MotooriNorinaga's Conception of the“Hua-Yi Order”

Liu Li

MotooriNorinaga's conception of“Hua-Yi Order”emphasizes that the quality of a country is determined a prioriby the country itself.Amongthem，“ShintoJapan”is used as the transcendental source，Japan's sustained “peace”asarepresentation，and the knowledge of Orchidology as evidence，emphasizing that Japan is not only superior to China，but also the “father of all nations”in the world，and does not exclude the use of force to fulfill.On the surface，thisidea seems to be free from the influence of Chinese civilization and shows the assertion and independence of Japanesevalues.Infact，it only replaced the “Hua”and“Yi”between China and Japan，replacedthe“Sage'sway”with“Shin-to”，and still adhered to the “center-periphery”conceptof“respecting the inner and inferioring the outer”in the logicalframework.Traditional concepts have not formed a substantive criticism of“Chinesecivilization”.Inessence，itstillbelongs to Hua-Yi thought，which is a special form of expression formed under the influence of the universal Chinesecivilization.However，itlosts the ethics of the Hua-Yi Order and emphasized force.These variations are partly consis-tent with the history of modern aggression.

A Study on the Acceptance Practice of“FamilyRites”in Edo Japan from the Perspective of “NationalGovernance”

Guo Anqi

The knowledge of“family”in Edo period is based on Zhu Zi's“FamilyRites”.Based on the need to stabilize theshogunate system and consolidate the status hierarchy，the Edo shogunate “exclusive”Zhu Zi learning and regarded itas“officiallearning”.In the process of promoting the Japanizationof“FamilyCeremony”，intellectuals re-deconstruct-ed the politics of the samurai group centered on the Tokugawa shogunate and made it more in line with the needs of theruling class and social reality.By rebuilding the order of family”unitswith“bloodties”as a collection，with the helpof curtain vassal system，the order of “blood ties group”can act on the “family state”.The core idea of“filialpiety”asa daily ritual of human relations is to honor the king by filial piety，which coincides with the samurai's“l(fā)oyalty”totheLord under the shogunate system.In order to make“l(fā)oyalty”play a better role in the political system，theTokugawashogunate took “the way of the king and the minister”as the ethical principle to adjust the relationship with the samu-rai class and the code of etiquette to manage the“stategroup”.The practice logic of“FamilyRites”occursin“makingrites by virtue of affection”，which is the result of mutual adaptation and interaction between Zhu Zixue and the systemofcurtain clan.

Prospering Asia or Prospering Japan：A Study of Toshitora Sone's China-Japan Cooperation Ideology

Liang Yixin

Following the Meiji Restoration，Japan，grounded in the principle of“China-Japan Cooperation”，enteredintothe“Sino-Japanese Friendship and Trade Treaty”，legally establishing an equitable status with China.ToshitoraSone，under the guise of the “China-Japan Cooperation”ideology，made multiple visits to China，manifesting the actualiza-tionof“advancingJapan”under the banner of“advancingAsia”His ideological framework encompasses two primarystrands：the overt logic accentuates the symbiotic relationship between China and Japan and underscores the imperativeto jointly withstand European and American influences;the covert logic involves assimilating China into the East Asianorder with Japan at its core，displaying a pronounced form of “Japanese centrism”.While Sone's application of the“China-Japan Cooperation”ideology contributed to the emergence of Sino-Japanese civil Asian entities，hisinconsis-tency between theory and practice exposed the underlying essence of aggression towards China.This also serves as areflection of the atitudes held by certain segments of the Japanese population during the Meiji era，converging with thetrajectory of Japan's governmental policies towards China.

The Historical Evolution of East Asian Higher Preparatory Schools in Modern Japan

Xie Zhongyu

The East Asian Higher Preparatory School in modern Japan is a school specialized in the preparatory educationof Chinese overseas students.In its 30 years of existence，it can be divided into three historical periods：The East AsianHigher Preparatory School in the period of Matsumoto Kamejiro，The East Asian Higher Preparatory School underthe management of the Sino-Japan Association and East Asia School.This paper analyzes and reveals the nature of theschool and the reasons for its evolution through sorting out the school-running purpose，personnelcomposition，sourcesoffunds，educational administration and other conditions of the school in each period.

