◎朱廣春

Track 4

她被人們尊稱(chēng)為“先生”，以其獨(dú)特的文學(xué)才華和卓越的翻譯成就而備受推崇。她不僅是一位杰出的小說(shuō)家、劇作家，還是外國(guó)文學(xué)研究者，深刻影響了中國(guó)文學(xué)界。透過(guò)她的作品，我們可以窺見(jiàn)一位豁達(dá)樂(lè)觀、堅(jiān)韌不拔的文學(xué)巨匠，以及她與家人的溫情故事和對(duì)學(xué)術(shù)的無(wú)私奉獻(xiàn)。讓我們一同進(jìn)入一幅跨越時(shí)光的畫(huà)卷，深入探索這位先生的非凡人生。

Yang Jiang (1911–2016), formerly known as Yang Jikang, was a famous1)contemporary Chinese writer, foreign literature researcher,dramatist and translator.She was honored as “xiansheng”, and “a literary master spanning more than a century”.Her husband described her as “the most2)virtuous wife and the most talented woman”.

Born in Beijing in July 1911, Yang Jiang grew up in an open-minded intellectual family.In 1932, Yang Jiang went to Tsinghua University from Soochow University to study.Here, she met Qian Zhongshu, and they fell in love and got married.In 1938, Yang Jiang finished her studies at the University of Oxford with Qian Zhongshu and returned home with their one-year-old daughter.

Yang Jiang had written and translated3)prolifically all her life.Her debut novel was the proseCollecting Footprintspublished inTa Kung Paoin 1933.The novelBaptismmade her a famous novelist in the literary world.The scriptsSatisfied,Making Truth into FalsehoodandWind Fluffbrought her great fame.Although suffering from the vicissitudes of life, her writings, such asSix Chapters of My LifeandDrinking Teapublished in the 1980s,We Threepublished at the age of 92,Reaching the Brink of Lifepublished at the age of 96 andComplete Collection of Yang Jiangpublished at the age of 102, can still make readers deeply feel her optimistic and broad-minded attitude, her strong and4)indomitable character, and her transcendent and charismatic personality.

In addition, she was proficient in English and French,and began to teach herself Spanish at the age of 48.Don Quixote, which she spent 20 years finishing translating,is recognized as the best translation masterpiece.In 1978, when the Spanish King and Queen visited China,the then-leader Deng Xiaoping presented Yang’s Chinese version as a national gift to the royal couple.In 1986, the King of Spain personally awarded her the Cross of King Alfonso X of Wisdom in recognition of her contribution to the spreading of Spanish culture.Her first translation ofLazarillo de Tormesin the 1960s and her translation ofPhaedoat the age of 90 are also loved deeply by readers.These words of hers, whether her own works or translations, have left abundant spiritual wealth for future generations, which are thought-provoking and enlightening.

In 2001, Yang Jiang donated tens of millions of manuscript fees and royalties belonging to her and Qian Zhongshu to their alma mater—Tsinghua University, and set up a “Love Reading” scholarship to reward students who are diligent, outstanding in academic performance,but have financial difficulties in their families.

On May 25, 2016, Yang Jiang passed away at the age of 105.

In the eyes of others, Yang Jiang had a legendary life, but she was low-key and modest, and her works were plain and elegant.The famous Chinese writer and translator Shi Zhecun commented that “Baptismwas a combination ofA Dream of Red MansionsandThe Scholars, two of China’s most important classics”.To this, Yang Jiang responded with characteristic modesty, saying, “Baptismis just an experiment to test me and see if I am capable of writing novels.” Though Yang Jiang referred to her works as trials, each of her trials was a success.“These ‘trials’ show her calm and simple state of mind and her indifference to fame and fortune,” reviewedPeople’s Dailyin a remembrance in 2016.

I strove with none;

for none was worth my strife;

Nature I loved,

and next to Nature,Art;

I warmed both hands before the fire of life;

It sinks,

and I am ready to depart.

This is a famous poemOn His Seventy-fifth Birthdayby the 19th-century British poet Walter Savage Landor, translated by Yang Jiang herself.This poem may be regarded as a portrayal of her life.

