文／李宜臻 圖／王凱

三鋪龍拳利用手法、步法、身法等展現(xiàn)了套路動(dòng)作的優(yōu)美曲線和剛?cè)嵯酀?jì)的攻防能力。Sanpu Longquan shows the graceful curves of routines and the offensive &defensive capability combining softness and hardness by virtue of hand techniques,footwork and bodily movements.

行步如風(fēng)，精神抖擻。行走間，武林俠客，氣質(zhì)盡顯。三鋪龍拳創(chuàng)始人劉正海雖然已是古稀之年，但他練起拳來(lái)依舊是腳下生根，龍行虎步。

三鋪龍拳發(fā)源于青島膠州市鋪集鎮(zhèn)，前身為劉家拳，由劉家先祖于明朝末年開創(chuàng)，歷經(jīng)十代相傳。數(shù)百年來(lái)融合南拳北腿的技術(shù)特點(diǎn)，講究?jī)?nèi)外兼修、以快制勝、剛?cè)犰`動(dòng)、攻守平衡，具有實(shí)戰(zhàn)功能，又兼?zhèn)浣∩韮r(jià)值。

“根出群山歸萬(wàn)峰，源自龍蟲虎豹中。洞量人心取如意，三變才覺(jué)有神靈?！鼻宄拦饽觊g，由云清道人劉峪盛口授、劉家三世祖劉楹盛記錄的這首詩(shī)流傳至今。這首詩(shī)是劉家拳一脈相傳的訓(xùn)導(dǎo)之詞。第八代傳承人劉正海將此詩(shī)解讀為藏心詩(shī)，取詩(shī)中的字與意象，結(jié)合地理淵源、道家思想等方面內(nèi)容，將劉家拳命名為“三鋪龍拳”。

在劉家拳的基礎(chǔ)上，三鋪龍拳更加突出武術(shù)套路技擊性和攻防的靈活性，劉正海保留了劉家拳的精華，將動(dòng)作簡(jiǎn)單化，編排了易學(xué)的“一操一拳一功法”，即三鋪龍拳武術(shù)操、十步拳和舒心活血增壽功。

三鋪龍拳運(yùn)用刀、槍、劍、棍等20多種器械形成套路。Sanpu Longquan has formed routines by use of over 20 weapons,including broadswords,spears,swords and sticks.

目前劉正海記錄在冊(cè)的弟子有三萬(wàn)余人。At present,Liu Zhenghai has more than 30,000 registered disciples.

在推廣中華武術(shù)的道路上，劉正海始終孜孜不倦。工作后，劉正海任職于青島膠州市第二中學(xué)。作為體育老師，他將武術(shù)融入體育教學(xué)之中。1977年，憑借一己之力，劉正海組建起了學(xué)校的第一支少年武術(shù)隊(duì)，在膠縣田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的展演中引起轟動(dòng)。2010年，劉正海只身一人遠(yuǎn)赴香港參賽，成績(jī)斐然，奪得三枚金牌。自此，三鋪龍拳漸漸被人熟知。2016年，三鋪龍拳入選山東省省級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄。

2018年，三鋪龍拳被收錄在山東省職業(yè)教育新教材中，其主體拳也被正式編入《國(guó)家通用學(xué)生用書》教材；2019年，教育部指定三鋪龍拳作為學(xué)生大課間活動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。近年來(lái)，三鋪龍拳眾多傳習(xí)者先后獲得國(guó)際級(jí)、國(guó)家級(jí)、省市級(jí)多項(xiàng)團(tuán)體及單項(xiàng)金獎(jiǎng)，2019年取得世界體育休閑大會(huì)武術(shù)比賽暨山東省武術(shù)大會(huì)團(tuán)體冠軍。“武術(shù)給了我第二次生命?！眲⒄Ｉ钪毩?xí)武術(shù)的益處，希望能把傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)傳承下去，讓更多人受益。

三鋪龍拳模仿各種動(dòng)物撲食動(dòng)作，虎虎生風(fēng)。Sanpu Longquan appears vigorous by imitating the pouncing of a variety of animals.

劉正海七歲開始練拳，古稀之年的他收集了許多自己早年間練習(xí)、教學(xué)、比賽等場(chǎng)景的照片，這是他最珍貴的記憶。Since practicing boxing at the age of seven,70-year-old Liu Zhenghai has collected many photos concerning his early practice,teaching and competition,which are his most precious memories.

三鋪龍拳融合南拳北腿的技術(shù)優(yōu)點(diǎn)，實(shí)戰(zhàn)功能與健身價(jià)值兼?zhèn)洹anpu Longquan integrates the technical advantages of northern kicks and southern fists,and combines combat value and fitness value.

三鋪龍拳的練習(xí)者在劉正海的帶領(lǐng)下參賽，獲獎(jiǎng)無(wú)數(shù)。Led by Liu Zhenghai,the learners of Sanpu Longquan won numerous competition prizes.

劉正海為了更好地傳承三鋪龍拳，打破“傳男不傳女，傳內(nèi)不傳外”家規(guī)的制約，女性也可以參與到三鋪龍拳的練習(xí)中來(lái)。To better pass down Sanpu Longquan,Liu Zhenghai broke the restriction of his family rule — “passing down to male family members only”,and allowed women to practice Sanpu Longquan.

Sincere Martial Arts Spirit

Sanpu Longquan (Dragon Fist)originates in Puji Town,Jiaozhou,Qingdao.Its predecessor is Lau Ga Kyun initiated by an ancestor of the Liu family in the late Ming Dynasty,which has been passed down for ten generations.

Liu Zhenghai,the eighth-generation inheritor of Lau Ga Kyun,named it “Sanpu Longquan”.On the basis of Lau Ga Kyun,Sanpu Longquan further highlights the technical attack of martial arts routines and the flexibility of offence and defense.Liu Zhenghai retained the essence of Lau Ga Kyun,simplified its movements,and designed “One Exercise,One Fist Position and One Qigong Technique”,namely Sanpu Longquan Martial Arts Exercise,Ten-Step Fist,and Fitness Qigong (for relaxing muscles,stimulating blood circulation and prolonging life),which are easy to learn.

In 1977,Liu Zhenghai independently established his first junior martial arts team,which caused a sensation at the track and field games in Jiao County.In 2010,he went to Hong Kong alone for a competition,made brilliant achievements,and won three gold medals.Since then,Sanpu Longquan has gained recognition.In 2016,it was selected onto the list of provincial intangible cultural heritage of Shandong.

In 2018,Sanpu Longquan was included in Shandong’s new textbooks for vocational education,and its dominant fist position was officially incorporated into the textbookNational General Students’ Book;in 2019,the Ministry of Education designated Sanpu Longquan as students’ recess activity item.In recent years,numerous teachers and learners of Sanpu Longquan have won several international,national,provincial and municipal collective and individual gold medals,and some of them won a team title at the Martial Arts Competition of World Leisure Games and Shandong Martial Arts Games in 2019.“Martial arts gave me a second chance at life.”Fully knowing the benefits of martial arts practice,Liu Zhenghai wishes to pass down traditional martial arts to bring benefits to more people.