王瀧銳,隋子奇,章燕飛,徐樹明
hsa_circ_0000437與危險因素對胃癌患者術(shù)后 復(fù)發(fā)的影響
王瀧銳,隋子奇,章燕飛,徐樹明
浙江大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬第二醫(yī)院臨平院區(qū)消化科,浙江杭州 311100
探究血清環(huán)狀RNA hsa_circ_0000437水平與危險因素的交互作用對胃癌患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的影響。選取浙江大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬第二醫(yī)院臨平院區(qū)2019年6月至2020年12月收治的118例胃癌患者為研究對象。根據(jù)胃癌患者術(shù)后是否復(fù)發(fā)分為復(fù)發(fā)組和未復(fù)發(fā)組。比較兩組患者血清hsa_circ_0000437水平及臨床資料。采用多因素Logistic回歸分析影響胃癌患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)危險因素及血清hsa_circ_0000437水平在兩組患者間的差異,并使用相乘和相加模型進行血清hsa_circ_0000437與其他胃癌術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)風(fēng)險因素的關(guān)聯(lián)強度和交互作用分析。118例胃癌患者中54例患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā),術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)率為45.76%。復(fù)發(fā)組患者病理分化程度、合并癥種類、漿膜浸潤、淋巴結(jié)數(shù)目、淋巴結(jié)清掃范圍分布與未復(fù)發(fā)組差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(<0.05);復(fù)發(fā)組腫瘤直徑大于未復(fù)發(fā)組(<0.05);血清hsa_circ_0000437水平高于未復(fù)發(fā)組(<0.05)。Logistic回歸分析顯示,腫瘤直徑(大)、病理分化程度(低)、漿膜浸潤(有)及血清hsa_circ_0000437水平(高)均是影響胃癌患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的危險因素(<0.05)。交互作用分析結(jié)果顯示,血清hsa_circ_0000437(高)和腫瘤直徑(大)對胃癌患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)具有相加交互作用(=11.144,95%:2.257~18.145),超額危險度(excess relative risk,)=5.844,95%:1.264~11.357,交互作用歸因比(attributable proportion due to interaction,)=0.524,95%:0.236~0.891,交互作用指數(shù)(interaction index,)=2.359,95%:1.024~6.577。血清hsa_circ_0000437(高)和病理分化程度(低)對胃癌患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)具有相加交互作用(=7.083,95%:4.372~13.159;=2.841,95%:1.152~6.339;=0.351,95%:0.188~0.754;=1.670,95%:1.006~4.351)。血清hsa_circ_0000437(高)與漿膜浸潤對胃癌患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)具有相加交互作用(=7.157,95%:3.759~12.046;=4.067,95%:1.378~9.466;=0.568,95%:0.221~0.961;=2.947,95%:1.128~8.319)。血清hsa_circ_0000437水平(高)與腫瘤直徑(大)、病理分化程度(低)、漿膜浸潤(有)對胃癌患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)具有相加交互作用。
胃癌;血清環(huán)狀RNA;危險因素分析;交互作用
早期胃癌患者常無明顯癥狀,易被忽視[1-2];晚期胃癌患者可出現(xiàn)上腹飽脹不適、食欲下降、消瘦、貧血、胸骨后疼痛或吞咽困難等癥狀[3-4]。胃癌的治療主要包括胃大部或全胃切除+淋巴結(jié)清掃根治手術(shù)、新輔助放化療、靶向治療等[5]。近年來,手術(shù)治療已成為胃癌患者的最重要治療方式。根治性手術(shù)通過將癌灶整塊切除,是目前可能治愈胃癌的唯一治療手段[6];但胃癌根治術(shù)后患者仍存在約60.8%的復(fù)發(fā)風(fēng)險,導(dǎo)致患者預(yù)后不良,病死率較高[7]。因此,探討胃癌術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)危險因素,早期識別胃癌患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)風(fēng)險對胃癌患者后續(xù)康復(fù)具有積極意義。血清hsa_circ_0000437是一種參與多種疾病發(fā)生與發(fā)展的特異性指標(biāo),其水平變化是否與胃癌患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)存在聯(lián)系尚不明確[8]。鑒于此,本研究以胃癌患者為研究對象,探究血清hsa_circ_0000437與危險因素的交互作用對胃癌患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的影響,為胃癌的治療方案的制定提供參考。
