摘要 目的:探討心臟超聲造影聯(lián)合血清血小板反應(yīng)蛋白解整合素金屬肽酶-4(ADAMTS-4)、骨保護(hù)素(OPG)評(píng)估冠心病病人冠狀動(dòng)脈病變程度的臨床價(jià)值。方法:選取2019年10月—2022年10月四川綿陽四0四醫(yī)院收治的90例冠心病病人作為研究對(duì)象,根據(jù)Gensini評(píng)分將病人分為重度病變組(30例)、中度病變組(28例)、輕度病變組(32例),均行心臟超聲造影檢查及血清ADAMTS-4、OPG檢測(cè)。比較3組心臟超聲造影定量參數(shù)(A值、β值)及血清ADAMTS-4、OPG檢測(cè)值;采用Pearson相關(guān)性分析心臟超聲造影定量參數(shù)及血清ADAMTS-4、OPG水平與Gensini評(píng)分的相關(guān)性;采用受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線評(píng)估心臟超聲造影定量參數(shù)及血清ADAMTS-4、OPG水平對(duì)重度冠狀動(dòng)脈病變的評(píng)估效能。結(jié)果:中度病變組、重度病變組心臟超聲造影定量參數(shù)A值、β值低于輕度病變組,血清ADAMTS-4、OPG水平高于輕度病變組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);重度病變組心臟超聲造影定量參數(shù)A值、β值低于中度病變組,血清ADAMTS-4、OPG水平高于中度病變組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。Pearson相關(guān)性分析顯示,心臟超聲造影A值、β值與Gensini評(píng)分均呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05),血清ADAMTS-4、OPG水平與Gensini評(píng)分均呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05)。ROC曲線顯示,A值、β值及血清ADAMTS-4、OPG單獨(dú)診斷重度冠狀動(dòng)脈病變的最佳截?cái)嘀捣謩e為3.38、0.30、107.57 ng/mL、0.20 ng/mL,對(duì)應(yīng)的曲線下面積(AUC)分別為0.797,0.883,0.895,0.680,4項(xiàng)指標(biāo)聯(lián)合診斷的AUC為0.937。結(jié)論:心臟超聲造影定量參數(shù)A值、β值及血清ADAMTS-4、OPG與冠心病病人冠狀動(dòng)脈病變程度存在相關(guān)性,聯(lián)合檢測(cè)在重度冠狀動(dòng)脈病變的評(píng)估中具有較高的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
關(guān)鍵詞 冠心??;冠狀動(dòng)脈病變;心臟超聲造影;血小板反應(yīng)蛋白解整合素金屬肽酶-4;骨保護(hù)素
doi:10.12102/j.issn.1672-1349.2024.01.025
Clinical Value of Contrast-enhanced Echocardiography Combined with Serum ADAMTS-4 and OPG in Evaluating the Degree of Coronary Artery Lesion in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease
LIANG Wei
Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan, China, E-mail: LW20161009@163.com
Abstract Objective:To explore the clinical value of contrast-enhanced echocardiography combined with serum disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4(ADAMTS-4) and osteoprotegerin(OPG) for evaluating the degree of coronary artery lesion in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods:A total of 90 patients with coronary heart disease were enrolled as the study subjects.According to Gensini score,the patients were divided into coronary artery evere lesion group(30 cases),moderate lesion group(28 cases),and mild lesion group(32 cases).Contrast-enhanced echocardiography,serum ADAMTS-4 and OPG were detected in all patients.Quantitative parameters of contrast-enhanced echocardiography ultrasound(A value,β value),serum ADAMTS-4 and OPG values were compared among the 3 groups.