SocialCycleandObjectivation:Simmel’sPositionofModernRelativist

WangYun35

Simmel is often labeled conflictingly as a psychologist and an essayist, however these two labels are derived from the same problematic concept of the end of the 19th century. Through analysis on his discussion on social linkages and the objectivation of the society, this article argues that Simmel’s emphasis on psychological factors does not conflict with that on social forms. Social cycle is the ontological social existence, and the psychological participation in both individual and collective aspects is necessary for its evolution, which ultimately leads to modernity. Simmel also opposed skepticism, holism, and other contemporary thoughts, and advocated the relative understanding of relations. Therefore, he was neither a psychologist nor an essaysit, but a modern relativist in the sense of relationism.

BuildingAutonomyinUncertainties:DailyLaborPracticeandItsReflectionofDigitalNomad

WangYunlongWenJun45

Digital technology not only reshapes the employment pattern,but also causes the new alienation of labor,which constantly erodes the autonomy of workers. Digital nomads,by virtue of the labor capital endowed by “information technology”,the labor concept of “integration of work and rest” and the labor strategy of “circular flow”,continue to shape a free and flexible labor experience. At the same time,it is on the basis of inheriting the triple skills of “complex adaptation”,“l(fā)ivelihood mosaics” and “collectivization enactment” from the perspective of “nomadism” that it can transform the “uncertainty” faced in daily labor situations into “being-certainty”,thus constructing a stable autonomous space. In addition,as a microcosm of transnational labor practice and global lifestyle,the autonomy of digital nomads essentially stems from adaptation to digital capitalism rather than challenge,and can be reproduced with reflexive identity construction.

TransformationofTalentDevelopmentandGovernanceintheDigitalAge:Trends,PracticesandPaths—APerspectiveofHolisticGovernanceTheory

ZhaoQuanjun77

Holistic governance theory is a new paradigm of public management after the new public management theory. Based on the reform of institutional optimization supported by technology, “holistic intelligent governance” (zhengtizhizhi) has become the inevitable trend of talent development and governance transformation in the digital era. The “holistic intelligent governance” has the paradigm characteristics of data-connected governance, data-driven governance, and structural-reconstruction governance, which means a systematic remolding of talent development and governance system. At present, the digital reform in the field of talent in China is surging. Through the implementation of innovative measures such as “integration”, “synergy” and “enabling”, the concept and positive effects of “holistic intelligent governance” have gradually appeared in the fields of talent development and governance system. However, compared with the digital transformation requirements of “holistic intelligent governance”, the current digital reform of talent issue is still faced with some difficulties of transformation, among which a series of problems such as “non-technical obstacles”, “reform alienation”, and “responsibility assignment” need to be further solved. By this, it highlights the close coordination of multiple domains such as technology, organization, management, and ideology, which means that a systematic remolding of strategy, mechanism, platform, and elements of talent development and governance is certainly required.

TrustedDataSpace:ACo-governanceFrameworkofTechnologyandLegalRules

BaoXiaoli89

Trusted data space refers to the digital infrastructure that ensures the security, legitimacy and credibility of data exchange. It includes two aspects: trusted circulation technology and trusted trading systems. Trusted data space is mainly applied in conditions of cross-border data flow, sensitive data exchange, and transactions between strangers. From the technical perspective, trusted data space is composed of privacy-preserving computing technology that ensures the credibility of identity, environment and content, as well as data monitoring technology that ensures the controllable and traceable circulation process. From the institutional perspective, legal rules shall clarify the rights and obligations of all parties involved in transactions, as well as the legal status of data exchanges, data brokers, and data technology service providers, emphasizing the security obligations of data space operators.

OntheSubstantiveLawEffectofImproperEnforcementofandanOutsiders’Property

ZhuangShiyue112

Under the orientation of the legal nature as an action of formation in the procedural law, the function of the lawsuit against the execution by the outsider is to exclude the improper execution carried out by the executive organ, it cannot remedy loss or damage caused to outsiders by improper execution. When an outsider suffers loss or damage due to improper execution, he/she shall have the right to claim compensation for property damage or claim for return of unjust enrichment. In this context, a dual relief system should be applied to improper execution act and its damage or loss. In other words, based on the right of dissent in procedural law and the right of claim in substantive law, an outsider should file a lawsuit against the execution and a private law lawsuit to seek relief. The civil enforcement laws and regulations should clearly stipulate the substantive legal effect of improper execution, and give the outsiders a comprehensive remedy path.

KawakamiHajimeonthePlayfulApproachtoLabor

LuoWeidongXuanHang119

Japanese economist Kawakami Hajime believes that the development of the economy should aim at incorporating a “playful approach to labor.” He points out that labor is the main source of pain in people's lives today. The pain of labor comes from not only the physical exhaustion but also the mental fatigue caused by labor as a means to achieve other goals, rather than as an end in itself. People do not directly achieve their goals and feel satisfied after completing their labor. In contrast, people can get real-time feedback and feel happy when they are playing or at play. Therefore, Kawakami Hajime hopes to turn labor into an activity similar to playing, making labor an end in itself, and increasing the enjoyment and reducing the pain associated with labor.

OntheAestheticOccurrenceofContemporaryChineseBorderlandNovels

ZhaoShunhongBuMengyi182

For a long time, scholars have recognized and understood the rich literary phenomena in contemporary border areas from the perspective of ethnic minority literature. The concept of ethnic minority literature tends to be limited within ethnic cultures by highlighting their cultural characteristics. Starting from the social and historical cultural changes in the border areas, it is not difficult to find that the integration of ethnic and cultural elements in border areas is closely related to the transformation of national consciousness since modern times. Meanwhile, close to the creative process, it is this fusion and interaction that promotes the aesthetic occurrence of such creations. Therefore, it is believed that placing relevant creative phenomena in the literary geographical space of “borderland” may provide a more appropriate interpretation of their aesthetic connotations, and highlight their ethnic cultural characteristics.

TheTwo-taxLawandtheEvolutionofPoetryintheMiddleandLateTangDynasty

HuangJu191

Implemented in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, the two-tax law not only contradicted to the political ideas of Confucianism, but also increased the living pressure of the lower-middle-class scholars and common people. This led to the rapid decline of Confucianism and the alienation of the lower-middle-class scholars from the authority as well as the intimate relationship between scholars and common people. Because of the pressure of survival and the decline of Confucianism, it is no longer possible to regulate the scholars to be contented in poverty and devoted to things spiritual, resulting in a tendency to write about themselves—the Kuyin(bitter versification). The keenly-felt pain also made them more aware of the suffering of common people under the tyranny of the two-tax law. The gentleness of Confucian poetic was no longer able to restrain their anger, resulting in a tendency to write about others——realism.