鐘磊,張曉東,徐濤,楊俊,蔡昱,顧應(yīng)江
ADAMDEC1蛋白在腦膜瘤中的表達(dá)及意義
鐘磊,張曉東,徐濤,楊俊,蔡昱,顧應(yīng)江
西南醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬中醫(yī)醫(yī)院神經(jīng)外科,四川瀘州 646000
檢測腦膜瘤組織中崩解素和金屬蛋白酶結(jié)構(gòu)域樣蛋白decysin-1(a disintegrin and metalloproteases-like decysin-1,ADAMDEC1)的表達(dá),探討其與腦膜瘤病理特征的相關(guān)性。收集2015年7月至2017年12月在西南醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬中醫(yī)醫(yī)院神經(jīng)外科住院并行手術(shù)切除治療、病理診斷結(jié)果為腦膜瘤的腦膜瘤組織標(biāo)本32例,設(shè)為腦膜瘤組;同期取自重型顱腦外傷行內(nèi)外減壓術(shù)的正常腦組織標(biāo)本12例,設(shè)為對照組。應(yīng)用免疫組織化學(xué)法檢測ADAMDEC1的表達(dá)。ADAMDEC1蛋白在腦膜瘤組織中的表達(dá)顯著高于正常腦膜組織,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(<0.05)。腦膜瘤WHO分級與ADAMDEC1的表達(dá)呈正相關(guān),差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(<0.05)。腦膜瘤的侵襲性與ADAMDEC1蛋白表達(dá)呈正相關(guān),差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(<0.05)。ADAMDEC1在腦膜瘤組織中高表達(dá),其陽性表達(dá)高低與腦膜瘤WHO分級、腦膜瘤的侵襲性存在關(guān)聯(lián),ADAMDEC1可作為腦膜瘤惡性程度分級評判指標(biāo),ADAMDEC1蛋白檢測在腦膜瘤患者的診斷和預(yù)后中具有重要意義。
腦膜瘤;崩解素和金屬蛋白酶結(jié)構(gòu)域樣蛋白decysin-1;侵襲性;免疫組織化學(xué)
腦膜瘤是中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)最常見的腫瘤之一,約占腦部所有腫瘤的37%[1]。部分腦膜瘤因生長部位特殊、侵襲性生長、緊鄰重要組織結(jié)構(gòu),導(dǎo)致手術(shù)全切難度大、復(fù)發(fā)率高、預(yù)后較差,對患者生存狀況造成不利影響[2]。因此,對腦膜瘤進(jìn)行早期診斷、指導(dǎo)藥物使用、手術(shù)方案的選擇及預(yù)后評估,對改善患者生存質(zhì)量有重要意義。崩解素和金屬蛋白酶結(jié)構(gòu)域樣蛋白decysin-1(a disintegrin and metalloproteases-like decysin-1,ADAMDEC1)是一種分泌蛋白,屬于解整合素和金屬蛋白酶(a disintegrin and metalloproteases,ADAMs)家族[3]。近期研究顯示,ADAMs與神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)腫瘤有關(guān),可能參與腫瘤的形成及進(jìn)展[4-5]。隨著對腫瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展和侵襲機(jī)制的研究不斷深入,腫瘤基因靶向治療已成為腦膜瘤治療方式中新的出發(fā)點(diǎn),研究其分子機(jī)制具有重大意義。本研究通過對不同WHO分級的腦膜瘤組織的顯微鏡下觀察并檢測腦膜瘤組織及正常腦組織中ADAMDEC1的表達(dá)情況,分析ADAMDEC1在腦膜瘤中的表達(dá)與病理特征的相關(guān)性,旨在為腦膜瘤的早期診斷與治療提供新的依據(jù)。
選取西南醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬中醫(yī)醫(yī)院神經(jīng)外科2015年7月至2017年12月經(jīng)手術(shù)治療的腦膜瘤患者32例,術(shù)前均未進(jìn)行化療、放療、基因治療及免疫治療等任何治療;手術(shù)切除均達(dá)到Simpsom0、Ⅰ或Ⅱ級切除,術(shù)后病理檢測結(jié)果均提示腦膜瘤,設(shè)為腦膜瘤組。其中男12例,女20例;年齡35~80歲,平均(51.07±8.07)歲;WHO分級:WHOⅠ級16例,WHOⅡ級14例,WHOⅢ級2例;侵襲性:20例為侵襲性腦膜瘤,12例為非侵襲性腦膜瘤。同時(shí)取重型顱腦外傷行內(nèi)外減壓術(shù)的正常腦組織標(biāo)本的患者12例,設(shè)為對照組。本研究經(jīng)西南醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬中醫(yī)醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)審批通過(倫理審批號(hào):BY2022131)。患者及家屬均知情并簽署知情同意書。
所有標(biāo)本用多聚甲醛固定后進(jìn)行石蠟包埋,5μm連續(xù)切片,60℃烘烤60min后用二甲苯脫蠟,水化后行抗原修復(fù),在3%過氧化氫溶液中孵育20min,加入一抗4℃過夜。加入二抗37℃恒溫箱中孵育60min,加入二氨基聯(lián)苯胺(diaminobenzidine,DAB)顯色液,蒸餾水沖洗終止顯色。最后復(fù)染,脫水后用中性樹膠封片,顯微鏡下觀察。鼠抗人ADAMDEC1單克隆抗體、免疫組化(S-P)試劑盒、中性樹膠購自美國Bioworld公司。
