河南 李 哲

文體導(dǎo)讀

英語(yǔ)演講稿是一種書(shū)面表達(dá)的文體，用于書(shū)面演講或演講稿的撰寫(xiě)。它具有以下幾個(gè)主要語(yǔ)篇特征：

1.清晰明確的目的。演講稿通常有明確的目標(biāo)，如說(shuō)服聽(tīng)眾、激發(fā)情感、傳遞信息等。

2.豐富多變的修辭。演講稿中常運(yùn)用修辭手法，如比喻、排比、反問(wèn)等，以增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)言的表達(dá)力和說(shuō)服力。

3.結(jié)構(gòu)清晰的組織。演講稿往往按照一定的結(jié)構(gòu)組織，如問(wèn)題—原因—解決方案、比較—對(duì)比、時(shí)間順序等，以確保演講稿易于理解及內(nèi)容的邏輯性。

4.激發(fā)情感的語(yǔ)言。演講稿常常使用感人、激勵(lì)或激動(dòng)人心的語(yǔ)言，以引起聽(tīng)眾的情感共鳴。

策略導(dǎo)航

1.預(yù)設(shè)讀寫(xiě)目標(biāo)。在開(kāi)始讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)之前，明確自己的讀寫(xiě)目標(biāo)。是為了獲取主要觀點(diǎn)？還是為了理解演講的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)？或者是為了尋找支撐細(xì)節(jié)？

2.構(gòu)思整篇演講稿。在讀寫(xiě)活動(dòng)之前，先快速構(gòu)思整篇演講稿，思考其結(jié)構(gòu)和主要內(nèi)容。注意段落之間的標(biāo)題和主旨句，以獲取整體的概念和框架。

3.關(guān)注關(guān)鍵信息。關(guān)注演講稿的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾，這通常包含了演講的主題、目的以及要點(diǎn)的概述。同時(shí)，也要注意關(guān)鍵段落或標(biāo)志詞以抓住重要信息。使用標(biāo)記筆、高亮筆或數(shù)字標(biāo)記來(lái)突出和標(biāo)注主要觀點(diǎn)、重要信息和支撐細(xì)節(jié)，以便之后進(jìn)行回顧和復(fù)習(xí)。寫(xiě)作前，要在日常學(xué)習(xí)中收集相關(guān)的信息、事實(shí)和證據(jù)，方便在寫(xiě)演講稿時(shí)支撐你的觀點(diǎn)和進(jìn)行論證。要確保選取可靠的來(lái)源，并記錄下引用的參考資料的詳細(xì)信息。

4.注意段落結(jié)構(gòu)和過(guò)渡詞。審視每個(gè)段落的結(jié)構(gòu)，理順其主題句和支撐句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。同樣，留意過(guò)渡詞（例如however、therefore、in addition 等）的使用，它們可以幫助你理解段落之間的聯(lián)系。

5.簡(jiǎn)潔明了的表達(dá)。使用簡(jiǎn)潔明了的語(yǔ)言來(lái)表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)，避免冗長(zhǎng)和復(fù)雜的句子。清晰的表達(dá)可以讓聽(tīng)眾更好地理解你的演講。

6.故事和案例的運(yùn)用。運(yùn)用生動(dòng)的故事和實(shí)際案例，使你的演講更具吸引力和可信度。故事和案例可以幫助受眾更好地理解和記憶你的觀點(diǎn)。

7.試講和修改。寫(xiě)完演講稿后，進(jìn)行反復(fù)的試講并根據(jù)需要進(jìn)行修改。重點(diǎn)關(guān)注語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)、暫停和姿態(tài)等非語(yǔ)言因素，以增強(qiáng)你的演講效果。

素材導(dǎo)背

1.開(kāi)場(chǎng)白和問(wèn)候(Opening and greetings)

Ladies and gentlemen,distinguished guests...女士們，先生們，尊貴的來(lái)賓……

It's an honor to stand before you today.很榮幸今天能站在你們面前。

I'd like to express my sincere gratitude for being here.對(duì)于能夠在這里，我想表達(dá)我真摯的感激之情。

2.引言和引用名言(Introduction and quoting)

Today,I stand here to share with you...今天，我站在這里與你們分享……

As Mark Twain once said...正如馬克·吐溫曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)的那樣……

In the words of Einstein...用愛(ài)因斯坦的話來(lái)說(shuō)……

3.感謝和表達(dá)榮幸之情(Thanking and expressing honor)

I would like to thank...for giving me this opportunity.我要感謝……給了我這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。

