俄羅斯莫斯科

業(yè)主單位：Sergey Gordeev

設計單位：約翰·麥卡蘭建筑事務所

執(zhí)行建筑師：ADM

開發(fā)商：何露斯資本

施工單位：MEBE建筑施工公司

建筑面積：70 000平方米

竣工年份：2009年

項目攝影：Hufton + Crow

Client： Sergey Gordeev

Architects： John McAslan + Partners

Executive Architect： ADM

Developer： Horus Capital

Contractor： MEBE Construction

Area： 70 000 m2

Year： 2009

Photographs： Hufton+Crow

斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基工廠是約翰·麥卡蘭建筑事務所在莫斯科第一個完成的項目，并已榮獲多個獎項，其中包括曾獎給俄羅斯項目的第一個RIBA獎。該設計已獲得廣泛的贊譽，也為莫斯科歷史建筑的創(chuàng)新和再造提供了新的標準。斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基工廠與再造的歷史元素及新的干預措施相聯(lián)系，成為了莫斯科新的文化旅游勝地。斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基工廠最初于19世紀由俄羅斯領先的工業(yè)和文化業(yè)資助者籌建。這個復雜的商業(yè)和文化綜合體項目由13棟建筑組成，包括30 000平方米的辦公空間和60套豪華公寓以及一間餐廳。

該地歷史獨特，包括由演員康斯坦丁·斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基所建的一間戲院。他是原業(yè)主的兒子，發(fā)明了著名的方法演技系統(tǒng)。該劇院因舉行契訶夫的“櫻桃園”首演而聞名并經(jīng)翻新重建，成為了莫斯科文化活動的新焦點。

該場地的再開發(fā)從一開始就被視為是一個建筑和城市景觀方案。該項目完全集成的景觀設計——也是由該事務所設計的——無縫地連接組成元素，將整個開發(fā)融為一體。通過將景觀與建筑元素在物理上和視覺上相結(jié)合，創(chuàng)造了一個具有社會滲透性的場地——這是莫斯科的一個全新概念，這里的大多數(shù)開發(fā)項目都是封閉的。

該項目是在施工和使用過程中可持續(xù)發(fā)展的典范。該設計支持低能耗、精心設計的建筑物，而非過分煞費苦心設計的環(huán)境系統(tǒng)。斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基工廠內(nèi)的新建筑最大限度地利用自然光，同時通過智能控制景觀、陽光和建筑方向最大限度減少太陽能增益。

該設計不僅考慮了夏季的情況，也考慮到了俄羅斯冬天惡劣天氣的影響，采用了包括高度保暖覆層、屋頂襯里以及三層玻璃和高品質(zhì)裝飾品在內(nèi)的簡單、成本效益高的措施。景觀中的所有照明都通過光電傳感器提供，并提出了一些可再生技術(shù)試驗，包括風力渦輪機、雨水回收和光伏裝置，在分析結(jié)果后，這些技術(shù)將整合到整個場地。

The Stanislavsky Factory is the practice's first completed project in Moscow and has already won multiple awards， including the first RIBA Award ever given to a project in Russia. The scheme has attracted widespread acclaim and is recognised as setting a new benchmark for innovative， adaptive re-use of historic buildings in Moscow. Sensitively linking refurbished historic elements and new interventions， the Stanislavsky Factory has become a new cultural destination for Moscow. Originally developed by one of Russia’s leading industrialists and cultural patrons， the Stanislavsky family， in the 19th century， this complex mixed-use business and cultural project consists of thirteen buildings including 30 000 sqm of office space and 60 luxury apartments， as well as a hotel and restaurant.

The site has an extraordinary history and includes a theatre， built by the actor Konstantin Stanislavsky， son of the original owner， and famed as the inventor of the Method acting system. This theatre is celebrated for hosting the first performance of Chekhov’s ‘Cherry Orchard’ and has been refurbished to become a new focal point of cultural activity in Moscow.

The redevelopment of this site has， from the outset， been considered as both an architectural and urban landscape scheme. The project's fully integrated landscaping – also designed by the practice – seamlessly links the constituent elements， unifying the development as a whole. By physically and visually integrating the landscape with the architectural elements， the practice has created a socially permeable site – a completely new concept in Moscow， where the majority of developments are gated.

The project is a model of sustainability both in construction and in-use. The scheme favours passive， well designed buildings rather than overly elaborate environmental systems. The new buildings within the Stanislavsky Factory maximise the use of natural daylight whilst minimising solar gain through intelligent use of landscape， brise soleils and building orientation.

The design not only considers summer conditions but also the effects of harsh Russian winters， using simple， cost-effective measures including highly insulated claddings and roof linings as well as triple glazing and high quality detailing to reduce heating costs. All lighting incorporated within the landscape is provided via photoelectric sensors and a number of renewable technology trials implementing wind turbine， rainwater recycling and PV installations are proposed， to be integrated across the site after the outcomes have been analysed.