采用免疫組化半定量計(jì)分法給予ADAMDEC1陽性結(jié)果判定,以顯微鏡下細(xì)胞膜或細(xì)胞質(zhì)中出現(xiàn)棕色或棕黃色顆粒為陽性細(xì)胞。①評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn):陽性腦膜瘤細(xì)胞占比:每張切片隨機(jī)選5個(gè)視野(高倍×400),其中每個(gè)視野中計(jì)數(shù)200個(gè)細(xì)胞,最后計(jì)算5×200個(gè)腦膜瘤細(xì)胞陽性占比,≤5%計(jì)0分,6%~25%計(jì)1分,26%~50%計(jì)2分,51%~75%計(jì)3分,>75%計(jì)4分。②細(xì)胞染色強(qiáng)度計(jì)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn):未顯色計(jì)0分,顯淡黃色計(jì)1分,顯黃色計(jì)2分,顯棕黃色計(jì)3分。①②兩項(xiàng)得分的乘積作為最終分:0~3分為陰性(–),3~6分為弱陽性(+),6~9分為陽性(++),9~12分為強(qiáng)陽性(+++)。染色結(jié)果均由兩位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的醫(yī)師采用雙盲法評估完成,并對兩位醫(yī)師的計(jì)分結(jié)果進(jìn)行Kappa一致性分析,結(jié)果顯示,兩位醫(yī)師的計(jì)分結(jié)果無顯著差異,具有一致性(<0.05)。
采用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理分析,計(jì)數(shù)資料以例數(shù)(百分率)[(%)]表示,成組設(shè)計(jì)兩獨(dú)立樣本比較采用Wilcoxon秩和檢驗(yàn),分類變量之間相關(guān)性分析采用Spearman秩和相關(guān)性分析,檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)設(shè)定為=0.05,<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
ADAMDEC1在對照組、腦膜瘤組中的陽性表達(dá)率分別為8.33%、81.25%。ADAMDEC1陽性表達(dá)呈現(xiàn)棕黃色染色,與對照組比較,腦膜瘤組ADAMDEC1陽性表達(dá)升高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(=–4.373,<0.05),見圖1。
與對照組(8.33%)比較,WHOⅠ級(62.50%)、Ⅱ級(85.71%)、Ⅲ級(100.00%)腦膜瘤ADAMDEC1陽性表達(dá)均升高,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Z=–2.852、–3.858、–2.819,<0.05)。Spearman相關(guān)分析結(jié)果顯示,腦膜瘤WHO分級與ADAMDEC1表達(dá)呈正相關(guān)(=0.412,<0.05)。
ADAMDEC1在非侵襲性腦膜瘤、侵襲性腦膜瘤中的陽性表達(dá)率分別為25%、90%。與非侵襲性腦膜瘤比較,侵襲性腦膜瘤陽性表達(dá)升高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(–3.689,<0.05)。Spearman相關(guān)分析結(jié)果顯示,腦膜瘤的侵襲性與ADAMDEC1蛋白表達(dá)呈正相關(guān)(=0.731,<0.05)。
圖1 ADAMDEC1在兩組組織中的表達(dá)(IHC)
A.ADAMDEC1在腦膜瘤組織中的陰性表達(dá)(×400);B.ADAMDEC1在腦膜瘤組織中的陽性表達(dá)(×400);C.ADAMDEC1在正常腦組織中的陰性表達(dá)(×400)
目前腦膜瘤多采用手術(shù)切除、放射治療等手段治療,但預(yù)后較差[6-7]。少數(shù)良性腦膜瘤有向周圍組織(如顱骨、硬腦膜和腦實(shí)質(zhì)等)浸潤性生長的生物學(xué)行為,手術(shù)完全切除仍可出現(xiàn)術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)[8]。目前侵襲性腦膜瘤的診斷主要依靠醫(yī)學(xué)影像學(xué)、病理學(xué)及術(shù)者術(shù)中的直接觀察,然而影像學(xué)診斷及術(shù)者術(shù)中通過肉眼或顯微鏡下的直接觀察均會(huì)受操作者主觀因素的影響,病理學(xué)診斷一般不會(huì)把受侵襲性組織作為病理診斷的分級依據(jù),所得結(jié)果往往因人而異,準(zhǔn)確性受限。因此,尋找腦膜瘤惡性程度及腦膜瘤侵襲性的分子生物學(xué)標(biāo)志物,明確其在腦膜瘤中的發(fā)病機(jī)制,早期判斷腫瘤的臨床特性,同時(shí)指導(dǎo)藥物使用及手術(shù)方案的選擇,對改善患者生存狀況有重要意義。
