吳靜

一、考情分析

近年來，閱讀還原題難度有所增加，但是它是英語中考試卷中的一個(gè)重要題型，10 分的分值。閱讀還原題可分為正文和選項(xiàng)兩個(gè)部分，正文通常是 200 詞左右的短文，文中有 5 個(gè)句子被挖空，正文后給出6～7個(gè)選項(xiàng)，要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容，選出正確的句子，填入相應(yīng)的空白處。該題型主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握?？偟膩碚f，這種題型難度要大于傳統(tǒng)的閱讀理解題，對(duì)學(xué)生把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)脈絡(luò)、邏輯思維能力和語言綜合運(yùn)用能力，有更高的要求。

閱讀還原題的文章一般在200詞左右，設(shè)空位置一般有3種：段首、段尾和段中。根據(jù)歷年真題的考查可看出考題段中設(shè)空最多，段尾次之，段首最少。

二、題型特點(diǎn)

考查體裁有說明文、議論文、記敘文，其中以說明文為主。因?yàn)檎f明文結(jié)構(gòu)比較清晰，適合考查標(biāo)題概括、主題句、過渡句等，從而考查學(xué)生對(duì)行文結(jié)構(gòu)、脈絡(luò)層次的綜合分析能力。題型選項(xiàng)大致可分為主旨概括句（文章整體內(nèi)容），過渡性句子（文章結(jié)構(gòu)）和注釋性句子（上下文邏輯意義）三類。這種選擇題和四選一的題目不同，選項(xiàng)可能是句子或圖片，形式可能是段落大意的歸納與段落的連線，但是可能不是一對(duì)一連線，一般都給出多余選項(xiàng)。

三、解題步驟

第一步：快速閱讀文章和選項(xiàng)，了解文章主旨大意；

第二步：觀察備選項(xiàng)，分析其語用功能以及前后應(yīng)該對(duì)應(yīng)的邏輯關(guān)系，標(biāo)注關(guān)鍵詞；

第三步：回到原文，寫出或了解每段的主旨大意，根據(jù)前后句內(nèi)容、語境、邏輯關(guān)系、過渡詞、段落結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)等，再結(jié)合備選項(xiàng)選出符合的選項(xiàng)；

第四步：通讀全文，檢查所選內(nèi)容是否符合語境，前后文是否連貫通順。

四、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1：不注意抓過渡句，也不看上下句。做此類題目時(shí)要認(rèn)真閱讀題干要求，如果是上下句搭配，要看清楚題目的前（后）句子的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，注意句子與短文的聯(lián)系，切不可只看句子的部分內(nèi)容而造成理解上的偏差，造成配對(duì)錯(cuò)誤。

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2：不顧大局，僅憑句意填空。要根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容和作者的意圖去搭配，注意配對(duì)后的句子內(nèi)容完整，并與短文的內(nèi)容保持一致。要抓住短文段落的要點(diǎn)，要全面理解段落內(nèi)容之間的關(guān)系，不能以偏概全。

五、考題精選

例1 （2022·湖南·衡陽）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容從下面的六個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇五個(gè)還原到文中，使短文內(nèi)容完整、意思連貫。

Parents can be very important teachers in our lives.11Parents may be too close to their children emotionally （感情上）. Sometimes they can only see their children through the eyes of a protector.12However， it might seem too dangerous for a parent.

Another problem is that parents may expect their childrens interests to be similar to their own.13But what if their childs true love is art or writing， or car repair？

Parents usually want to pass on their values to their children. But should children always believe what their parents do？14But when they get older， they will have different ways of thinking.

The most important thing to realize is that we all have many teachers in our lives. Our parents teach us， our teachers teach us， and our friends teach us.15All of them are valuable.

[A. If they love science， they may try to force their child to love science， too.

B. However， they are not always the best teachers.

C. Teachers are always ready to help their students.

D. Books， newspapers and televisions also teach us.

E. For example， a teacher might see a trip to a big city as a valuable experience.

F. When children are young， they believe that their parents are always right.]

解析：本文主要講述父母是我們生活中最重要的老師，但他們教育孩子時(shí)常存在一些問題。最重要的是要意識(shí)到，在生活中我們都有很多老師。

11. 根據(jù)“Parents may be too close to their children emotionally. Sometimes they can only see their children through the eyes of a protector.”可知，以保護(hù)者的角度看待孩子，不是最好的老師，B項(xiàng)“然而，他們并不總是最好的老師”符合語境。故選B。

12. 根據(jù)“However， it might seem too dangerous for a parent.”可知，此處講一種家長認(rèn)為危險(xiǎn)的活動(dòng)，E項(xiàng)“例如，老師可能會(huì)認(rèn)為去大城市旅行是一種寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)”符合語境。故選E。

13. 根據(jù)“Another problem is that parents may expect their childrens interests to be similar to their own.”可知，父母可能希望孩子們的愛好和自己的相似，A項(xiàng)“如果他們熱愛科學(xué)，他們可能會(huì)強(qiáng)迫他們的孩子也熱愛科學(xué)”符合語境。故選A。

14. 根據(jù)“But when they get older”可知，此處講孩子小時(shí)候的情況，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“當(dāng)孩子還小的時(shí)候，他們相信父母永遠(yuǎn)是對(duì)的”符合語境。故選F。

15. 根據(jù)“The most important thing to realize is that we all have many teachers in our lives.”可知，此處講能教育我們的事情，D項(xiàng)“書籍、報(bào)紙和電視也教我們”符合語境。故選D。

例2 （2022·江蘇·宿遷）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

When you do DIY， you make， repair or decorate things yourself instead of paying someone to do it. For one thing， its a wonderful time to enjoy yourself when you make something.46Today， I will show you how to make a fruit salad.

First， choose your favourite fruit. Use fruit in season.47

Next， wash the fruit.48For example， mixing red apples， green pears and purple grapes can make your salad look very colorful.

Then， cut some of the larger fruit into small pieces.49

Finally， mix them together and add some salad cream if you like.

50Just prepare it before you are going to eat it， because some of the fruit will quickly turn brown when you leave it in the air for some time.

[A. Make sure that it is fresh.

B. Please take care when you use a knife.

C. Youd better use fruit of different colors.

D. It will take you a lot of time to do DIY.

E. Try not to prepare the fruit salad too early.

F. For another thing， it can save you money.

G. DIY stands for “do-it-yourself”.]

解析：本文主要介紹了如何制作水果沙拉。

46. 根據(jù)“For one thing， its a wonderful time to enjoy yourself when you make something.”可知，接下來繼續(xù)描述DIY的好處，選項(xiàng)F“另一方面，它可以為你省錢”符合語境。故選F。

47. 根據(jù)“Use fruit in season.”可知，要使用時(shí)令水果，這樣可以保證水果新鮮，選項(xiàng)A“確保它是新鮮的”符合語境。故選A。

48. 根據(jù)“For example， mixing red apples， green pears and purple grapes can make your salad look very colorful.”可知，要用不同顏色的水果，選項(xiàng)C“你最好用不同顏色的水果”符合語境。故選C。

49. 根據(jù)“cut some of the larger fruit into small pieces.”可知，此處和切水果有關(guān)，選項(xiàng)B“用刀時(shí)請(qǐng)小心”符合語境。故選B。

50. 根據(jù)“Just prepare it before you are going to eat it.”可知，不要提前準(zhǔn)備，在你吃之前準(zhǔn)備好，選項(xiàng)E“盡量不要過早準(zhǔn)備水果沙拉”符合語境。故選E。