肯尼亞凱里喬

業(yè)主單位：Diocese of Kericho

設(shè)計(jì)單位：約翰·麥卡蘭建筑事務(wù)所

執(zhí)行建筑師：Triad建筑師事務(wù)所

工程造價(jià)：Barker and Barton

電氣機(jī)械工程：EAMS

結(jié)構(gòu)工程：Eng Plan

承建商：Esteel建筑施工公司

建筑面積：2 800平方米

竣工年份：2015年

項(xiàng)目攝影：Edmund Sumner

Client： Diocese of Kericho

Architects： John McAslan + Partners

Executive Architect： Triad Architects

Quantity Surveying： Barker and Barton （Kenya）

Electrical And Mechanical Engineering： EAMS （Kenya）

Structural Engineers： Eng Plan （Kenya）

Ltd\u2028Contractor： Esteel Construction

Area： 2 800 m2

Year： 2015

Photographs： Edmund Sumner

凱里喬大教堂位于肯尼亞內(nèi)羅畢西南約250公里處，于2015年底竣工。它位于東非大裂谷以西的高地上，可欣賞整個(gè)茶園和周圍山丘的壯麗景色。該教區(qū)成立于1995年，由最受人尊敬的主教Emmanuel Okombo領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。

教堂的設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)獨(dú)特而神圣的地方，在一個(gè)巨大的統(tǒng)一屋頂下，可容納1 500名教徒坐在這里參加羅馬天主教彌撒的禮拜儀式。引人注目的斜屋頂和其上升的內(nèi)部體量——超過(guò)1 375平方米的大小——是其設(shè)計(jì)背后的關(guān)鍵特征。

主教Emmanuel特別關(guān)注擴(kuò)寬中殿，因?yàn)樗咏?，要以最大程度地促進(jìn)會(huì)眾與群眾的慶?；顒?dòng)及其高潮，即圣餐儀式。它沿著兩個(gè)側(cè)廊完全開放，以促進(jìn)自然通風(fēng)，并允許會(huì)眾在多個(gè)地點(diǎn)離開建筑，轉(zhuǎn)移到景觀露臺(tái)和花園。

我們的愿望是創(chuàng)造一種在美學(xué)和功能上都能與景觀無(wú)縫融合的結(jié)構(gòu)。大教堂的磚瓦屋頂現(xiàn)在已成為凱里喬丘陵和山谷全景中的一種獨(dú)特形式。

建筑方面的挑戰(zhàn)是確保凱里喬大教堂體現(xiàn)天主教的禮拜儀式，并以一種服務(wù)于信仰和當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)特殊品質(zhì)的方式擁抱當(dāng)?shù)氐臅?huì)眾。我們相信我們的回應(yīng)是獨(dú)特的，并且受到普遍歡迎。

巨大屋檐下的拱形上升空間參考融合了非洲和教會(huì)的歷史。教堂空間的塑造和建筑結(jié)構(gòu)的表達(dá)都非常用心和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)——石頭底座、簡(jiǎn)單的鉸接、拱形混凝土框架和木肋拱頂以一種精巧而誠(chéng)實(shí)的方式暴露在外。

該建筑采用簡(jiǎn)單的天然材料，以對(duì)這個(gè)非洲農(nóng)村社區(qū)的信仰和節(jié)儉表示敬意。除了彩色玻璃使用的玻璃板以外，所有的材料，包括用于天花板、門和家具的柏木（在凱里喬種植），以及屋頂上的粘土瓦，都是就地取材和制作的。天花板由指狀連接的柏木板條構(gòu)成，旨在適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境的高濕度。

用于圣殿的花崗巖來(lái)自肯尼亞，用于雕像的肥皂石來(lái)自位于凱里喬以南的基西族鎮(zhèn)。地板是用機(jī)器切割的內(nèi)羅畢藍(lán)石鋪成的。

在整個(gè)施工期間，我們一直致力于讓熟練的技工參與進(jìn)來(lái)，并提高當(dāng)?shù)氐氖┕ぜ寄?。其中一些技巧被用在大教堂?nèi)外的藝術(shù)品上，如引人注目的馬賽克。工藝技巧的使用還幫助設(shè)計(jì)完成屋頂?shù)慕烫脠D案，該屋頂由約翰·克拉克設(shè)計(jì)，由當(dāng)?shù)毓と税惭b。