選取浙江大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬第二醫(yī)院臨平院區(qū)2019年6月至2020年12月收治的118例胃癌患者為研究對象,其中男78例,女40例;年齡56~78歲,平均(65.44±3.90)歲;合并癥:糖尿病46例,高血壓41例,高脂血癥45例,低鉀血癥40例;腫瘤直徑3.0~7.8cm,平均(5.12±1.18)cm。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①符合《胃癌多學(xué)科綜合治療協(xié)作組診療模式專家共識》[9]中胃癌的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn);②經(jīng)病理學(xué)檢查確診為胃癌,并接受相關(guān)手術(shù)治療;③完成24個月隨訪;④臨床診療及隨訪資料完整;⑤患者自愿簽署知情同意書。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①合并嚴(yán)重其他系統(tǒng)疾病或嚴(yán)重感染;②僅接受姑息性手術(shù)治療;③圍手術(shù)期死亡;④伴有精神障礙。本研究經(jīng)杭州市臨平區(qū)第一人民醫(yī)院倫理委員會批準(zhǔn)(倫理審批號:臨平一院倫2020論第011號)。
1.2.1 血清hsa_circ_0000437水平檢測 取患者空腹外周靜脈血4ml,經(jīng)常規(guī)處理后獲得血清,采用實時熒光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,RT-qPCR)檢測血清hsa_circ_0000437水平。
1.2.2 資料收集 收集可能影響胃癌患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的臨床和病理資料,包括性別、年齡,腫瘤直徑、病理分化程度、腫瘤原發(fā)位置,腫瘤浸潤深度、漿膜浸潤、淋巴結(jié)浸潤數(shù)目,手術(shù)淋巴結(jié)清掃范圍、合并癥種類、血清hsa_circ_0000437水平等。
1.2.3 隨訪及分組 患者出院后隨訪24個月,以門診就診及電話隨訪為主,每3~6個月進行一次胸部和全腹部增強CT檢查,每12個月進行一次胃鏡檢查,CT發(fā)現(xiàn)復(fù)發(fā)征象者,即時行胃鏡檢查和活檢診斷;隨訪截至2022年12月31日,記錄終點事件:患者經(jīng)胃鏡、影像學(xué)檢查或手術(shù)病理檢查提示胃癌復(fù)發(fā)。根據(jù)是否發(fā)生終點事件將所有入組患者分為復(fù)發(fā)組(54例)和未復(fù)發(fā)組(64例)。
復(fù)發(fā)組患者的性別、年齡、腫瘤原發(fā)位置、腫瘤浸潤深度與未復(fù)發(fā)組比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(>0.05)。復(fù)發(fā)組患者的腫瘤直徑、病理分化程度、合并癥種類、漿膜浸潤、淋巴結(jié)浸潤數(shù)目、淋巴結(jié)清掃范圍及血清hsa_circ_0000437水平與未復(fù)發(fā)組比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(<0.05),見表1。
通過受試者操作特征曲線(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲線)的約登指數(shù)明確表1中有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義的連續(xù)變量的最佳截斷值,以最佳截斷值為分界點轉(zhuǎn)為二分類變量進行多因素分析,見表2。
表1 兩組患者的臨床資料比較
表2 連續(xù)變量的最佳截斷值
腫瘤直徑(大)、病理分化程度(低)、漿膜浸潤(有)及血清hsa_circ_0000437水平(高)均是影響胃癌患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的危險因素(<0.05)。淋巴結(jié)清掃范圍(≥D2)是保護因素(<0.05),見表3。
以胃癌患者是否術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)為因變量,以血清hsa_circ_0000437(高)、腫瘤直徑(大)及二者乘積,血清hsa_circ_0000437(高)、病理分化程度(低)及二者乘積,血清hsa_circ_0000437(高)、漿膜浸潤及二者乘積為自變量,進行多因素Logistic回歸分析。結(jié)果顯示,血清hsa_circ_0000437(高)×腫瘤直徑(大)、血清hsa_circ_0000437(高)×病理分化程度(低)、血清hsa_circ_0000437(高)×漿膜浸潤對胃癌患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)均不存在相乘交互作用(>0.05),見表4。
以胃癌患者是否術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)為因變量,以血清hsa_circ_0000437(高)、腫瘤直徑(大)、病理分化程度、漿膜浸潤為自變量,進行多因素Logistic回歸分析,結(jié)果顯示,血清hsa_circ_0000437(高)和腫瘤直徑(大)、血清hsa_circ_0000437(高)和病理分化程度(低)、血清hsa_circ_0000437(高)與漿膜浸潤對胃癌患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)具有相加交互作用,見表5。
表3 胃癌患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)影響因素的多因素Logistic回歸分析
表4 血清hsa_circ_0000437水平與危險因素的相乘交互作用
表5 血清hsa_circ_0000437水平與危險因素的相加交互作用
血清hsa_circ_0000437(高)病理分化程度(低)回歸系數(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤Waldχ2OR(95%CI)P 是是1.9581.24622.4677.083(4.372~13.159)<0.001 是否1.7030.88513.7025.488(2.012~8.315)0.002 否是6.0202.3756.4273.402(1.471~5.128)0.011
血清hsa_circ_0000437(高)漿膜浸潤回歸系數(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤Waldχ2OR(95%CI)P 是是2.8700.17810.6527.157(3.759~12.046)0.011 是否1.9680.2708.5382.388(1.476~4.204)0.009 否是1.3560.3745.0291.701(1.001~2.687)0.024