I am deeply honored to be chosen as...被選為……，我深感榮幸。

I want to express my heartfelt gratitude to...我想向……表達(dá)我衷心的感謝。

4.回顧過(guò)去，展望未來(lái)(Reflecting on the past and looking to the future)

The past three years have been filled with...過(guò)去的三年充滿了……

We have achieved so much together.我們一起取得了如此多的成績(jī)。

As we venture into the future...當(dāng)我們探索未來(lái)時(shí)……

5.成就和團(tuán)隊(duì)合作(Achievements and teamwork)

Our accomplishments speak for themselves.我們的成績(jī)不言而喻。

It was through our collective efforts that we...正是通過(guò)共同努力，我們……

Working together as a team,we were able to...作為一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)一起合作，我們能夠……

6.激勵(lì)和鼓舞(Motivation and inspiration)

Don't be afraid to chase your dreams.不要害怕追逐你的夢(mèng)想。

Believe in yourself and your abilities.相信自己和自己的能力。

Embrace challenges as opportunities for growth.擁抱挑戰(zhàn)，將其視為成長(zhǎng)的機(jī)會(huì)。

7.感悟和價(jià)值觀(Reflections and values)

It's important to stay true to oneself.堅(jiān)持真實(shí)的自己很重要。

Kindness and empathy should guide our actions.善良和同理心應(yīng)該指引我們的行動(dòng)。

Never underestimate the power of perseverance.永遠(yuǎn)不要低估堅(jiān)持的力量。

8.希望和祝福(Hope and wishes)

May each of us find success and happiness in our future endeavors.愿我們每個(gè)人在未來(lái)的努力中獲得成功和幸福。

Here's to a bright and promising future for all of us.為我們大家光明而充滿希望的未來(lái)干杯。

May our paths cross again someday.愿我們的道路有一天能再次交匯。

案例導(dǎo)練

Embrace ups and downs:Wish you misfortune and happiness

迎接人生的起起落落：祝你不幸而快樂(lè)

Dear soon-to-be high school graduates，as we approach the end of our high school journey, I stand before you today, not as your principal, but as a fellow traveler on the roller coaster（過(guò)山車(chē)）ride of life.And so,my message to you is this:I wish you misfortune and happiness.

Now, before you raise an eyebrow, let me explain.Life is filled with unpredictable twists and turns, with ups and downs that can shake us within.These uncertainties can be discouraging, especially as you prepare for the upcoming college entrance examinations.But rest assured,my dear students,for it is through adversity that we find our inner strength and resilience.Embrace the challenges that life presents, for they will shape you into remarkable individuals capable of conquering any obstacle.

As the great American author Mark Twain once said, the two most important days in your life are the day you are born and the day you find out why.As you embark on this new chapter,remember that finding your purpose is not a linear journey.It can be filled with detours（迂回路）, setbacks, and moments of doubt.But trust in the process, have faith in yourselves,and never lose sight of your dreams.

Life is like a playground, my young graduates.We swing back and forth between laughter and tears, joy and disappointment.Cherish the moments of triumph and celebrate the victories, but also remember that it's okay to stumble and fall.The beauty of life lies in our ability to rise again,brushing off the dirt,and embracing life with renewed vigor.

Surround yourselves with a support system that lifts you up during those tough times.Lean on your friends, family, and mentors who believe in you.Remember, it's during the darkest hours that the light shines the brightest,and those who love and support you will be there to guide you through.

As you venture forth,armed with knowledge and determination,hold onto the power of optimism.Embrace life's uncertainty with a smile on your face and a twinkle in your eyes,for laughter is a powerful weapon against the challenges that lie ahead.Approach each day with a sense of wonder and excitement, knowing that every setback is an opportunity for growth.

Life is a delicate balance of highs and lows, triumphs and setbacks.My dear graduates, as you bid farewell to high school, I, once again wish you misfortune and happiness.May you overcome the uncertainties that life presents with unwavering optimism and unwavering resilience.May you find joy in every triumph and wisdom in every challenge.May you eventually understand and find true fortune and happiness in the future.

一、閱讀自測(cè)

Detail 1.What can we learn from life's uncertainties and challenges according to the text?

A.They make us stronger and resilient.

B.They can discourage us during exams.

C.They are unpredictable twists and turns.

D.They shape us into capable individuals.

Inference2.Why does the lecturer quote Mark Twain's words?

A.To explain a common phenomenon of life.

B.To emphasize the process and purpose of life.

C.To make the speech more convincing and vivid.

