羅躍梅

一項(xiàng)新的研究顯示，一些恒溫動(dòng)物正在進(jìn)化出更大的耳朵、喙和腿，以適應(yīng)全球變暖。

1Humans in many parts of the world are having to adjust to climate change， but it appears that animals are hav-ing to adapt， too.

2According to a new study， some warm?blooded animals like birds are evolving （進(jìn)化） larger ears， beaks （喙） and legs in order to shed extra body heat as the planet gets hotter.

3“It's high time we recognized that animals have to adapt to these changes， but this is occurring over a far shorter timescale than would have occurred through most of evolutionary time，” said co?author Sara Ryding， a bird researcher.

4“Climate change is heaping a whole lot of pressure on them， and while some species will adapt， others will not，” Ryding added.

5According to a biological theory called “Allen's rule”， animals in warmer climates have longer limbs （四肢） than animals that live in cooler climates. As animals in cold re-gions need to preserve as much heat as possible， they have lower surface?area?to?volume ra-tios in order to minimise the surface area to lose heat. The reverse is true for animals in warmer climates. Those animals have higher surface?area?to?volume ratios so they can lose excess heat as easily as possible.

6Ryding said that climate change is a complex phenomenon， with many different fac-tors that have been occurring progressively， so it is difficult to pinpoint exactly the cause of the shapeshifting. But these changes have been seen across a wide range of regions， habi-tats and species， so there is little evidence to connect them except for climate change.

7Shapeshifting has been particularly widely reported in birds. Several species of Aus-tralian parrots have shown an increase in beak size of between 4 per cent and 10 per cent since 1871.

8For the next part of the project， the researchers are going to carry out 3D scans of mu-seum specimens from the past 100 years， to better understand which birds are changing size due to climate change.

9“Shapeshifting does not mean that animals are coping with climate change and that all is fine，” said Ryding. “It just means they are evolving to survive it—but we're not sure what the other ecological consequences of these changes are.”

ReadingCheck

Choose the best answers according to the text

Vocabulary 1. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “shed” in

Para. 2？

A. Hide. B. Exchange.

C. Absorb. D. Remove.

Detail 2. Which of the following statements would Sara Ryding agree with？79B5AC69-035A-4E27-BEBC-B457838A7D03

A. Climate change is occurring as expected.

B. Not all species can adapt to climate change.

C. Scientists have understood why animals shapeshift.

D. Researchers should study animals' evolutionary cause.

Detail 3. What do we know from the theory “Allen's rule”？

A. Animals in colder regions have smaller legs than those in warmer

places.

B. Animals in warmer regions have smaller legs than those in

colder places.

C. Higher surface?area?to?volume ratios are helpful in preserving heat.

D. Lower surface?area?to?volume ratios can produce more heat.

Inference 4. Why will the researchers carry out 3D scans of museum specimens？

A. To help birds survive climate change.

B. To reduce ecological consequences of climate change.

C. To figure out which birds change size because of climate change.

D. To prove why birds have a strong ability to survive climate change.

LanguageStudy

Ⅰ. Analyze the difficult sentence in the text

“It's high time we recognized that animals have to adapt to these changes， but this is occurring over a far shorter timescale than would have occurred through most of evolution-ary time，” said co?author Sara Ryding， a bird researcher. “現(xiàn)在我們是時(shí)候認(rèn)識(shí)到動(dòng)物必須適應(yīng)這些氣候變化了，但這個(gè)進(jìn)化發(fā)生的時(shí)間比大多數(shù)進(jìn)化本應(yīng)耗費(fèi)的時(shí)間短得多?！焙现?、鳥類研究員薩拉·呂丁說。

【點(diǎn)石成金】本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，引號(hào)內(nèi)為直接引語，作動(dòng)詞said的賓語。It's high time （that）...意為“是……的時(shí)候了”;that animals have to adapt to...是賓語從句，作recognized的賓語;but連接前后兩個(gè)并列分句。

Ⅱ. Memorize some text?centered chunks

adjust to 適應(yīng)

according to 根據(jù)

as...as possible 盡可能

a wide range of 各種各樣的;大范圍的

carry out 實(shí)施;執(zhí)行;實(shí)行

due to 由于

cope with 處理;應(yīng)對(duì)79B5AC69-035A-4E27-BEBC-B457838A7D03