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        賓語從句考點(diǎn)解析

        2023-09-30 15:22:41徐燕

        徐燕

        賓語從句助記口訣:

        賓語從句三姊妹,that,if / whether,wh? / how展風(fēng)采。展風(fēng)采有三關(guān),引導(dǎo)詞、語序、時(shí)態(tài)在把關(guān)。主從時(shí)態(tài)要一致,陳述語序永不變。陳述請(qǐng)你選that,疑問需用if / whether連。要是問句作賓從,原來問詞不用換。三關(guān)過后莫自得,人稱、標(biāo)點(diǎn)需注重,留意變臉的if / when,從句簡(jiǎn)化記心間。

        【歌訣解碼】

        一、三姊妹

        賓語從句根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的不同可分為三種類型:

        1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如:We knew (that)we should learn from each other.

        2. 由if / whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如:Please tell me if / whether you have been to America.

        3. 由who,where,how等連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如:Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?

        考題鏈接:

        (1) Has he finished his homework? Do you know?(兩句合并成一句)

        Do you know ___________he ___________finished his homework?(if; has)

        (2) “Do you have a good time at the amusement park?” He asked me. (改為含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句)

        He asked me ___________I ___________a good time at the amusement park.(whether / if; had)

        (3) Could you tell us? When does the band start playing this evening?(兩句合并成一句)

        Could you tell us___________the band___________playing this evening?(when; starts)

        二、三關(guān)

        1. 引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)

        從句是陳述句,引導(dǎo)詞用that(that在口語或非正式文體中常省略);從句是一般疑問句,引導(dǎo)詞用if / whether;從句是特殊疑問句,引導(dǎo)詞用疑問代詞 / 副詞。

        考題鏈接:

        (1) —I am worried___________I can enter a good high school or not.

        —Work hard and trust in yourself.

        A.why B. what C.whether D. where

        【解析】C. 句意:——我擔(dān)心我能否進(jìn)入一所好高中?!W(xué)習(xí),相信自己。why為什么;what什么;whether是否;where哪里。根據(jù)句中的or not可知應(yīng)選whether。故選C。

        (2) —Excuse me, could you tell me ___________?

        —You can take No 6 bus there. It’s about 15 minutes’ ride.

        A. how far is the Slender West Lake

        B. how far the Slender West Lake is

        C. how can I get to the Slender West Lake

        D. how I can get to the Slender West Lake

        【解析】D. 句意:——對(duì)不起,你能告訴我怎樣去瘦西湖嗎?——你可以坐6路公共汽車去那里。大約15分鐘車程。選項(xiàng)A和C語序錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)答句“You can take No 6 bus there. ”可知,是詢問怎么去瘦西湖。故選D。

        (3) —Can you tell me___________?

        —Yes. In the language center.

        A. where will the speech competition be held

        B. where the speech competition will be held

        C. when will the speech competition be held

        D. when the speech competition will be held

        【解析】B. 根據(jù)答語“In the language center”可知,詢問的是地點(diǎn),應(yīng)用where提問。賓語從句應(yīng)為陳述語序,結(jié)構(gòu)為“從句引導(dǎo)詞 + 主語 + 謂語動(dòng)詞 + 其他”。故選B。

        2. 語序關(guān)

        陳述句變?yōu)橘e語從句,語序不變,即仍用陳述語序。

        一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句,語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。

        考題鏈接:

        (1) —I wonder ___________.

        —I am not sure. Maybe yes.

        A. if has Dave got his driver’s license ? ? B. how long has Dave got his driver’s license

        C. if Dave has got his driver’s license ? ? D. how long Dave has got his driver’s license

        【解析】C. 句意:——我想知道Dave是否有駕照。——我不確定,可能有吧。賓語從句應(yīng)用陳述語序,即“從句引導(dǎo)詞 + 主語 + 謂語動(dòng)詞 + 其他”,A和B選項(xiàng)的語序錯(cuò)誤,故排除。根據(jù)句意選C。

        (2) —Do you know ___________the new national park?

