袁婧 張連峰
[摘要] 目的 探討平均血小板體積(MPV)聯(lián)合FIB-4指數(shù)對非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化預(yù)后的評估價值。方法 回顧性分析2012年1月至2018年12月鄭州大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院確診的非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化患者40例,非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)患者40例,同期健康體檢人員31名(健康組)。收集患者臨床資料,計(jì)算Child-Pugh評分及FIB-4指數(shù)。以確診為非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化為起點(diǎn),2年后通過電話或門診隨訪,分為好轉(zhuǎn)組29例與惡化組11例。采用logistic回歸分析影響患者預(yù)后的獨(dú)立危險因素,繪制受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線,探討MPV、FIB-4指數(shù)及兩者聯(lián)合對肝硬化預(yù)后的評估價值。結(jié)果 非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化組MPV、紅細(xì)胞分布寬度(RDW)、總膽紅素(TBIL)高于NASH組和健康組(P<0.01),F(xiàn)IB-4指數(shù)高于NASH組(P<0.01)。惡化組MPV、TBIL、 FIB-4指數(shù)、Child-Pugh評分、入院合并糖尿病比例高于好轉(zhuǎn)組(P<0.05)。二元logistic回歸分析示,MPV、FIB-4指數(shù)為影響非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化預(yù)后的獨(dú)立危險因素(P<0.05)。MPV、FIB-4指數(shù)及兩者聯(lián)合對預(yù)后判斷的AUC分別為0.845、0.777、0.884,以兩者聯(lián)合預(yù)測的AUC最大,敏感度和特異度較高,分別為90.90%,72.40%。結(jié)論 MPV及FIB-4指數(shù)是影響非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化預(yù)后的獨(dú)立危險因素,兩者聯(lián)合可提高對疾病預(yù)后預(yù)測的準(zhǔn)確性。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化;非酒精性脂肪性肝炎;平均血小板體積;FIB-4指數(shù);預(yù)后
[中圖分類號] R575.2? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-9701(2022)09-0038-05
Value of mean platelet volume combined with FIB-4 index in evaluating the prognosis of nonalcoholic steatosis liver cirrhosis.
YUAN Jing? ZHANG Lianfeng
Department of Gastroenterology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou? ?450000,China
[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the value of mean platelet volume combined with FIB-4 index in prognosis of nonalcoholic steatosis liver cirrhosis. Methods A retrospective study was performed on 40 patients with nonalcoholic steatosis liver cirrhosis, 40 patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2012 to December 2018,and 31 healthy individuals (the health group). The clinical data of the patients were collected and Child-Pugh score and FIB-4 index were calculated. Patients with nonalcoholic steatosis liver cirrhosis diagnosed at the first admission were selected as the starting point, and followed up after 2 years by telephone or clinic, which were divided into the improved group (29 cases) and the worsened group (11 cases).The independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients were analyzed by logistic regression. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted, and the prognostic evaluation value of MPV and FIB-4 index was compared in the study. Results MPV, red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and total bilirubin (TBIL) in nonalcoholic steatosis liver cirrhosis were higher than those in NASH group and healthy group (P<0.01), and FIB-4 index was higher than that in NASH group (P<0.01). MPV, TBIL, FIB-4 index, child-pugh score,diabetes proportion in the deteriorated group were higher than those in the improved group (P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that MPV and FIB-4 index were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of non-alcoholic fatty cirrhosis (P<0.05). The AUC of MPV, FIB-4 index and their combination for prognosis were 0.845, 0.777 and 0.884. The AUC of MPV, FIB-4 index and their combination for prognosis was the largest, with high sensitivity and specificity (90.90% and 72.40%, respectively). Conclusion MPV and FIB-4 index are independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of non-alcoholic steatocirrhosis. The Combination of the two can improve the accuracy of prognosis prediction.
