文/張國(guó)亮

幾百年前，意大利人馬可 · 波羅游歷中國(guó)，后來(lái)一本《馬可 · 波羅游記》問世，向整個(gè)歐洲打開了神秘的東方之門。幾百年后，意大利人唐云，用意大利文撰書，向家鄉(xiāng)訴說(shuō)中國(guó)非遺之美。

唐云，原名博尼諾 · 加博列拉（Bonino Gabriella），生于意大利都靈。她與中國(guó)的緣分，已經(jīng)延續(xù)了三十多年。

18歲那年，唐云在參觀巴黎吉美博物館時(shí)被一件件精美的中國(guó)文物深深吸引，由此在心里埋下了尋夢(mèng)中國(guó)的種子。1987年，唐云來(lái)到中國(guó)，在當(dāng)時(shí)的北京語(yǔ)言學(xué)院就讀，畢業(yè)后進(jìn)入一家中國(guó)媒體工作。這期間，她的節(jié)目還曾獲得過(guò)中國(guó)新聞獎(jiǎng)一等獎(jiǎng)，這段經(jīng)歷給她提供了一個(gè)了解中國(guó)的絕佳機(jī)會(huì)。

在媒體工作期間，唐云制作了十幾期與浙江溫州有關(guān)的節(jié)目，對(duì)溫州留下了深刻印象。2017年，唐云來(lái)到了歷史文化名城溫州，在溫州商學(xué)院傳媒系任教。在溫州工作期間，她因創(chuàng)作《發(fā)現(xiàn)溫州》一書，獲得了“溫州市榮譽(yù)市民”稱號(hào)。2020年1月，唐云來(lái)到溫州瑞安，并被聘為中意人力資源產(chǎn)業(yè)園文化顧問，由此開始了她的“瑞安假日”。

唐云說(shuō)：“瑞安是一座非常有文化的城市。永嘉學(xué)派的陳傅良、葉適都在瑞安出生，還有清末民初的孫衣言、孫詒讓、陳虬等。這里還有玉海樓、利濟(jì)醫(yī)院、心蘭學(xué)社等。從古至今，這里都有一群非常開明、非常先進(jìn)的學(xué)者和企業(yè)家?！?/p>

唐云對(duì)瑞安的特色如數(shù)家珍，得益于她在中國(guó)多年的習(xí)慣—每到中國(guó)一城一地，她都要去了解那里的風(fēng)土人情、歷史文化。

唐云采訪鄭州某京劇團(tuán)。Tang Yun visits a Peking Opera troupe in Zhengzhou city, Henan province.

拜訪竹編傳承人李道永。Tang Yun pays a visit to Li Daoyong, an inheritor of the bamboo-weaving craft.

在瑞安期間，她喜歡騎著自行車到處閑逛，在大街小巷認(rèn)識(shí)了各種民間藝人和非遺傳承人，有做圓木的，有做漆畫的，在也有做彩石鑲嵌和竹編的。她說(shuō)，瑞安真是名副其實(shí)的“百工之鄉(xiāng)”。

唐云說(shuō)：“我居住的東山街道就有一位非遺傳承人，是做圓木的，我經(jīng)常騎車去拜訪他，十分鐘就到了。全世界都有‘非遺’，有和老百姓日常生活密切相關(guān)的傳統(tǒng)工藝，我覺得會(huì)有越來(lái)越多的人重新愛上這樣的傳統(tǒng)?！?/p>

在瑞安忠義街上，唐云專門介紹起了傳統(tǒng)印染技藝—藍(lán)夾纈。藍(lán)夾纈是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)印染“四纈”技藝之一，2011年就入選了第三批國(guó)家級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)代表性項(xiàng)目名錄。這項(xiàng)曾廣泛流傳于溫州的技藝也是中國(guó)雕版印染、印刷的源頭。她說(shuō)：“藍(lán)夾纈是中國(guó)非常古老的一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)工藝，它的制作工藝非常復(fù)雜，需要雕刻的模板，過(guò)程比較繁瑣。”

被瑞安傳統(tǒng)非遺文化所深深吸引，唐云干脆移居到了瑞安。從2020年4月到2021年8月，唐云與瑞安非遺保護(hù)中心合作，用意大利文撰寫了《發(fā)現(xiàn)瑞安非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)》一書，全書10多萬(wàn)字，詳細(xì)介紹了64個(gè)瑞安非遺項(xiàng)目，涉及手工技藝類、曲藝類、民族風(fēng)情類等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域，既有木活字印刷術(shù)、溫州鼓詞、藤牌舞、藍(lán)夾纈技藝，也有瑞安竹編、瑞安角雕、瑞安高腔、曹村無(wú)骨花燈等地方特色非遺項(xiàng)目。