ADAMs在細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)的水解、細(xì)胞與細(xì)胞和基質(zhì)的黏連、細(xì)胞融合、膜蛋白脫落、蛋白水解和細(xì)胞內(nèi)外信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)等過程中發(fā)揮重要作用[9]。通過影響細(xì)胞的這一系列活動(dòng),在腫瘤細(xì)胞的侵襲、增殖及轉(zhuǎn)移過程中起促進(jìn)作用[10]。近期研究發(fā)現(xiàn),ADAMDEC1啟動(dòng)成纖維細(xì)胞生長因子(fibroblast growth factor,F(xiàn)GF)自分泌環(huán)以促進(jìn)癌癥干細(xì)胞的繁殖和擴(kuò)散,該環(huán)可作為減少膠質(zhì)母細(xì)胞瘤生長的靶點(diǎn)。ADAMDEC1因此被認(rèn)為與腫瘤的發(fā)展密切相關(guān)[11]。本研究中腦膜瘤組織的ADAMDEC1表達(dá)水平較正常腦膜組織高,與其在神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)瘤中的趨勢一致,提示ADAMDEC1可能在腦膜瘤發(fā)病過程中發(fā)揮重要作用[12]。
綜上所述,腦膜瘤組織ADAMDEC1表達(dá)上調(diào),ADAMDEC1表達(dá)與腦膜瘤WHO分級及腦膜瘤的侵襲性呈正相關(guān),其可能參與腦膜瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展,檢測ADAMDEC1的表達(dá)情況有助于評估腦膜瘤的惡性程度。術(shù)后完善ADAMDEC1的檢查對腦膜瘤患者治療方案的制定和評估預(yù)后有積極的臨床意義。本研究納入樣本量較少,且腦膜瘤生長過程中的分子生物學(xué)機(jī)制較復(fù)雜,ADAMDEC1與腦膜瘤細(xì)胞的增殖、侵襲、轉(zhuǎn)移等惡性生物學(xué)行為的相關(guān)性及具體作用機(jī)制有待在細(xì)胞實(shí)驗(yàn)、動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)方面進(jìn)一步探究,才能更好地為腦膜瘤的早期診斷與治療提供新的理論依據(jù)。
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Expression and significance of ADAMDEC1 protein in meningiomas
Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
To detect the expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteases-like decysin-1 (ADAMDEC1) in meningioma tissue and explore its correlation with the pathological characteristics of meningioma.From July 2015 to December 2017, 32 cases of meningioma tissue samples were collected from Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University and were treated with surgical resection; At the same time, 12 normal brain tissue samples were taken from severe craniocerebral trauma patients undergoing internal and external decompression, and were set as control group. The expression of ADAMDEC1 was detected by immunohistochemistry.The expression of ADAMDEC1 protein in meningioma tissue was significantly higher than that in normal meningioma tissue (<0.05). The WHO grade of meningioma was positively correlated with the expression of ADAMDEC1, and the difference was statistically significant (<0.05). The invasiveness of meningioma was positively correlated with the expression of ADAMDEC1 protein, and the difference was statistically significant (<0.05).ADAMDEC1 is highly expressed in meningioma tissue, and its positive expression level is correlated with the WHO grade of meningioma and the invasiveness of meningioma. ADAMDEC1 can be used as an index to evaluate the malignant grade of meningioma, and the detection of ADAMDEC1 protein has important significance in the diagnosis and prognosis of meningioma patients.
Meningiomas; ADAMDEC1; Invasiveness; Immunohistochemistry
R739.45
A
10.3969/j.issn.1673-9701.2023.27.014
顧應(yīng)江,電子信箱:286174032@qq.com
(2022–10–20)
(2023–08–28)