多,肺泡或支氣管壁增厚,ZBF組肺臟血管和支氣管周圍藍色膠原纖維面積減少,肺臟結構改善明顯。3組小鼠肺組織纖維化評分比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(Plt;0.05),其中Saline組高于ZBF組、WT組,ZBF組高于WT組,見表2、圖5。
免疫熒光染色結果示,WT組小鼠肺組織中可見有少量CD3+T淋巴細胞、B220+B淋巴細胞分布。Saline組小鼠肺組織T淋巴細胞、B淋巴細胞明顯增多,大多圍繞在肺臟血管和支氣管周圍,形成缺乏生發(fā)中心的卵泡樣結構。ZBF組小鼠肺臟中的卵泡樣結構減少。3組小鼠B淋巴細胞面積占比、T淋巴細胞面積占比比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(Plt;0.05),其中Saline組B淋巴細胞面積占比、T淋巴細胞面積占比高于ZBF組、WT組,ZBF組B淋巴細胞面積占比、T淋巴細胞面積占比高于WT組,見表2、圖6~7。
3 討論
本研究探討了臟痹方對TNF-Tg小鼠踝關節(jié)炎癥和肺臟并發(fā)癥的治療效果和潛在機制,實驗結果表明,臟痹方減輕了TNF-Tg小鼠踝關節(jié)炎癥,緩解了軟骨損傷與骨侵蝕,減少了踝關節(jié)中破骨細胞數(shù)目。此外,臟痹方也減輕了TNF-Tg小鼠的肺組織炎癥,縮小了肺泡間隔,減少了TNF-Tg小鼠肺臟血管和支氣管周圍增多的膠原纖維面積,改善了肺組織纖維化程度。表明臟痹方可能會成為臨床中治療RA及其肺臟并發(fā)癥的潛在藥物。
本研究采用雌性3647系TNF-Tg小鼠作為RA-ILD的模型,與免疫刺激物如佐劑[16]、Ⅱ型膠原蛋白[17]等誘導的具有疾病自限性的RA‐ILD動物模型不同,TNF-Tg小鼠模擬了關節(jié)與肺臟的進展性慢性炎癥及肺纖維化狀態(tài),其在2月齡左右開始出現(xiàn)腫脹的腳踝關節(jié),并在3月齡時在無任何刺激的情況下發(fā)展為炎癥性侵蝕性關節(jié)炎[18-19];除了關節(jié)癥狀外,TNF-Tg小鼠還并發(fā)有肺臟的間質細胞浸潤、肺泡間隔增厚、血管周圍和細支氣管周圍炎癥浸潤[20],流式細胞術顯示肺組織中CD11b+/CD11c+雙陽性細胞顯著增加,同時伴有其他單核細胞和樹突細胞數(shù)量的增加,且隨著月齡增加和關節(jié)病變逐漸加重,肺臟病變也逐漸加重[21]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)TNF-Tg小鼠肺臟中膠原纖維面積增多,出現(xiàn)輕度纖維化情況,肺間質中B220+B淋巴細胞和CD3+T淋巴細胞也明顯增多,在支氣管和血管周圍存在明顯增多的B淋巴細胞濾泡結構。在RA-ILD患者肺活檢組織的研究中,檢測到RA患者肺組織中明顯增生的濾泡B淋巴細胞,且?guī)缀跬耆奂诩氈夤苤車?2],肺組織中CD3+T淋巴細胞和CD4+T淋巴細胞數(shù)量顯著增加[23]。本研究結果與既往研究一致。TNF-Tg小鼠高度模擬了RA-ILD患者的病理改變,用于藥物治療效果的研究是合適的。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)TNF-Tg小鼠踝關節(jié)出現(xiàn)滑膜炎癥浸潤,軟骨與骨組織丟失,破骨細胞數(shù)目增多。這可能與細胞因子和趨化因子通過激活內皮細胞,吸引免疫細胞積聚在滑膜腔室,和破骨細胞之間相互復雜作用,誘導或加重炎癥反應,從而導致滑膜腫脹及軟骨損傷和骨侵蝕有關[24]。RA相關肺部疾病的病理生理學尚不明確,已有病理學家認識到,RA患者的肺部病理特征包括淋巴細胞聚集物和有組織的淋巴組織區(qū)域[25]。早在RA伴發(fā)肺部疾病患者的肺組織中就發(fā)現(xiàn)了支氣管相關淋巴組織(BALT)的存在,最近發(fā)現(xiàn)BALT與組織損傷的嚴重程度相關[25-26]。