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between quantitative parameters of contrast-enhanced echocardiography,serum ADAMTS-4 and OPG levels,and Gensini score.Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC) was drawn to assess the efficacy of quantitative parameters of contrast-enhanced echocardiography and serum ADAMTS-4 and OPG levels on severe coronary artery lesion.Results:The quantitative parameters A and β values of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in moderate lesion group and evere lesion group were lower than those in mild lesion group,and serum ADAMTS-4 and OPG levels were higher than those in mild lesion group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).The quantitative parameters A and β values of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in evere lesion group were lower than those in moderate lesion group,and serum ADAMTS-4 and OPG levels were higher than those in moderate lesion group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the A value and β value of contrast-enhanced echocardiography were negatively correlated with Gensini score(P<0.05),and the levels of serum ADAMTS-4 and OPG were positively correlated with Gensini score(P<0.05).ROC curve showed that the optimal cut-off values of A value,β value,serum ADAMTS-4,and OPG alone in the diagnosis of severe coronary artery lesion were 3.38,0.30,107.57 ng/mL,and 0.20 ng/mL,respectively.The corresponding areas under the curve(AUC) were 0.797,0.883,0.895,and 0.680,respectively.The combined diagnosis AUC of the four indexes was 0.937.Conclusion:The contrast-enhanced echocardiography quantitative parameters of A value,β value,ADAMTS-4,and OPG are correlated with the degree of coronary artery lesion in patients with coronary heart disease,and the combined detection shows? a high application value for the evaluation of severe degree of coronary artery lesion.
Keywords coronary heart disease; coronary artery lesion; contrast-enhanced echocardiography; disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4; osteoprotegerin