[Key words]Nonalcoholic steatosis liver cirrhosis; Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; Mean platelet volume; FIB-4 index; The prognosis
非酒精性脂肪性肝?。╪on-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)是世界上最常見的慢性肝病,我國發(fā)病率約為20%~30%,其中2%~3%可進(jìn)展為肝硬化[1]。NAFLD病程隱匿,并發(fā)心血管疾病風(fēng)險較高[2]。目前診斷金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為肝穿刺活檢,但由于其有創(chuàng)性等問題在臨床中接受度較低。因此應(yīng)用無創(chuàng)性診斷探討肝硬化預(yù)后在臨床研究中成為熱點(diǎn)。平均血小板體積(value of mean platelet volume,MPV)反映血小板功能,與炎癥、心血管疾病、代謝綜合征等多種全身性疾病預(yù)后及轉(zhuǎn)歸相關(guān)[3-5],非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化與炎癥反應(yīng)、代謝綜合征密切相關(guān)。肝纖維化指數(shù)(fibrosis index based on the 4 factors,F(xiàn)IB-4)為基于多項(xiàng)血清學(xué)指標(biāo)建立的模型,能粗略評估肝纖維化有無及嚴(yán)重程度[6]。然而單一無創(chuàng)診斷無法同時具有良好的敏感度和特異度,因此本研究回顧性分析非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化患者的臨床資料,旨在探討MPV聯(lián)合FIB-4指數(shù)對該類患者預(yù)后的評估價值,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料
回顧性分析2012年1月至2018年12月鄭州大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院收治的非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化患者40例,非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH)患者40例,同期健康體檢人員31名作為對照組。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化入組標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)病理或影像等方法已證實(shí)存在肝脂肪變的肝硬化。肝硬化的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)根據(jù)2019版的《肝硬化診治指南》[7];(2)存在代謝綜合征。代謝綜合征臨床定義要求存在以下至少三個特征:①男性腰圍﹥90 cm或女性腰圍﹥85 cm;②三酰甘油≥1.7 mmol/L或在服用降脂藥物;③男性高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)<1.0 mmol/L,女性HDL-C<1.3 mmol/L;④收縮壓≥130 mmHg或舒張壓≥85 mmHg或在服用降壓藥物;⑤空腹血糖水平≥5.6 mmol/L或餐后2 h≥7.8 mmol/L或有2型糖尿病病史[8]。NASH入組標(biāo)準(zhǔn):根據(jù)《非酒精性脂肪性肝病防治指南(2018年更新版)》[8]。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)有病毒性肝炎、酒精性肝病、藥物性肝炎、自身免疫性肝炎、遺傳性、代謝性等肝病者;(2)長期應(yīng)用有肝毒性的藥物者;(3)肝臟惡性腫瘤者;(4)有嚴(yán)重的心、肺、消化、神經(jīng)、血液系統(tǒng)等疾病者;(5)孕產(chǎn)婦。本研究方案經(jīng)鄭州大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會準(zhǔn)批。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 數(shù)據(jù)收集? 收集患者入院時的臨床資料,包括性別、年齡、血常規(guī)、肝腎功能、凝血、血脂等相關(guān)指標(biāo),及入院是否合并高血壓、糖尿病、膽石癥、食管靜脈曲張、院內(nèi)是否繼發(fā)肝性腦病、肝腎綜合征、消化道出血。計(jì)算Child-Pugh評分及FIB-4指數(shù)。以患者首次入院確診為非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化為起點(diǎn),2年后通過電話或門診隨訪,分為好轉(zhuǎn)組與惡化組。好轉(zhuǎn)組為2年后仍存活且病情穩(wěn)定者,惡化組為放棄治療、進(jìn)展為肝癌、行肝移植或發(fā)生肝相關(guān)死亡的患者。失訪患者未納入研究。
1.2.2 Child-Pugh評分及分級? 根據(jù)患者腹水有無及程度、膽紅素、白蛋白、凝血酶原時間、是否有肝性腦病及程度量化評估,總分為15分。5~6分為A級,7~9分為B級,≥10分為C級[9]。
1.2.3 FIB-4計(jì)算公式? FIB-4指數(shù)=年齡(歲)×AST(U/L)/〔血小板計(jì)數(shù)(×109/L)×ALT(U/L)1/2〕
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