        —Yes, I do. To protect wildlife and benefit the local people.

        A. why did China set up B. why China set up

        C. when did China set up D. when China set up

        【解析】B. 句意:——你知道中國(guó)為什么建造新的國(guó)家公園嗎?——是的,為了保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物、造福當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣瘛Ye語從句用陳述句語序,排除A、C;從答語可知,問句是在詢問原因。故選B。

        3. 時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)

        主句是現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài),從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。如:

        I have heard(that)he will come back next week.

        主句是過去的某種時(shí)態(tài),那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。如: He said(that)there were no classes yesterday.

        注意:賓語從句表述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象等時(shí),不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài),從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:He said that light travels much faster than sound.

        考題鏈接:

        (1) In the past, people didn’t know that light ___________faster than sound.

        A. travels ? ? ? ? B. travelled ? ? ? C. travel

        【解析】 A. 句意:在過去人們不知道光速要比聲速快。賓語從句中,從句是客觀規(guī)律時(shí)不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制,依然使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),故選A。

        (2) He asked me___________.

        A. where can he find a supermarket

        B. if I know the way to the supermarket

        C. how he could get to the supermarket

        【解析】C. 句意:他問我怎樣才能去超市。賓語從句用陳述語序,排除A選項(xiàng)。主句時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí),從句也相應(yīng)地用過去時(shí),排除B,故選C。

        (3) —Could you please tell me ___________when they meet for the first time in China?

        —They usually shake hands.

        A. what do people usually do ? ? ? ? B. what people usually do

        C. where do people usually go ? ? ? ? D. where people usually go

        【解析】 B. 句意:——請(qǐng)你告訴我在中國(guó)人們第一次見面通常會(huì)怎么做?——他們通常握手。賓語從句需用陳述句語序,排除A, C選項(xiàng)。由回答可知問的是做什么事情,故連接詞用what,排除D選項(xiàng)。故選B。

        (4) The doctor wanted to know___________this morning.

        A. what did you have B. what you had C. what you have

        【解析】B. 賓語從句用陳述句語序,排除A。由句中的主句謂語wanted可知,從句用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)。故選B。

        三、人稱的變化和標(biāo)點(diǎn)的使用

        1. 從句的主語是第一人稱,變?yōu)橘e語從句則與主句的主語一致;從句的主語是第二人稱,則與主句的賓語一致;從句的主語是第三人稱,不用變化。如:

        “May I use your knife?”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.

        “Do you know her telephone number?”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.

        2. 賓語從句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)均由主句決定。主句是陳述句,用句號(hào);主句是疑問句,用問號(hào)。如:

        Who will give us a talk? I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.

        Do you know? Where does he live? →Do you know where he lives?

        四、兩副面孔

        if和when既能引導(dǎo)其他狀語從句,又能引導(dǎo)賓語從句。因此,碰到它們就要認(rèn)真分析一下,它們究竟屬于“兩副面孔”的哪一副。如:

        If it rains tomorrow,I won’t come.(條件狀語從句)

        I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. (賓語從句)

        五、從句的簡(jiǎn)化

        1. 當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是find,see,watch,hear等感官動(dòng)詞時(shí),從句常簡(jiǎn)化為“賓語 + 賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu),賓補(bǔ)為不帶to的不定式或v.?ing形式。如:

        She found that the wallet lay / was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie / lying on the ground.

        2. 當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主語與從句主語相同時(shí),從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如:

        She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.

        3. 在連接代詞 / 副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,當(dāng)從句主語與主句主語或間接賓語一致時(shí),賓語從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“連接代詞 / 副詞 + 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如:

        Can you tell me how I can get to the station?→Can you tell me how to get to the station?

        考題鏈接:

        Please tell me where we can put our mobile phones.(改為同義句)

        Please tell me ______________________put our mobile phones.(where to)

        (作者單位:江蘇省揚(yáng)州市朱自清中學(xué))

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