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        倫敦皇家藝術(shù)學(xué)院

        2024-01-01 00:00:00
        世界建筑導(dǎo)報(bào) 2024年3期
        關(guān)鍵詞:工場(chǎng)體量巴特

        位于巴特西的皇家藝術(shù)學(xué)院為教育、研究和創(chuàng)業(yè)提供了一種模式,探索科學(xué)、藝術(shù)和設(shè)計(jì)交叉的創(chuàng)造可能性。這是一個(gè)靈活的建筑解決方案,適應(yīng)這個(gè)擁有185年歷史的機(jī)構(gòu)不斷變化的教學(xué)和研究計(jì)劃,旨在團(tuán)結(jié)和加強(qiáng)皇家藝術(shù)學(xué)院(RCA)的設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)新和企業(yè)家精神文化。

        該場(chǎng)地占據(jù)了巴特西創(chuàng)意區(qū)現(xiàn)有RCA巴特西大樓南面的城市街區(qū)。該項(xiàng)目提供了15 500平方米的工場(chǎng)、工作室和研究空間;底層的工場(chǎng)和工業(yè)制造設(shè)施組成了沿豪伊街的四層多層工作室大樓,沿 帕克蓋特路另有一棟八層高的研究大樓。豪伊街將成為出入RCA巴特西校區(qū)的主要通道。

        工場(chǎng)和工作室大樓的磚砌結(jié)構(gòu)和大型的北向天窗為巴特西橋路呈現(xiàn)出獨(dú)特而富有質(zhì)感的輪廓;研究大樓的金屬翼片外立面為校園提供了一個(gè)獨(dú)特的天際線標(biāo)識(shí)。

        工場(chǎng)是RCA活動(dòng)的中心。工場(chǎng)空間被安排成一系列相互連接的體量,工作室空間跨越和懸空于工場(chǎng)之上,此空間囊括了工作室和研究空間的入口。街道層面的體量安排形成了一條通道,連接了豪伊街上的現(xiàn)有RCA建筑,并打通了穿過場(chǎng)地的視野,大型的窗面提供了與工場(chǎng)的視覺連接。其上懸空的工作室層體量在街道層提供了有頂棚的走道和有遮擋的座位區(qū),同時(shí)也形成了上空的陽臺(tái)和露臺(tái)。

        早先被封閉的拉德斯托克街的一部分被納入了底層;上面的工作室樓層跨越了這個(gè)空間,創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)雙層高度的 \"機(jī)庫\"——一個(gè)用于生產(chǎn)和展示大型作品的靈活區(qū)域,它的空間也足夠舉辦RCA的集會(huì)和活動(dòng)。這個(gè)空間也可以向公眾開放,形成從豪伊街到校園主要接待區(qū)的另一條通道。

        工作室樓層有一組由三個(gè)梯段組成的樓板,每個(gè)樓板包括大約2 000平方米的高質(zhì)量工作空間。這些空間包含靈活的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,可以適應(yīng)RCA的一系列項(xiàng)目。除了為室內(nèi)工作室提供基本的自然光和新鮮空氣外,混凝土樓板還向外延伸形成懸臂式的外部走廊,提供遮陽和自然通風(fēng),并為在其中工作的人提供與戶外空間的直接聯(lián)系。

        研究樓層位于底層工場(chǎng)空間之上,是一個(gè)由七層560平方米的樓層組成的立方體。與工作室樓層的原則相同,每個(gè)空間都是一個(gè)靈活的研究單位,配備了臨時(shí)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室空間。新興的研究生商業(yè)孵化器“創(chuàng)新RCA”位于5樓和6樓。7樓有一個(gè)活動(dòng)空間加露臺(tái),從這里可以向北眺望,看到RCA校園的全貌。

        該建筑已達(dá)到英國建筑性能評(píng)估體系的優(yōu)秀等級(jí)。其高效的形式結(jié)合耐用、低維護(hù)材料和可適應(yīng)的服務(wù)組織,目的在于實(shí)現(xiàn)在靈活的圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)提供合適的日光控制、絕緣和自然通風(fēng)。

        裸露的混凝土上層建筑具有高含量的水泥替代物,其質(zhì)量為被動(dòng)型室內(nèi)提供了額外的熱援助。此外,在工作室大樓的屋頂上有一個(gè)分布均勻的太陽能陣列,以減輕整體的能源負(fù)荷,設(shè)置在“藍(lán)色”和“棕色”屋頂?shù)慕M合中,以幫助滿足可持續(xù)的排水要求,并促進(jìn)更大的生物多樣性。

        The Royal College of Art campus in Battersea delivers a formula for education, research, and entrepreneurship that explores the creative possibilities at the intersection of science, the arts, and design. It is a flexible architectural solution that adapts to the constantly changing programmes of teaching and research at this 185-year-old institution, with the aim to unite and strengthen the culture of design innovation and entrepreneurialism at the Royal College of Art (RCA).

        The site occupies the urban block to the south of the existing RCA Battersea buildings within the Battersea Creative Quarter. The project delivers 15,500 sqm of workshop, studio, and research space; it is composed of a ground floor base of workshops and manufacturing facilities supporting a low-rise 4-storey Studio Building along Howie Street, and a taller 8-storey Research Building prominently located along Parkgate Road. Howie Street will become the main thoroughfare for the combined RCA Battersea Campus.

        The textured brickwork and large, north-facing clerestory lights of the workshop and studio building present a unique yet contextual profile to Battersea Bridge Road; the metal fins of the Research Building offer a distinct skyline identity for the campus.

        The workshop is the nucleus of RCA activities. Workshop spaces are arranged as a series of interconnected volumes, over which the upper studio spaces span and overhang, and incorporate the entrances to the studio and research spaces. The street level arrangement of volumes forms a passageway that connects the existing RCA buildings along Howie Street and allows for views through the site and large picture windows provide visual connections to the workshops. The overhanging volume of the studio levels above provide covered walkways and sheltered seating areas at street level, as well as balconies and terraces above.

        A portion of the previously closed-off Radstock Street is incorporated into the ground floor; upper studio floors span across this space to create a double-height “Hangar” – a flexible zone for the production and display of large-scale work that is also spacious enough to host RCA assemblies and events. This space can also be opened to the public, creating another thoroughfare from Howie Street to the main reception area of campus.

        The studio floors provide a series of three terraced floorplates, each comprising approximately 2000 sqm of high-quality workspace. These spaces contain a flexible infrastructure that can be adapted to a range of RCA programmes. In addition to the essential qualities of natural light and air supplying the indoor studios, the concrete floorplates extend to form cantilevering external galleries, providing shade and natural ventilation, and an immediate connection to the outdoors for those working within.

        The Research Building is organised above the ground floor workshops as a cubic stack of seven 560 sqm floorplates. Sharing the principles of the studio floors, each space is a flexible research unit equipped with provisional laboratory space. Innovation RCA, the burgeoning post-graduate business incubator, is located on levels 5 amp; 6. Level 7 contains an event space and terrace with views towards the North and to the rest of the RCA campus.

        The building has achieved a BREEAM Excellent rating. Its efficient form is derived to deliver the correct levels of daylight control, insulation, and natural ventilation within a flexible envelope, combined with durable, low maintenance materials and adaptable services organisation.

        The exposed concrete superstructure has a high content of cement replacement, and its mass provides additional thermal assistance to the passive interior. In addition, there is an extensive solar array located on the roof of the studio building to ease overall energy loads, set within a combination of ‘blue’ and ‘brown’ roofs to assist with sustainable drainage requirements and promote greater biodiversity.

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