1) contemporaryadj.當(dāng)代的

2) virtuousadj.品德高的

3) prolificallyadv.多產(chǎn)地

4) indomitableadj.不屈不撓的

楊絳（1911—2016），原名楊季康，中國(guó)當(dāng)代著名作家、外國(guó)文學(xué)研究者、戲劇家、翻譯家。人們尊稱(chēng)她為“先生”“跨越一個(gè)多世紀(jì)的文學(xué)大家”。她的丈夫形容她是“最賢的妻,最才的女”。

1911 年 7 月，楊絳出生于北京，成長(zhǎng)在一個(gè)思想開(kāi)明的知識(shí)分子家庭。1932 年，楊絳從東吳大學(xué)到清華大學(xué)讀書(shū)。在這里，她結(jié)識(shí)了錢(qián)鍾書(shū)，二人相戀并結(jié)婚。1938 年,楊絳隨錢(qián)鍾書(shū)結(jié)束在英國(guó)牛津大學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)，帶著一歲的女兒回國(guó)。

楊絳一生著譯豐厚。 1933 年發(fā)表在《大公報(bào)》上的散文《收腳印》是她的處女作。長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)《洗澡》使她成為享譽(yù)文壇的小說(shuō)家；劇本《稱(chēng)心如意》《弄真成假》和《風(fēng)絮》讓她聲名大振。縱使命運(yùn)多舛，但讀者依舊可以通過(guò)她20 世紀(jì)80 年代出版的《干校六記》《將飲茶》，92 歲出版的《我們仨》，96 歲出版的《走到人生邊上》及102 歲出版的《楊絳文集》中的文字體悟到她擁有的那份樂(lè)觀豁達(dá)的胸懷、堅(jiān)強(qiáng)不屈的品性和超然卓立的人格魅力。

此外，她還精通英語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)，在48 歲時(shí)又開(kāi)始自學(xué)西班牙語(yǔ)，用20年時(shí)間翻譯的《堂·吉訶德》被公認(rèn)為是最優(yōu)秀的翻譯佳作。1978 年，西班牙國(guó)王和王后訪問(wèn)中國(guó)，時(shí)任領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人鄧小平將此中文版本作為國(guó)禮贈(zèng)送給這對(duì)王室夫婦。1986 年，西班牙國(guó)王親自授予她“智慧國(guó)王阿方索十世十字勛章”，以表彰她對(duì)西班牙文化傳播做出的貢獻(xiàn)。她初譯于20 世紀(jì)60 年代的《小癩子》及90 歲高齡時(shí)翻譯的《斐多》，也都深受讀者喜愛(ài)。無(wú)論是她的著作還是譯作都給后人留下了豐盈的精神財(cái)富，引人深思，給人啟迪。

2001 年，楊絳將她和錢(qián)鍾書(shū)的數(shù)千萬(wàn)元稿費(fèi)和版稅，全部捐贈(zèng)給了他們的母校清華大學(xué)，設(shè)立“好讀書(shū)”獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)好學(xué)上進(jìn)、成績(jī)優(yōu)秀但家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難的學(xué)生。

2016 年5 月25 日，楊絳逝世，享年105 歲。

在他人的眼里，楊絳擁有傳奇的人生，但她本人低調(diào)謙和，作品平實(shí)淡雅。中國(guó)著名作家和翻譯家施蟄存評(píng)論說(shuō)：“《洗澡》是中國(guó)最重要的兩部經(jīng)典作品《紅樓夢(mèng)》和《儒林外史》的結(jié)合體?！睂?duì)此，楊絳以她特有的謙遜回應(yīng)說(shuō)：“《洗澡》只是一次檢測(cè)自己是否有能力寫(xiě)小說(shuō)的嘗試?！北M管她稱(chēng)自己的作品為嘗試，但她的每一次嘗試無(wú)疑都是成功的。2016 年，《人民日?qǐng)?bào)》在一次紀(jì)念活動(dòng)中評(píng)論說(shuō)：“這些‘嘗試’體現(xiàn)了她平靜簡(jiǎn)單的心態(tài)和她對(duì)名利的淡泊?！?/p>

我和誰(shuí)都不爭(zhēng)，

和誰(shuí)爭(zhēng)我都不屑；

我愛(ài)大自然，

其次就是藝術(shù)；

我雙手烤著生命之火取暖；

火萎了，

我也準(zhǔn)備走了。

這是19 世紀(jì)英國(guó)詩(shī)人沃爾特·薩維奇·蘭多的名詩(shī)《寫(xiě)于七十五歲》，由楊絳所譯，這首詩(shī)或可視為她一生的寫(xiě)照。