2022年是聯(lián)合國教科文組織第17屆大會通過《保護世界文化和自然遺產(chǎn)公約》（以下簡稱《公約》）50周年，也是我國加入《公約》37周年?！豆s》規(guī)定了文化遺產(chǎn)和自然遺產(chǎn)的定義，基于此，我國“風(fēng)景遺產(chǎn)”的概念是順應(yīng)《公約》價值趨向前提下，進一步結(jié)合我國研究實際，在風(fēng)景園林學(xué)科體系下進行的界定。風(fēng)景遺產(chǎn)是具有國家或世界突出普遍價值的地域空間綜合體，包括但不限于具有自然科學(xué)價值、自然美學(xué)價值、歷史文化價值。風(fēng)景遺產(chǎn)具有不可再生的特殊價值和性質(zhì)，《公約》中對于遺產(chǎn)“突出普遍價值”的不斷強調(diào)，使其不僅成為風(fēng)景遺產(chǎn)評定的標準和根據(jù)，也成為風(fēng)景遺產(chǎn)獨特性、稀缺性、公共性、持續(xù)性等價值特質(zhì)的高度概括。

習(xí)近平總書記指出：“歷史文化遺產(chǎn)不僅生動述說著過去，也深刻影響著當下和未來；不僅屬于我們，也屬于子孫后代。保護好、傳承好歷史文化遺產(chǎn)是對歷史負責(zé)、對人民負責(zé)?！惫P者認為，遺產(chǎn)識別評估標準，是遺產(chǎn)差別化保護前提基礎(chǔ)，以保證其確實是值得保護的遺產(chǎn)，而不是所有老舊的東西都能成為遺產(chǎn)；在分類分級的基礎(chǔ)上，體現(xiàn)其永續(xù)價值及其當代價值，才是遺產(chǎn)保護的有效途徑；故之，研究實施“活化利用”，才是遺產(chǎn)保護的關(guān)鍵。不管是城市風(fēng)景遺產(chǎn)，還是傳統(tǒng)村落（尤其是少數(shù)民族村落）風(fēng)景遺產(chǎn)，都可以串聯(lián)起人與地方的歷史記憶和精神聯(lián)系、塑造出屬于地方特色的景觀風(fēng)貌、增強民族自信心和文化認同感，更是在地文化不可分割的一部分。

本期專題1“風(fēng)景遺產(chǎn)識別與保護”，聚焦城鄉(xiāng)聚落景觀遺產(chǎn)、文化廊道景觀遺產(chǎn)，研討了城市風(fēng)景遺產(chǎn)集群的保護策略、傳統(tǒng)村落的景觀意象、聚落空間特征識別及景觀基因信息鏈的構(gòu)建等內(nèi)容。研究區(qū)域多分布于中國少數(shù)民族集中的西南地區(qū)，不同民族文化傳統(tǒng)在此不斷地碰撞、融合、進化，在漫長的人與自然相處過程中，形成“村融地中，天人共美”的深刻內(nèi)涵。專題2“城市綠地系統(tǒng)進化”則研討了城市更新發(fā)展背景下，城市綠地系統(tǒng)已進入總體結(jié)構(gòu)完善階段；藍綠空間融合發(fā)展是事半功倍的科學(xué)發(fā)展途徑，已經(jīng)成為改善我國城市生態(tài)環(huán)境、提升城市功能的有力抓手。藍與綠的融合，不僅可有效地增加濱水公共開放空間，更能有效地提升水岸帶、交錯帶的生物多樣性及其生態(tài)服務(wù)功能。本期兩個專題的研討，進一步拓展了國土空間規(guī)劃“多規(guī)合一”大背景下，風(fēng)景遺產(chǎn)價值識別與保護、城市綠地系統(tǒng)空間可持續(xù)發(fā)展等重要研究視角。