使用SPSS 23.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。符合正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s) 表示。不符合正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以[M(P25, P75)]表示。三組間比較符合正態(tài)分布采用單因素方差分析,非正態(tài)分布采用Kruskal-Wallis H檢驗(yàn)。兩組連續(xù)變量之間的比較,符合正態(tài)分布時采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn)。不符合正態(tài)分布采用Mann-Whitney U秩和檢驗(yàn)。計(jì)數(shù)資料比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。相關(guān)性檢驗(yàn)采用Spearman分析。通過二元logistic回歸分析影響非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化患者預(yù)后的獨(dú)立危險因素。繪制受試者工作特征曲線(receiver operator characteristic curve,ROC),計(jì)算約登指數(shù)、敏感度、特異度、臨界值,分別計(jì)算單獨(dú)MPV、FIB-4指數(shù)及兩者聯(lián)合的曲線下面積(area under the curve,AUC)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 三組一般臨床資料比較
共納入非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化患者40例、NASH患者40例、健康組31名。三組的年齡、紅細(xì)胞分布寬度(red cell distribution width,RDW)、白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)(white blood cell count,WBC)、血小板計(jì)數(shù)(platelets,PLT)、血紅蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)、谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterin,LDL-C)、總膽紅素(total bilirubin,TBIL)、MPV、HDL-C、白蛋白及FIB-4指數(shù)比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表1。
將三組間MPV進(jìn)一步兩兩比較,非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化組、NASH組MPV均高于健康組(P<0.01)。肝硬化組MPV水平高于肝炎組,但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
2.2 非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化組不同預(yù)后患者臨床資料分析
將非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化患者根據(jù)2年預(yù)后不同分為好轉(zhuǎn)組與惡化組,結(jié)果顯示兩組TBIL及FIB-4指數(shù)、Child-Pugh評分經(jīng)Mann-Whitney U檢驗(yàn)示,惡化組均明顯高于好轉(zhuǎn)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。惡化組MPV明顯高于好轉(zhuǎn)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。兩組患者入院合并糖尿病比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表2。
2.3 二元logistic回歸分析
將上述單因素分析結(jié)果有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義的指標(biāo)進(jìn)一步行二元logistic回歸分析,結(jié)果示MPV(OR:3.043, 95%CI:1.230~7.531,P=0.016),F(xiàn)IB-4指數(shù)(OR:1.374, 95%CI:1.029~1.835,P=0.031)是影響非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化預(yù)后的獨(dú)立危險因素。
2.4 MPV與Child-Pugh評分的相關(guān)性分析
Spearman秩相關(guān)分析顯示,MPV與Child-Pugh評分呈正相關(guān)(rs=0.321,P=0.044)。
2.5 MPV聯(lián)合FIB-4指數(shù)對非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化預(yù)后的預(yù)測價值
將MPV及FIB-4指數(shù)進(jìn)行ROC曲線分析,判斷兩者對非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化預(yù)后的預(yù)測價值。MPV、FIB-4指數(shù)及二者聯(lián)合對該病預(yù)后預(yù)測的ROC曲線下面積分別為0.845、0.777、0.884,以兩者聯(lián)合預(yù)測的AUC最大,提示MPV聯(lián)合FIB-4指數(shù)對非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化預(yù)后的預(yù)測優(yōu)于單獨(dú)MPV或FIB-4指數(shù)。見表3、圖1。
3 討論
非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化是一種與遺傳易感性和胰島素抵抗相關(guān)的代謝肝損傷,可致發(fā)生心血管疾病的風(fēng)險增加64%[10](包括心血管疾病死亡和非致死性心血管疾病事件,如心肌梗死、心絞痛、中風(fēng)等),少數(shù)患者可進(jìn)展為肝癌,甚至死亡。目前主要治療方法為內(nèi)科綜合治療、人工肝、肝移植等,但現(xiàn)階段仍存在肝源短缺及治療費(fèi)用貴等問題。早期對病情預(yù)后進(jìn)行預(yù)測評估,對后續(xù)治療及提高整體救治率有重要臨床意義。