建筑物復(fù)雜的幾何結(jié)構(gòu)通過(guò)肯尼亞特有的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工方法進(jìn)行調(diào)整。每個(gè)不同尺寸的結(jié)構(gòu)框架都需要復(fù)雜的混凝土澆注系統(tǒng)來(lái)完成。該建筑的外墻材料被精心挑選為水洗水磨石，以其自潔特性而聞名，并通過(guò)手工施工。平臺(tái)上的內(nèi)羅畢藍(lán)石包層由當(dāng)?shù)啬嗤呓呈止ぱb飾和固定。

可建造性和對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)刭Y源的利用是凱里喬大教堂的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)力。該項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)旨在適度的能源運(yùn)行，充分使用自然采光，維護(hù)需求少。因此，其在可持續(xù)性方面的主要影響是建造材料，以及在建造過(guò)程中采購(gòu)和管理這些材料的方式。另一個(gè)主要目標(biāo)是最大程度地減少能源消耗，從而減少建筑物的維護(hù)成本和費(fèi)用。

Completed at the end of 2015， Kericho Cathedral is located in Kenya， approximately 250km South-West of Nairobi. It lies within the Highlands， west of the Great Rift Valley， enjoying magni cent views across tea plantations and surrounding hills. The Diocese was established in 1995 with a growing congregation and is led by the Most Reverend Bishop Emmanuel Okombo.

The Cathedral’s design creates a unique and sacred place for a congregation of 1，500 seated celebrants participating in the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Mass under one giant unifying roof. The strikingly inclined roof and its ascending interior volume - over 1，375 square metres in size - are the key characteristics behind its design.

Bishop Emmanuel was particularly concerned to widen the nave as it approaches the altar to maximise the congregation’s engagement with the celebration of the Mass and its climax， the Act of Communion. It opens completely along both transepts to promote natural ventilation and allow the congregation to leave the building at multiple points and expand onto the landscaped terraces and gardens.

The aspiration was to create a structure that integrated seamlessly with its landscape setting， in both aesthetic and functional terms. The Cathedral’s tiled-roof is now a distinctive form in the rolling panorama of Kericho’s hills and valleys.

The architectural challenge has been to ensure Kericho Cathedral embodied the Catholic liturgy and embraced its local congregation in a way that serves the Faith and the special qualities of its location and community. We believe our response is distinctive and universally welcoming.

The ascending vaulted volume contained under a vast roof fuses African and ecclesiastically historic references. Care has been taken to shape the Cathedral’s space and express the building’s structure - the stone plinth， simply articulated， arched concrete frames and timber-ribbed vaulting are exposed in a strikingly crafted and honest manner.

The building’s simple palette of natural materials honours the faith and frugality of this rural African community. With the exception of the glass sheets used by the stained-glass artist， all the materials， including the Cypress timber （grown in Kericho）， which was used for the ceiling， doors and furniture， and the clay tiles in the roof， were locally resourced and fabricated. The ceiling was constructed from finger-jointed Cypress timber slats， designed to accommodate the high range of humidity of the local environment.

The granite used for the sanctuary was sourced from Kenya， and the soap stone used for the statues was sourced from the town of Kisii， located south of Kericho. The ooring was laid from the machine- cut Nairobi Blue stone.

The practice has been committed to the involvement of skilled artisan trades and the improvement of local skills throughout the construction period. Some of these skills were used in the artwork situated in and around the Cathedral such as the striking mosaic on display. In addition the use of craft skills has assisted in the design of the ecclesiastical pattern for the roof which was designed by John Clark and was installed by local labourers.

The complex geometry of the building was accommodated by an in-situ construction method specific to Kenya. The size of each structural frame required a complex pouring system for the concrete. The building’s cladding material was carefully selected as washed terrazzo， known for its self-cleaning attributes and was applied by hand. The Nairobi blue stone cladding of the podium was hand-dressed and fixed by local masons.

Buildability and the use of available local resources were key drivers for Kericho Cathedral. The project is designed to operate with modest energy， using natural daylight and few maintenance requirements. Its major impact in sustainability terms is therefore the materials with which it has been constructed， and the way they have been procured and managed through the construction process. Another key ambition was to minimise energy use， and consequently， reduce the building’s maintenance cost and obligations.