冠心病是危害人類健康安全和生活質(zhì)量的疾病,隨著人們生活方式和飲食習(xí)慣的改變,根據(jù)近2年世界衛(wèi)生組織(World Health Organization,WHO)的報(bào)告,每年約有1 790萬人死于心血管疾病,其中約有740萬人死于冠心病,這意味著冠心病造成的死亡人數(shù)占所有心血管疾病死亡人數(shù)的41%[1]。冠心病的病因和病機(jī)尚未完全明確,目前已知的傳統(tǒng)危險(xiǎn)因素如高齡、高血壓、吸煙、血脂異常雖已被證實(shí)與冠心病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有一定關(guān)聯(lián),但僅依賴這些因素進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估存在局限性,遺傳因素、生活方式、環(huán)境等因素均會(huì)影響這些危險(xiǎn)因素的敏感性[2]。冠心病病情變化加快,及早明確病情并進(jìn)行干預(yù),對(duì)于改善預(yù)后,降低致死率、致殘率具有重要意義。心臟超聲造影是一種微創(chuàng)檢測(cè)手段,利用聲學(xué)造影劑提高分辨力,評(píng)估心肌血流灌注情況,具有分辨率高、操作簡(jiǎn)單、可重復(fù)等優(yōu)勢(shì),可作為冠心病病情評(píng)估手段。除此之外,血清標(biāo)志物檢測(cè)簡(jiǎn)單且敏感度高,可作為冠心病診斷和病情評(píng)估的可靠工具。既往研究發(fā)現(xiàn),血小板反應(yīng)蛋白解整合素金屬肽酶-4(A disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4,ADAMTS-4)與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化及動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化斑塊不穩(wěn)定性有關(guān),參與冠心病的發(fā)生發(fā)展過程[3]。另有研究顯示,骨保護(hù)素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)參與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化及血管鈣化過程,目前是冠心病研究中的熱點(diǎn)[4]。本研究分析心臟超聲造影聯(lián)合血清ADAMTS-4、OPG在評(píng)估冠心病病人冠狀動(dòng)脈病變程度的臨床價(jià)值,為冠心病的臨床診療提供參考。
1 資料與方法
1.1 研究對(duì)象
選取2019年10月—2022年10月我院收治的90例冠心病病人作為研究對(duì)象。冠心病的診斷參照中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)心血管分會(huì)制定的相關(guān)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[5]:根據(jù)病情的不同類型,分為穩(wěn)定型心絞痛、不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛、急性心肌梗死等,穩(wěn)定型心絞痛的診斷主要依據(jù)典型癥狀(持續(xù)時(shí)間較短的胸部疼痛或不適,通常在活動(dòng)或勞累時(shí)發(fā)生,休息或使用硝酸甘油后緩解;疼痛可放射至左肩、左臂、下頜或背部)、心電圖表現(xiàn)和其他相關(guān)檢查(如壓力試驗(yàn)、冠狀動(dòng)脈造影等);不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛的診斷依據(jù)癥狀的加重或發(fā)作頻率、持續(xù)時(shí)間的改變,以及心電圖和生化指標(biāo)異常,癥狀表現(xiàn)為新發(fā)心絞痛,之前已有穩(wěn)定型心絞痛,但癥狀明顯加重,或休息時(shí)發(fā)作的心絞痛;急性心肌梗死的診斷依據(jù)癥狀(持續(xù)的嚴(yán)重胸痛或不適,持續(xù)時(shí)間通常超過20 min,休息或使用硝酸甘油無法緩解)、心電圖改變(ST段抬高、T波倒置等)和生化指標(biāo)(如心肌酶譜、肌鈣蛋白T/肌鈣蛋白I等)升高。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):符合冠心病診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn);臨床資料及影像學(xué)資料完整;對(duì)本研究知情同意且簽署知情同意書。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):合并感染性疾??;有腦卒中史、重大外傷史;合并精神障礙,無法配合者。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 Gensini評(píng)分[6]
以冠狀動(dòng)脈最狹窄處作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),狹窄≤24%計(jì)1分,狹窄25%~49%計(jì)2分,狹窄50%~74%計(jì)4分,狹窄75%~89%計(jì)8分,狹窄90%~98%計(jì)16分,狹窄>99%計(jì)32分。根據(jù)冠狀動(dòng)脈不同將以上得分乘以相應(yīng)系數(shù):左主干×5,回旋支近段×2.5,前降支近段×1.5,前降支中段、回旋支中段均為×1,前降支遠(yuǎn)段、第二對(duì)角支、后側(cè)支均×0.5,后降支、回旋支遠(yuǎn)段、鈍緣支及右冠狀動(dòng)脈近段、中段、遠(yuǎn)段均×1。根據(jù)Gensini評(píng)分分為輕度病變組(<20分)、中度病變組(20~50分)、重度病變組(>50分),其中輕度病變組32例,中度病變組28例,重度病變組30例。
1.2.2 心臟超聲造影檢查