D.To illustrate life never goes smoothly as expected.

Detail3.What advice does the lecturer make according to paragraph 5?

A.Discover and unleash your potential.

B.Have confidence in yourself all the time.

C.Seek support from others during hard times.

D.Gather enough strength to defeat challenges.

Detail4.What message does the lecturer want to convey at the end of his speech?

A.Facing each misfortune in future life bravely.

B.Embracing success and failure wholeheartedly.

C.Finding the balance of the positive and the negative.

D.Understanding the true meaning and happiness of life.

二、語(yǔ)言汲取

（一）與人生或生活相關(guān)的表達(dá)

1.人生的曲折和不確定性

roller coaster ride 過(guò)山車(chē)之旅

twists and turns 曲折

ups and downs 起起落落

uncertainty 不確定性

discouraging 令人泄氣的

2.人生的挑戰(zhàn)和克服障礙

challenge 挑戰(zhàn)

detour 彎路

setback 挫折

moments of doubt 疑惑的時(shí)刻

have faith in oneself 對(duì)自己有信心

remarkable individuals 卓越的個(gè)體

conquer obstacles 克服障礙

tough times 艱難時(shí)期

the darkest hours 最黑暗的時(shí)刻

3.人生的目標(biāo)和夢(mèng)想

purpose 目標(biāo)

dream 夢(mèng)想

4.人生的喜悅和失望

playground 游樂(lè)場(chǎng)

joy and disappointment 快樂(lè)和失望

triumph and victories 勝利和成功

stumble and fall 跌倒和失敗

5.人生的支持和堅(jiān)韌

support system 支持系統(tǒng)

light shines the brightest 光芒最閃耀

power of optimism 樂(lè)觀的力量

6.人生的歡樂(lè)和成長(zhǎng)

smile and twinkle in your eyes 微笑和眼中的閃光

laughter 笑聲

setbacks as opportunities 作為機(jī)會(huì)的挫折

7.人生的平衡和智慧

balance of highs and lows 高潮和低谷的平衡

misfortune and happiness 不幸和幸福

unwavering optimism and resilience 堅(jiān)定的樂(lè)觀和堅(jiān)韌的個(gè)性

joy in every triumph 在每一次勝利中的快樂(lè)

wisdom in every challenge 在每一次挑戰(zhàn)中的智慧

true fortune and happiness 真正的幸運(yùn)和幸福

（二）多樣化的修辭

1.I stand before you today, not as your principal, but as a fellow traveler on the roller coaster ride of life.我今天站在你們面前，不是作為你們的校長(zhǎng)，而是作為人生過(guò)山車(chē)之旅上的一個(gè)同行者。

本句使用了比喻手法，將人生比喻為過(guò)山車(chē)之旅，突出了生活中的起伏和不確定性，以及演講者自身與學(xué)生的共同旅程。

2.And so,my message to you is this:I wish you misfortune and happiness.因此，我對(duì)你們的寄語(yǔ)是：祝你們既有不幸也有幸福。

本句使用了矛盾修辭，表達(dá)了對(duì)學(xué)生們既能經(jīng)歷生活的曲折與挫折，也能獲得幸福與成功的祝愿。

3.Life is like a playground, my young graduates.We swing back and forth between laughter and tears,joy and disappointment.生活就像一個(gè)游樂(lè)場(chǎng)，親愛(ài)的畢業(yè)生們。我們?cè)谛β暫蜏I水、歡樂(lè)和失望之間來(lái)回?fù)u擺。

本句使用了比喻手法，將生活比喻為游樂(lè)場(chǎng)，生動(dòng)形象地描述了人們?cè)谏钪胁粩嘟?jīng)歷喜悅與失落的過(guò)程。

4.But trust in the process, have faith in yourselves, and never lose sight of your dreams.但要相信過(guò)程，對(duì)自己有信心，永遠(yuǎn)不要失去對(duì)夢(mèng)想的追求。

本句使用了排比和押韻，強(qiáng)調(diào)了相信過(guò)程和對(duì)自己有信心的重要性，呼吁畢業(yè)生堅(jiān)持追求夢(mèng)想。

5.Lean on your friends, family, and mentors who believe in you.Remember, it's during the darkest hours that the light shines the brightest.依靠相信你們的朋友、家人和導(dǎo)師。記住，在最黑暗的時(shí)刻，光芒才會(huì)最閃耀。

本句通過(guò)對(duì)比修辭手法，強(qiáng)調(diào)了在困難時(shí)刻，親人和支持者的重要性，并傳達(dá)了在黑暗中，希望和光芒會(huì)顯得更加耀眼的信息。