在倡導(dǎo)文化自信背景下，遺產(chǎn)保護和利用研究已成為當前人居環(huán)境學(xué)科中的重要理論與實踐研究方向。我國是風(fēng)景遺產(chǎn)資源大國，又處于城鎮(zhèn)化快速發(fā)展的歷史進程中，城鄉(xiāng)協(xié)同的遺產(chǎn)保護工作依然任重道遠。從風(fēng)景遺產(chǎn)保護利用研究出發(fā)，歸納風(fēng)景遺產(chǎn)營建智慧和當代應(yīng)用價值，總結(jié)出適應(yīng)我國文化背景下的風(fēng)景遺產(chǎn)保護利用方法，才能以風(fēng)景遺產(chǎn)為載體講好中國故事。

主編

2022年6月6日

The Value and Protection of Landscape Heritage

The year 2022 marks the 50th anniversary of the CCPWCNH (Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage) by the 17th General Conference of UNESCO and the 37th anniversary of China’s accession to the Convention.This Convention stipulated the defniitions of cultural heritage and natural heritage. Based on this, the concept of “l(fā)andscape heritage” in China was defnied under the discipline system of landscape architecture in line with the value trend of the Convention. Landscape heritage is a regional space complex with national or world outstanding universal value, including but not limited to natural scientifci value, natural aesthetic value, and historical and cultural value.Landscape heritage has a special value and nature that is not renewable. The continuous emphasis on the “outstanding universal value” of heritage in the Convention makes it not only the standard and basis for the assessment of landscape heritage, but also a high-level summary of the uniqueness, scarcity, publicity, sustainability and other characteristics of landscape heritage.

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Historical and cultural heritage not only vividly describes the past, but also profoundly affects the present and the future. It belongs not only to us, but also to future generations. Protecting and inheriting historical and cultural heritage is responsible for history and the people.” The author believes that the heritage identifciation and evaluation criteria are the premise and basis for the differential protection of heritage, so as to ensure that it is indeed a heritage worthy of protection, not that all old things can become heritage. On the basis of classifciation and grading, the effective way of heritage protection is to refelct its sustainable value and contemporary value. Therefore, the research and implementation of “activation and utilization” is the key to heritage protection.Whether it is urban landscape heritage or traditional village (especially minority village)landscape heritage, it can connect the historical memory and spiritual connection between people and places, shape the landscape with local characteristics, and enhance national self-confdience and cultural identity. It is an integral part of local culture.

The topic 1 of this issue, “Identifciation and Protection of Landscape Heritage”, focuses on urban and rural settlement landscape heritage and cultural corridor landscape heritage. The protection strategies of urban landscape heritage clusters, the landscape image of traditional villages, the identifciation of settlement space characteristics, and the integration of landscape genetic information chains were discussed. The research area is mostly distributed in the southwestern region where ethnic minorities are concentrated in China. The cultural traditions of different ethnic groups are constantly colliding, merging, and evolving here. In the long process of coexisting with nature, the profound connotation of “Harmony between the village and the earth, and beauty between heaven and man” has been formed. Topic 2“Evolution of Urban Green Space System” discusses that under the background of urban renewal and development, the urban green space system has entered the stage of overall structural improvement. The integrated development of blue-green space is a scientific development approach that achieves twice the result with half the effort. The integration of blue and green can not only effectively increase the waterfront public open space, but also effectively enhance the biodiversity and ecological service functions of the waterfront and interlaced zones. The discussion of the two topics further expands the important research perspectives such as the identifciation and protection of landscape heritage value, and the sustainable development of urban green space system space under the background of“multi-planning integration” of national land and space planning.

Under the background of advocating cultural self-confdience, heritage protection and utilization research has become an important theoretical and practical research direction in the current human settlements discipline. China is a country with a large number of landscape heritage resources, and is in the historical process of rapid urbanization. The urban-rural coordinated heritage protection work still has a long way to go. From the perspective of the protection and utilization of landscape heritage, summarizing the construction wisdom and contemporary application value of landscape heritage, and summarizing the protection and utilization methods of landscape heritage under the cultural background of our country, can we use landscape heritage as a carrier to tell Chinese stories well.