The Evolution of Sovereignty Consciousness of the Korean Provisional Government during the ChongqingPeriod-Centered on Constitutional Legislation and Recognition Diplomacy

Wang Chen

In 1940，the Provisional Government of Korea relocated to Chongqing，modified the Constitution twice，and de-veloped the National Founding Program，which clarified the objective and emphasis of the postwar battle to establish asovereign and independent country.During the Chongqing period，the Provisional Government of Korea strengthenedinternal sovereignty through constitutional legislation and the centralization of military power，while establishing na-tionalindependence，international recognition of the govemment，and the development of armed forces as the basicforeignpolicy，and was committed to achieving external sovereignty through recognition diplomacy.However，thespe-cial status of the “Provisional Government”and the sovereignty established by the“RevolutionaryConstitution”hadunavoidable limitations at the time，and when combined with the fact that the major powers considered their own inter-ests and questioned the status of the Provisional Government of Korea，the diplomacy of recognition of the ProvisionalGovernment of Korea ultimately failed.

Exploring the Memory Monument of the Classical Era：ExploringHerodotus'Historical Writing of Divine Willthrough the Oracles in The Histories

Zheng Jiafu and Zhang Jianchao

Herodotus，as the “father of history”in the West，has an influential work called The Histories which is a monu-ment to the memory of the Western classical era.Herodotus had a complex atitude towards the divine will when hewroteit.He considered it both“authoritative”and“l(fā)exible”.At the same time，he regarded the “causality”and“moralimplication”of divine will as the important basis for historical interpretation.In The Histories，complying with theneeds of the times，relying on social memory，and basing on the literary traditions and theatrical techniques of the time，Herodotus constructed the divine will within the framework of“metaphysics”as an invisible principal line coexistingwith the Greco-persian Wars.

An Analysis of the Capitulary of Quierzy and the Hereditary Succession of the Noble Domains in the WestFrankish Kingdom

Zhu Junyi

The de facto hereditary succession of nobles'domains had existed for a long time in the Carolingian era，butCharles the Bald and the Carolingian monarchs before him had been decisive in the issue of hereditary succession ofnobles'domains，and after the death of Charles the Bald the Carolingian royal family declined and was unable to exerta decisive influence on this issue as it had done before.The Capitulary of Quierzy was not a groundbreaking break-through on the issue of hereditary nobility，but rather an acknowledgement of the historical facts of the past，and its rolein the hereditary nobility should not be exaggerated.

The Study of Port-Hinterland Relationships in the East Anglia Region of Modern England

Zhou Dongchen

From the 15 to the 18\"centuries，Britain began to enter the“Age of Transformation”.Its land relations，classrelations，commodity economy and social structure all underwent profound changes，and the interrelationships betweenports and hinterlands in various economic regions also changed.Norwich was the most important inland hinterlandcity in East Anglia，the traditional agricultural region of Britain，and the port Great Yarmouth was a famous fishingcenter.In the medieval period，the outer port of Great Yarmouth relying on the status of the fisheries center，morebearthe function of agricultural trade，is the center of the port-hinterland relationship at this time.In the modern era，asthewoolen textile industry in Norwich gradually developed into a pillar industry，the city's role as an industrial center of itshinterland began to take effect.The study of the port-hinterland relationship represented by Norwich in moderm times isan excellent example of the transformation of the traditional cities of Britain before the industrial revolution and in theearly modern period.

A Study on the Effect of the Secularization Reform in Mexican Education during the 19 Century

Jiang Shixue and Wu Sunpeijing

The secularization process centered on the separation of religion and state has brought profound impacts to Mex-icansociety，with education emerging as a key driving force in this process.During the 19\"century，post-independenceMexico went through three distinct stages in the process of secularizing education reform：the establishment of ideas，the consolidation of centralization，and the establishment of a secular education system.By the late 19\"and early 20centuries，secularization of education was formally incorporated into national education laws and the Mexican constitu-tion，becoming the primary principle and agenda of national education，thus initiating a period of rapid modernizationin Mexican educational history.Despite challenges such as limited policy implementation due to the federal system，lack of policy coherence and progression due to political instability，and depletion of the national treasury due to set-backs in social and industrial development，obstinacy from religious forces and indigenous uprisings，secularizationofeducation still llowed the Mexican education system to break free from past constraints and embark on a path of great-er freedom and diversity.This process nurtured individuals with moderm knowledge and critical thinking skills，shapinga unique national identity and cultural matrix.