有研究假設異位淋巴組織可能通過提供T淋巴細胞暴露于B淋巴細胞增加的區(qū)域來傳播自身免疫,關節(jié)炎的滑膜結構為淋巴組織的發(fā)育提供了理想的環(huán)境[27-28]。在H-L-g7xK小鼠中,B淋巴細胞和抗原特異性B淋巴細胞頻率的增加可能是異位淋巴組織的誘導物,B淋巴細胞可以為異位淋巴組織的形成提供必要的趨化因子和細胞因子[29]。在K/BxN小鼠模型中,肺中出現(xiàn)淋巴細胞浸潤,且抗原特異性T淋巴細胞和B淋巴細胞的合作活性發(fā)展為肺中的異位淋巴組織[30]。本研究結果與之相似,但對于TNF-Tg小鼠肺臟中升高的B淋巴細胞和T淋巴細胞在肺臟病變中發(fā)揮的具體機制仍需進一步探究。
臟痹方是國醫(yī)大師施杞教授為RA經久不愈者所制新方。方中以生黃芪配當歸補益脾血,共為君藥;仙鶴草入肺、肝、脾經養(yǎng)血,仙靈脾走肝腎二經,為補命門、益精氣、強筋骨、補腎壯陽之要藥,仙鶴草和仙靈脾補血益腎共為臣藥;柴胡和秦艽均歸肝膽經,配合發(fā)揮疏理肝氣、祛風濕、清熱、止痹痛的功效,共為佐藥;延胡索配川牛膝活血通經為使藥。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),臟痹方不僅減輕了關節(jié)炎癥,減少了破骨細胞數(shù)目,緩解了軟骨損傷和骨侵蝕,而且減輕了肺臟炎癥和纖維化,降低了肺臟中升高的B淋巴細胞和T淋巴細胞數(shù)目,改善了肺組織結構??芍K痹方在RA和RA-ILD的治療方面取得了積極的療效。
本研究中存在一定的局限性:臟痹方雖然可以有效改善TNF-Tg小鼠關節(jié)炎癥和肺臟損傷,但是其具體發(fā)揮作用的化合物成分尚不明確。未來研究將采用高效液相色譜法對臟痹方有效成分進行檢測;在實驗中設置不同濃度給藥組進一步明確臟痹方的藥效;并通過網(wǎng)絡藥理學尋找臟痹方的潛在作用靶點和信號通路,進一步通過分子生物學實驗進行驗證。
作者貢獻:楊燦負責動物取材,實驗指標檢測,數(shù)據(jù)分析,論文撰寫與修改;李寧負責修改論文;李雪菲、趙力負責實驗動物的飼養(yǎng)與處理,數(shù)據(jù)整理;徐浩負責圖像采集與分析;施杞、王擁軍負責研究的設計與可行性分析;梁倩倩負責研究的設計與可行性分析、論文修改,對稿件整體監(jiān)督負責。
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(本文編輯:鄒琳)
*通信作者:梁倩倩,研究員/博士生導師;E-mail:liangqianqiantcm@126.com
基金項目:上海市衛(wèi)生健康委員會中醫(yī)藥科研項目創(chuàng)新團隊類項目(2022CX001);上海市醫(yī)院中藥制劑產業(yè)轉化協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心項目;上海市重中之重研究中心建設項目(2022ZZ01009)
引用本文:楊燦,李寧,李雪菲,等. 臟痹方治療類風濕關節(jié)炎間質性肺疾病小鼠關節(jié)炎及肺臟并發(fā)癥的療效研究[J]. 中國全科醫(yī)學,2024,27(24):3015-3022. DOI:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0257. [www.chinagp.net]
YANG C,LI N,LI X F,et al. Efficacy of Zang Bi formula in treating arthritis and its pulmonary complications in rheumatoid arthritis interstitial lung disease mice. [J]. Chinese General Practice,2024,27(24):3015-3022.
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