采用飛利浦IE33三維心臟超聲診斷儀,行常規(guī)超聲心動(dòng)圖檢查后,調(diào)節(jié)至超聲造影模式,經(jīng)左側(cè)肘靜脈注入造影劑,待造影劑充盈心肌,觸發(fā)高能量脈沖,在低能量造影狀態(tài)下實(shí)時(shí)呈現(xiàn)心肌造影劑微泡再充填過程,從高能量脈沖觸發(fā)時(shí)起,獲取15個(gè)連續(xù)心動(dòng)周期的心尖兩腔觀、四腔觀及左室長(zhǎng)軸觀圖像并存盤。采用左室16段劃分法進(jìn)行圖像分析,軟件自動(dòng)獲取定量參數(shù)最大微泡數(shù)量(A)及造影劑充填速度(β)。
1.2.3 血清指標(biāo)檢測(cè)
采集病人空腹外周靜脈血,離心分離血清,酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法測(cè)定血清ADAMTS-4、OPG水平,試劑盒來自藍(lán)基生物科技。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
采用SPSS 22.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理。符合正態(tài)分布的定量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,多組間比較采用單因素方差分析,采用Bonferroni校正法進(jìn)行組間兩兩比較;定性資料采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。采用Pearson相關(guān)性分析法分析心臟超聲造影定量參數(shù)及血清ADAMTS-4、OPG水平與Gensini評(píng)分的相關(guān)性;繪制受試者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)曲線,計(jì)算曲線下面積(AUC)、最佳截?cái)嘀档葏?shù),分析心臟超聲造影定量參數(shù)及血清ADAMTS-4、OPG水平對(duì)重度冠狀動(dòng)脈病變的評(píng)估效能。所有檢驗(yàn)均為雙側(cè)檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié) 果
2.1 3組一般資料比較
3組性別、年齡、吸煙史、體質(zhì)指數(shù)比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。3組Gensini評(píng)分比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。詳見表1。
2.2 3組心臟超聲造影定量參數(shù)比較
中度病變組、重度病變組心臟超聲造影定量參數(shù)A值、β值低于輕度病變組,重度病變組心臟超聲造影定量參數(shù)A值、β值低于中度病變組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。詳見表2。
2.3 3組血清ADAMTS-4、OPG水平比較
中度病變組、重度病變組血清ADAMTS-4、OPG水平高于輕度病變組,重度病變組血清ADAMTS-4、OPG水平高于中度病變組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。詳見表3。
2.4 心臟超聲造影定量參數(shù)及血清ADAMTS-4、OPG水平與Gensini評(píng)分的相關(guān)性
Pearson相關(guān)性分析顯示,心臟超聲造影A值、β值與Gensini評(píng)分均呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05),血清ADAMTS-4、OPG水平與Gensini評(píng)分均呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05)。詳見表4。
2.5 心臟超聲造影定量參數(shù)及血清ADAMTS-4、OPG水平對(duì)重度冠狀動(dòng)脈病變的評(píng)估效能
ROC曲線顯示,A值、β值及血清ADAMTS-4、OPG單獨(dú)診斷重度冠狀動(dòng)脈病變的最佳截?cái)嘀捣謩e為3.38、0.30、107.57 ng/mL、0.20 ng/mL,對(duì)應(yīng)的AUC分別為0.797,0.883,0.895,0.680,4項(xiàng)指標(biāo)聯(lián)合診斷重度冠狀動(dòng)脈病變的AUC為0.937。詳見圖1及表5。
2.6 典型病例的影像學(xué)表現(xiàn)(見圖2)
3 討 論