Military Mobilization and Effectiveness of the Johnson Administration during the Vietnam War

Wang Li

The Vietnam War was the costliest U.S.military intervention overseas during the Cold War.In order to safeguardthe escalation strategy，the Johnson administration mobilized young people to enlist in the military through conscriptionand military security policies，and at the same time portrayed the United States as a champion of“nationalsecurity，”“international order，”and“defendingfreedom”throughspeeches，pamphlets，and news reports.While the initiativesstimulated the patriotic passion of American youth and their enthusiasm to participate in the war，and enhanced theAmerican public's psychological recognition of the Vietnam War policy，there were also problems of over-glorificationof the U.S.national image and exaggeration of the righteousness of U.S.militaryactions.When its image of the Viet-nam War did not correspond to the real situation，especially when the U.S.military's personal experience in Vietnamconflicted with its propaganda discourse，the effect of the government's propaganda on the war was greatly reduced，and seriously affected the support for the war by the U.S.government and the public，which made the Johnson admin-istration's strategy of escalating the war unsustainable.

The Disintegration of Economic Cooperation between the United States and the Soviet Union and theHegemonization of the Dollar from the Perspective of the Bretton Woods System

Li Liming

From the perspective of the establishment of the Bretton Woods system，there is a certain degree of historicalcontingency in the post-war economic relations between the United States and the Soviet Union from cooperationtodecoupling.The compromise between the United States and the Soviet Union on the establishment of the BrettonWoods system during the war laid a good foundation for the economic cooperation between the United States and theSoviet Union after the war.However，after the war，the United States used loan assistance as an economic lever to beattheSoviet Union，which eventually refused to join the Bretton Woods system to fight back against the United States.The Soviet Union's withdrawal from the Bretton Woods system had two major effects：First，it stimulated the UnitedStates to take the initiative to decouple from the Soviet economy;Second，it gives the United States the power andspace to build the BrettonWoods system into a hegemonic monetary system.

Supplementary Argument on the Prototype of Drunken Elder Figure on the Camel Figurines Unearthed fromZhuYizhangTombs of the Sui Dynasty in Xi'an

ZhuYizhang

Among those pottery camels which were unearthed from tombs of the Sui dynasty in Xi'an，several of thempaintedwith“two attendants holding the drunkard”on the bags.Regarding the identity of the drunkard，there are Dio-nysus the Greek god of wine，Heracles，Silenus or Satyr，and Kubera the god of wealth of ancient India，DionysusandSilenus are the main ones.This study does not intend to restate the existing research results in the academic field，butfocus on the eastward spread of Greek Dionysian culture and the evolution of figures of Dionysus and Silenus throughtime and space，and supplements the deficiencies of existing research to affirm the prototype of the drunkard is Silenus.

Japan's Perception of Egypt during the Meiji Period and Its Influence

Cao Daohan

Throughout the entire Meiji period，the“orientalcountry”Egypt remained a topic of political discussion in Japan.Beginning in the 1870s，in order to resolve the issue of consular jurisdiction，the Japanese began to pay attention to themixed courts in Egypt and gradually gained a deeper understanding of the country.After the British occupied Egypt，the need to avoid becoming a second Egypt fueled the spread of the story of Egypt's downfall in Japan.Followingits victories in the First Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War，Japan moved from learning the hard lessonsof Egypt to focusing on British colonial rule in Egypt and learning from that experience.Overall，Japan'sperceptionof Egypt has changed along with its international stance.In the late 19\"and early 20#centuries，during a tumultuousworld，Japan was able to rapidly enter the process of modernization within Asia，in part due to cultural exchange andmutuallearning.These historical experiences are worthy of careful reflection.This historical period also helps us rec-ognize the overlooked role ofAfrica in global historical interactions.