血清hsa_circ_0000437水平危險因素RERI(95%CI)AP(95%CI)S(95%CI) 血清hsa_circ_0000437(高)腫瘤直徑(大)5.844(1.264~11.357)0.524(0.236~0.891)2.359(1.024~6.577) 血清hsa_circ_0000437(高)病理分化程度(低)2.841(1.152~6.339)0.351(0.188~0.754)1.670(1.006~4.351) 血清hsa_circ_0000437(高)漿膜浸潤4.067(1.378~9.466)0.568(0.221~0.961)2.947(1.128~8.319)
胃癌根治術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)率較高是導(dǎo)致胃癌患者預(yù)后差的重要原因,復(fù)發(fā)后患者生存期大大縮短,極大威脅患者的生命安全[12-13];劉苗等[14]研究顯示,部分接受根治性手術(shù)的胃癌患者在2年內(nèi)復(fù)發(fā);本研究118例患者中54例術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā),術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)率達(dá)45.76%,因此,明確影響胃癌患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的危險因素,對早期干預(yù)、改善胃癌患者預(yù)后、提高患者生存期意義重大。
本研究單因素分析結(jié)果顯示腫瘤直徑更大、分化程度更低、合并癥種類更多、有漿膜浸潤、淋巴結(jié)浸潤數(shù)目多及血清hsa_circ_0000437水平高的胃癌患者術(shù)后更易復(fù)發(fā)。Logistic回歸分析顯示,腫瘤直徑(大)、病理分化程度(低)、漿膜浸潤(有)及血清hsa_circ_0000437水平(高)均是影響胃癌患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的危險因素。分析其原因:①腫瘤直徑一定程度上反映胃癌發(fā)展進程,直徑越大,對癌周淋巴結(jié)的侵襲能力越強,更易浸潤周邊組織,導(dǎo)致淋巴結(jié)浸潤轉(zhuǎn)移的風(fēng)險也越高;另外,癌細(xì)胞穿透漿膜層后,進入腹腔進而發(fā)生種植或轉(zhuǎn)移,增加周圍組織被侵犯的風(fēng)險,進而增加胃癌患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的風(fēng)險[15-17]。②高分化腫瘤組織侵襲性低,生長緩慢,轉(zhuǎn)移能力弱;反之,低分化腫瘤惡性度較高,癌細(xì)胞生長迅速,且侵襲能力更強,易于轉(zhuǎn)移擴散,加之手術(shù)在一定程度上對患者造成傷害,加重身體負(fù)擔(dān),可能會提高患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的風(fēng)險[18-20]。③癌癥患者身體各項功能較正?;颊呦陆?,機體對外界致病因素的抵抗力相對較弱,所以胃癌患者多合并各種基礎(chǔ)疾病,如糖尿病、高血壓、高脂血癥、低鉀血癥等,合并癥種類在2種以上的胃癌患者更易合并營養(yǎng)不良,加重患者免疫失衡,一定程度上影響患者的預(yù)后,增加術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)風(fēng)險[21-22]。本研究中血清hsa_circ_0000437水平的異常升高會增加胃癌患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)風(fēng)險。此結(jié)果與Li等[23]研究結(jié)果一致,其可歸因于hsa_circ_0000437過表達(dá)刺激胃癌細(xì)胞增殖,并通過強化上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化進程加強癌細(xì)胞侵襲能力,從而增加術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)風(fēng)險[24]。因此,對低分化胃癌、合并癥較多、腫瘤直徑較大及血清hsa_circ_0000437水平較高的患者,應(yīng)綜合考慮患者情況,采取最佳的治療方案,以降低術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的風(fēng)險,改善患者預(yù)后。
綜上所述,腫瘤直徑(大)、病理分化程度(低)、漿膜浸潤(有)及血清hsa_circ_0000437水平(高)均是影響胃癌患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的危險因素,血清hsa_circ_0000437(高)與腫瘤直徑(大)、病理分化程度(低)、漿膜浸潤(有)對胃癌患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)具有相加交互作用。
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Effect of hsa_circ_0000437 and risk factors on postoperative recurrence in patients with gastric cancer
Department of Digestive, Linping District, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311100, Zhejiang, China