今年1月14日，《發(fā)現(xiàn)瑞安非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)》一書由意大利佩德里尼出版社出版發(fā)行，并贈(zèng)送給了意大利各華人集聚城市的國(guó)立圖書館，并發(fā)行電子書進(jìn)行推廣。唐云說(shuō)：“瑞安乃至整個(gè)溫州非遺的內(nèi)容非常非常豐富，意大利人一定會(huì)非常喜歡。希望疫情結(jié)束后，意大利的工匠可以來(lái)這里，這里的傳承人可以去意大利，互相學(xué)習(xí)。這是我最大的希望?！?/p>

談及未來(lái)的計(jì)劃，唐云說(shuō)，她非常愿意繼續(xù)在溫州定居，因?yàn)楹Ｉ辖z綢之路已經(jīng)成為她的下一個(gè)研究目標(biāo)。她說(shuō)：“超過(guò)半輩子我都在中國(guó)，已經(jīng)把中國(guó)當(dāng)作自己的家了。我現(xiàn)在正在研究海上絲綢之路，并且準(zhǔn)備在意大利出版《發(fā)現(xiàn)海上絲綢之路》這本書。”

筆耕不輟，腳步不停，唐云與溫州的故事，與中華非遺文化的故事，與中國(guó)的故事，還在繼續(xù)。

參觀瑞安非遺館。Tang Yun visits the intangible culture heritage museum in Rui’an, Wenzhou city.

Italian Girl Living in China Has a Dream

By Zhang Guoliang

Tang Yun, also known as Bonino Gabriella, was born in Turin,Italy. Her story with China begun more than thirty years ago.

At the age of 18, Tang was fascinated by the exquisite Chinese relics on show when she visited the Musée Guimet in Paris, and an idea of visiting China one day began to grow in her young heart.In 1987, she came to China to study at the Beijing Language and Culture University and after graduation joined a local media company. During this period, her program won the first prize of the China News Award, which became an excellent access for her to learning more about China.

In 2017, Tang Yun moved to Wenzhou, a historical and cultural city, to teach at the School of Communication of Wenzhou Business School. While working in Wenzhou, she was awarded the title of “Honorary Citizen of Wenzhou” for her book. In January 2020, Tang went to Rui’an, a county-level city administered by Wenzhou, and was hired as a cultural consultant of the Sino-Italian Human Resources Industrial Park, thus starting her “Rui’an Holiday”.

Tang said, “Rui’an has such a rich cultural atmosphere. Chen Fuliang and Ye Shi of the Yongjia School were born here, as well as Sun Yizhan, Sun Yirang and Chen Qiu of the late Qing dynasty.There are Jade Sea Chamber, Liji Hospital, Xinlan Library and so on. It also had a group of very open-minded and advanced scholars, as well as entrepreneurs in those days.”

Tang’s knowledge about Rui’an is based on her habit cultivated throughout all the years she spent in China — every time she goes to a city in China, she feels the urge to learn about local customs, history and culture.

Living in Rui’an, she enjoys cycling around and meets various folk artists in different streets and alleys: from round wood carpenters, lacquer painters, to those who do colored stone inlays and bamboo weaving. She said that Rui’an is a veritable“hometown of a hundred handicrafts”.

“I live in the Dongshan Street where there is an inheritor of intangible cultural heritage, an expert with round wood. I often visit him by bike, which takes me just ten minutes. There is intangible cultural heritage

唐云參觀體驗(yàn)國(guó)家級(jí)非遺項(xiàng)目藍(lán)夾纈技藝。Tang Yun experiences Jiaxie (the Chinese blue and white itajime),a traditional dyeing technique.

all over the world, and all is closely related to people’s daily lives. I think more and more people will fall in love with traditions again,” said Tang.

On the Zhongyi Street, Tang specifically introduced Jiaxie (the Chinese blue and white itajime), a traditional dyeing technique once popular in Wenzhou and the source of China’s engraving and dyeing. “Jiaxie is a very old Chinese traditional craft, which requires very complicated processes like carving templates,” explained Tang.

Attracted by its traditional intangible heritage culture, Tang simply moved to Rui’an once and for all. From April 2020 to August 2021, Tang cooperated with the Rui’an Intangible Heritage Protection Center and wrote the bookin Italian. With more than 100,000 words, she introduces 64 intangible heritage projects in detail.

On January 14, 2022, the book was published and distributed by Pedrini Publishing House in Italy. Meanwhile an e-book edition was also issued. Tang said, “The intangible cultural heritage of Rui’an is so diverse that Italians will definitely love it. After the epidemic is over, hopefully, Italian artisans can come here while Chinese artists can go to Italy, so both sides could learn from each other. That’s my biggest hope.”