記敘文是初中英語書面表達中最為常見的文體之一。它以敘述和描寫為主要表達方式。對此,筆者總結(jié)了寫記敘文時的注意事項、常用句型,以期對同學們的寫作有所幫助。
【注意事項】
(1)人稱的統(tǒng)一。寫記敘文多使用第一或第三人稱。第一人稱,以“我”為視角,描述自己的所見、所聞、所思、所感;第三人稱,則是描述他人的故事或經(jīng)歷。在動筆寫作前,同學們要注意人稱的統(tǒng)一,弄清楚是寫自己的故事,還是寫他人的經(jīng)歷,從而明確人稱,避免混淆。
(2)時態(tài)的變化。動詞的時態(tài)并不是一成不變的。在進行記敘文寫作時,同學們要注意時態(tài)的變化。一般來說,若是描述過去發(fā)生的事情,應用一般過去時;若是描述過去某個時間正在進行的動作,則用過去進行時;若是描述過去的事對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響,則用現(xiàn)在完成時。
(3)文章的布局。記敘文寫作通常包括時間、地點、人物、起因、經(jīng)過、結(jié)果六個要素。當然這些要素并非全部要交代清楚。在寫作前,同學們要注意謀篇布局,緊扣提示要點,抓住敘述的重點,構思好文章的順序和結(jié)構,這樣寫作時自然就能有條不紊,有詳有略。
(4)內(nèi)容的連貫。在寫記敘文時,同學們不能東一榔頭,西一棒子,要注意內(nèi)容的關聯(lián)性和句子間的銜接過渡,從而確保所寫文章能夠銜接自然,連貫通暢,邏輯清晰。
【常用句型】
Looking back on the past,everyone hadsome unforgettable things.
回顧過去,每個人都有一些難以忘懷的事。
In childhood, there were many memorable things. What impressed me most was …
在我的童年里,有許多難忘的事。最讓我印象深刻的是……
That was my first time that…It created alasting impression on me.
那是我第一次……它給我留下了持久的印象。
However,there is one thing that I still remember clearly up till now.
然而,有一件事直到現(xiàn)在我仍記憶猶新。
From this experience,I have learned that…
從這次經(jīng)歷中,我學到了……
After this matter,I have realized/under-stood that…
經(jīng)過這件事,我意識到/明白了……
【習題演練】
初中三年,我們都有一些難以忘懷的經(jīng)歷。某校英語俱樂部將組織題為“An Unfor-gettable Experience”的征文比賽,請根據(jù)如下提示,寫一篇短文參賽。要點:
(1)What was the experience?
(2)What have you learned from it?
分析:通過審題,我們不難看出這是一篇記敘文。寫作時,要注意如下幾點:
一是人稱和時態(tài)。該書面表達主要描述自己的經(jīng)歷,故人稱應以第一人稱為主;在描述自己過去難以忘懷的經(jīng)歷時,要使用一般過去時,在總結(jié)從經(jīng)歷中學到什么時,宜用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。
二是段落的安排,該文以三段為宜,第一段:開門見山地提出難忘的經(jīng)歷;第二段:詳細地描述這次難忘的經(jīng)歷,包括時間、地點、人物、經(jīng)過等;第三段:談談自己從該經(jīng)歷中獲得的感悟。
【參考范文】
An Unforgettable Experience
Looking back on the past three years,ev-eryone had some unforgettable experiences.And one of my most memorable experience is paying a visit to the nursing home and taking care of the aged people here.
Last winter vacation,our class organized an activity called“caring for the old people”.As soon as we got the nursing home,we send our best regards to them.Then,we gave them the prepared gifts and talked with them happily.Some of us sang songs to make them relaxed,while others told jokes to amuse them.The old people were so pleased that they burst out laughing.Atlast,we helped them clean up and tidy the rooms and forged close bonds with them.
From this exciting experience,I have learned that young people should pay more attention to the old people.To speak frankly,they need not only material satisfaction,but also spiritual companionship.Let’s start from now on,give more care and love to the person of advanced age around us.