To explore the effect of interaction between serum circular RNA hsa_circ_0000437 level and risk factors on postoperative recurrence in patients with gastric cancer.A total of 118 patients with gastric cancer admitted to Linping District, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from June 2019 to December 2020 were selected as the study objects. Patients with gastric cancer were divided into recurrence group and non-recurrence group according to whether they had recurrence after operation. The serum hsa_circ_0000437 level and clinical data of the two groups were compared. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors affecting postoperative recurrence in patients with gastric cancer and the differences in serum hsa_circ_0000437 levels between the two groups, and the correlation strength and interaction between serum hsa_circ_0000437 and other risk factors for postoperative recurrence of gastric cancer were performed using the multiplicative and additive models.A total of 54 of 118 patients with gastric cancer recurred after operation, and the recurrence rate was 45.76%. There were significant differences between the recurrence group and the non-recurrence group in the degree of pathological differentiation, types of complications, serous infiltration, number of lymph nodes and distribution of lymph node dissection (<0.05). The tumor diameter of recurrent group was higher than that of non-recurrent group (<0.05). The serum hsa_circ_0000437 level was higher than that of the non-recurrence group (<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that tumor diameter (large), pathological differentiation degree (low), serous membrane infiltration (present) and serum hsa_circ_0000437 level (high) were all risk factors for postoperative recurrence in gastric cancer patients (<0.05). Interaction analysis results showed that serum hsa_circ_0000437 (high) and tumor diameter (large) had additive interaction on postoperative recurrence in patients with gastric cancer (=11.144, 95%: 2.257?18.145), excess relative risk ()=5.844, 95%: 1.264?11.357, attributable proportion due to interaction () =0.524, 95%: 0.236?0.891, interaction index ()=2.359, 95%: 1.024?6.577. Serum hsa_circ_0000437 (high) and pathological differentiation (low) had additive interaction on postoperative recurrence of gastric cancer patients (=7.083, 95%: 4.372?13.159;=2.841, 95%: 1.152?6.339;=0.351, 95%: 0.188?0.754;=1.670, 95%: 1.006?4.351). Serum hsa_circ_0000437 (high) and serous infiltration had a summative interaction on postoperative recurrence in patients with gastric cancer (=7.157, 95%: 3.759?12.046;=4.067, 95%: 1.378?9.466;=0.568, 95%: 0.221?0.961;=2.947, 95%: 1.128?8.319).Serum hsa_circ_0000437 level (high) has additive interaction with tumor diameter (large), pathological differentiation degree (low) and serous membrane infiltration (present) on postoperative recurrence of gastric cancer patients.
Gastric cancer; Serum circular RNA; Risk factor analysis; Interaction
R735.2
A
10.3969/j.issn.1673-9701.2023.30.008
王瀧銳,電子信箱:1244139634@qq.com
(2023–01–23)
(2023–10–09)