6.May you overcome the uncertainties that life presents with unwavering optimism and unwavering resilience.May you find joy in every triumph and wisdom in every challenge.May you eventually understand and find true fortune and happiness in the future.愿你們能以堅(jiān)定的樂(lè)觀和堅(jiān)韌的韌性克服生活帶來(lái)的不確定性。愿你們?cè)诿總€(gè)勝利中找到歡樂(lè)，在每個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)中找到智慧。愿你們最終理解并在未來(lái)找到真正的幸運(yùn)和快樂(lè)。

本句使用了排比，簡(jiǎn)潔而有力地傳遞了校長(zhǎng)對(duì)畢業(yè)生們的美好祝愿。

（三）精彩表達(dá)

1.But rest assured, my dear students, for it is through adversity that we find our inner strength and resilience.放心吧，親愛(ài)的學(xué)生們，正是通過(guò)逆境，我們才能找到內(nèi)在的力量和韌性。

本句使用的是“It be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that...”結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分可以是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)以及表語(yǔ)等。

2.The beauty of life lies in our ability to rise again, brushing off the dirt, and embracing life with renewed vigor.生活的美麗在于我們能夠再次崛起，拂去塵土，以新的活力擁抱生活。

本句中，brushing off the dirt,and embracing life with renewed vigor 為并列的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。

3.Embrace life's uncertainty with a smile on your face and a twinkle in your eyes, for laughter is a powerful weapon against the challenges that lie ahead.含笑面對(duì)生活的不確定性，眼中閃爍著光芒，因?yàn)樾β暿菍?duì)抗未來(lái)挑戰(zhàn)的強(qiáng)大武器。

本句中，for 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句；that 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為the challenges。

三、句式仿寫(xiě)

1.正是我們的朋友和家人的愛(ài)與支持幫助我們度過(guò)最艱難的時(shí)刻。

_______________________________the love and support of our friends and family_______________________________.

2.當(dāng)你們踏上新的旅程時(shí)，愿你們遇到無(wú)盡的機(jī)遇，勇敢抓住它們，始終追求個(gè)人的成長(zhǎng)與成就。

As you embark on your new journey, may you encounter endless opportunities and have the courage to seize them, _______________________________.

3.當(dāng)我們互相告別時(shí)，讓我們帶上那些已經(jīng)注入我們內(nèi)心的價(jià)值觀和原則，知道它們將引導(dǎo)我們走向成功和成就。

As we bid farewell to each other, let us carry with us the values and principles_______________________________,knowing that they will guide us towards success and fulfillment.

四、寫(xiě)作實(shí)踐

假定你是高三學(xué)生李華，在畢業(yè)典禮上，你將在即將畢業(yè)的高三同學(xué)們面前發(fā)表一次畢業(yè)演講，請(qǐng)你就此寫(xiě)一篇演講稿。內(nèi)容包括：

1.回憶高中生活；

2.表達(dá)祝福。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)80左右；

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3.至少需要使用兩個(gè)前文中解析過(guò)的句式和一種修辭。

Dear soon-to-be graduates,

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

Thank you,and best wishes.

評(píng)價(jià)導(dǎo)思

A self-assessment checklist for my graduation speech reading&writing

1.我的演講稿包含了合適的主題和相關(guān)觀點(diǎn)?！鮕es □No

2.我的演講稿內(nèi)容具有邏輯性和層次感。□Yes □No

3.我的演講稿能夠引起聽(tīng)眾的興趣和共鳴?！鮕es □No

4.我的演講稿有一個(gè)引人入勝的開(kāi)頭?！鮕es □No

5.我的演講稿有清晰的主體段落和一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的結(jié)尾?！鮕es □No

6.我的演講稿避免了跳躍式的思維和斷裂的句子?！鮕es □No

7.我的演講稿使用了簡(jiǎn)練、生動(dòng)和具有表現(xiàn)力的語(yǔ)言。□Yes □No

8.我的演講稿使用了能調(diào)動(dòng)受眾參與的互動(dòng)性語(yǔ)言?！鮕es □No

9.我的演講稿注意了語(yǔ)法和拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤，語(yǔ)言形象且準(zhǔn)確?！鮕es □No

10.為了閱讀和寫(xiě)作更多類(lèi)型的演講稿，我需要________。

□自省寫(xiě)作 □提升語(yǔ)言 □多評(píng)價(jià)反饋 □其他

______________________________________________