冠心病是一種致死率、致殘率較高的疾病,盡早診斷、評(píng)估病情并進(jìn)行積極干預(yù)是改善預(yù)后、預(yù)防心血管終末事件的重要措施。冠狀動(dòng)脈狹窄引起的心肌血液循環(huán)灌注紊亂是導(dǎo)致冠心病病人心功能障礙的主要原因之一,因此,評(píng)估心肌血流灌注情況是冠心病診斷和病情評(píng)估的重要措施[7]。心臟超聲具有操作方便、快捷的優(yōu)點(diǎn),是臨床輔助評(píng)估心臟病變的重要手段,但其受超聲偽影及操作醫(yī)生主觀經(jīng)驗(yàn)等因素的影響較大,難以避免主觀、客觀誤差[8]。近年來,心臟超聲造影發(fā)展迅速,可反映心肌循環(huán)灌注情況,為冠狀動(dòng)脈病變的診療提供更為準(zhǔn)確的依據(jù),其工作原理是采用富含微泡的造影劑經(jīng)周圍靜脈至灌注動(dòng)脈,達(dá)到心肌微血管床,采用超聲進(jìn)行顯影,微泡的大小和紅細(xì)胞接近,故可作為示蹤劑[9-10]。在常規(guī)超聲心動(dòng)圖的基礎(chǔ)上,采用定量參數(shù)A值與β值可較準(zhǔn)確地反映心臟微血管密度及血液流速等情況,進(jìn)而對(duì)微血管的完整性和心肌局部灌注狀態(tài)進(jìn)行定量評(píng)估,同時(shí)還能反復(fù)檢測(cè),對(duì)于冠心病的臨床評(píng)估具有重要價(jià)值[11]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,輕度病變組、中度病變組、重度病變組心臟超聲造影定量參數(shù)A值、β值均依次下降,組間差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,Pearson相關(guān)性分析顯示,心臟超聲造影A值、β值與Gensini評(píng)分均呈負(fù)相關(guān),與既往研究結(jié)果[12]一致,提示心臟超聲造影檢測(cè)參數(shù)與冠心病病人冠狀動(dòng)脈狹窄程度存在一定相關(guān)性。ROC曲線顯示,A值、β值診斷重度冠狀動(dòng)脈病變的最佳截?cái)嘀捣謩e為3.38,0.30,對(duì)應(yīng)的AUC分別為0.797,0.883,表明心臟超聲定量參數(shù)對(duì)于冠狀動(dòng)脈重度狹窄具有一定診斷價(jià)值。
動(dòng)脈鈣沉積、纖維增生、內(nèi)膜損傷是冠心病的重要病理基礎(chǔ),粥樣硬化斑塊破裂及繼發(fā)血栓是導(dǎo)致冠狀動(dòng)脈血管狹窄甚至閉塞的主要原因[13]。既往研究證實(shí),炎癥反應(yīng)在動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化斑塊破裂及繼發(fā)血栓的發(fā)生過程中發(fā)揮重要的作用[14]。ADAMTS-4為ADAMTS家族成員,是一種分泌型金屬蛋白酶,參與炎癥、細(xì)胞凋亡等生物學(xué)過程,既往研究顯示,其與諸多心血管疾病有關(guān)[15-16]。近年來的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),ADAMTS-4可影響冠狀動(dòng)脈斑塊的穩(wěn)定性,且其在巨噬細(xì)胞含量較高的不穩(wěn)定斑塊中表達(dá)更多[17]。OPG是一種分泌型糖蛋白,與腫瘤形成、免疫調(diào)節(jié)等過程有關(guān),隨著對(duì)其深入研究發(fā)現(xiàn),OPG在冠心病的發(fā)生發(fā)展中發(fā)揮重要作用[18-19]。OPG可作用于血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞,當(dāng)OPG超出一定生理濃度范圍時(shí),可加劇血管內(nèi)皮損傷,且OPG可促進(jìn)內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞和白細(xì)胞黏附,導(dǎo)致慢性炎癥,加重冠狀動(dòng)脈病變[20]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,輕度病變組、中度病變組、重度病變組血清ADAMTS-4、OPG水平依次升高,組間差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,Pearson相關(guān)性分析顯示,血清ADAMTS-4、OPG水平與Gensini評(píng)分均呈正相關(guān),提示血清ADAMTS-4、OPG水平與冠心病病人冠狀動(dòng)脈病變程度具有一定相關(guān)性。ROC曲線顯示,ADAMTS-4、OPG診斷重度冠狀動(dòng)脈病變的最佳截?cái)嘀捣謩e為107.57、0.20 ng/mL,對(duì)應(yīng)的AUC分別為0.895,0.680,提示當(dāng)血清ADAMTS-4、OPG分別超過相應(yīng)臨界值時(shí),冠狀動(dòng)脈病變加重的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高。本研究結(jié)果顯示,心臟超聲造影定量參數(shù)A值、β值與血清ADAMTS-4、OPG聯(lián)合診斷重度冠狀動(dòng)脈病變的敏感度為93.30%,對(duì)應(yīng)的AUC為0.937,表明4項(xiàng)指標(biāo)聯(lián)合可進(jìn)一步提高診斷效能。
綜上所述,心臟超聲造影定量參數(shù)A值、β值及血清ADAMTS-4、OPG與冠心病病人冠狀動(dòng)脈病變程度存在相關(guān)性,聯(lián)合檢測(cè)可作為評(píng)估冠狀動(dòng)脈病變程度的重要參考指標(biāo)。
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(收稿日期:2023-01-06)
(本文編輯郭懷?。?/p>
引用信息 梁微.心臟超聲造影聯(lián)合血清ADAMTS-4、OPG評(píng)估冠心病病人冠狀動(dòng)脈病變程度的臨床價(jià)值[J].中西醫(yī)結(jié)合心腦血管病雜志,2024,22(1):133-137.