NAFLD發(fā)展至肝硬化過程中脂肪變性、脂肪毒性、炎癥反應(yīng)加重,肝小葉重構(gòu)假小葉形成,多種炎癥因子水平升高,持續(xù)的慢性炎癥被認(rèn)為是肝纖維化、肝硬化的關(guān)鍵因素[11]。近年來,文獻(xiàn)報道許多可用于評估全身炎癥疾病、病毒性肝炎、肝硬化、肝癌等疾病病情和預(yù)后的基于血常規(guī)構(gòu)建的簡易指標(biāo),如中性粒細(xì)胞/淋巴細(xì)胞比值(neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio,NLR)、血小板/淋巴細(xì)胞比值(platelets/lymphocyte ratio,PLR)、RDW、MPV等。MPV即平均血小板體積,用于描述血小板大小,反映血小板活性。有研究表明[12-13],MPV與炎癥反應(yīng)、免疫損傷、血栓形成等眾多生理病理過程均密切相關(guān),對評估病毒性肝炎、肝硬化、肝癌等多種肝病病情及預(yù)后有一定價值[14-15]。慢性丙型肝炎患者M(jìn)PV水平與肝纖維化嚴(yán)重程度相關(guān)[16]。在NAFLD患者中,MPV與促炎細(xì)胞因子,如腫瘤壞死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor,TNF-α)和白細(xì)胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)以及其他全身炎癥標(biāo)志物如C反應(yīng)蛋白(C-reactiveprotein,CRP)呈正相關(guān),證實(shí)MPV可以反映NAFLD中持續(xù)炎癥反應(yīng)和纖維化[17]。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化患者的MPV較NASH組、健康組水平高,惡化組MPV較好轉(zhuǎn)組水平高,二元logistic回歸示MPV是非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化患者預(yù)后不良的危險因素。由此可認(rèn)為,非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化惡化組的炎癥反應(yīng)更重,Ceylan等[18]也認(rèn)為,MPV可預(yù)測肝臟炎癥程度。已知在肝硬化發(fā)展過程中IL-6、TNF-α生成增加,炎癥因子刺激血小板活化[19-20],體積更大的血小板功能更活躍,有利于促進(jìn)中性粒細(xì)胞聚集,抑制炎癥反應(yīng)。其次,非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化患者常伴有胰島素抵抗、血脂異常,脂質(zhì)過氧化反應(yīng)致血管內(nèi)皮損傷,血小板在損傷部位聚集,參與微血栓形成,MPV與血小板聚集、凝血酶B2釋放均有關(guān)[21]。本研究ROC曲線顯示,MPV為9.050 fl可作為預(yù)測非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化預(yù)后的截?cái)嘀?,若MPV>9.050 fl,考慮預(yù)后較差,應(yīng)及時給予積極治療措施。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,MPV隨著Child-Pugh評分升高而增加,有較好的相關(guān)性。Child-Pugh評分為臨床預(yù)測肝硬化患者病情嚴(yán)重程度及預(yù)后的常用指標(biāo),提示MPV與非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化患者的疾病嚴(yán)重程度相關(guān),高M(jìn)PV的肝硬化患者肝功能損傷更嚴(yán)重,預(yù)后不良,與既往研究結(jié)果吻合[22]。此外,本研究結(jié)果顯示,入院合并糖尿病的比例在非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化惡化組和好轉(zhuǎn)組比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。有研究表明,肝纖維化進(jìn)展速度與糖尿病相關(guān)[23],對盡早處理并發(fā)癥、延緩疾病發(fā)展有一定指導(dǎo)作用。
FIB-4指數(shù)是一種無創(chuàng)性工具,通過收集患者的年齡和簡單的血液檢測結(jié)果評估肝纖維化程度及預(yù)后,包括判斷非酒精性脂肪性肝病、慢性乙型肝炎或慢性丙型肝炎患者的晚期纖維化[24-25]。FIB-4指數(shù)分值越高,提示病情越重,預(yù)后越差,且FIB-4指數(shù)對顯著性肝纖維化及肝硬化的診斷價值較輕度肝纖維化更高[26]。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)[27],F(xiàn)IB-4指數(shù)可能是評估NAFLD并慢性乙型肝炎患者罹患肝細(xì)胞癌風(fēng)險的有益指標(biāo)。本研究結(jié)果顯示,惡化組患者FIB-4指數(shù)顯著高于好轉(zhuǎn)組,F(xiàn)IB-4指數(shù)為患者預(yù)后的獨(dú)立預(yù)測指標(biāo),考慮惡化組肝纖維化程度較好轉(zhuǎn)組更嚴(yán)重。FIB-4指數(shù)計(jì)算簡便,較Child-Pugh評分更能快速評估肝硬化患者病情及預(yù)后。
鑒于FIB-4指數(shù)中沒有與炎癥因子相關(guān)的指標(biāo),本研究將MPV與FIB-4指數(shù)聯(lián)合對非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化預(yù)后進(jìn)行評估,結(jié)果顯若FIB-4指數(shù)>8.089,提示患者預(yù)后差,臨床應(yīng)進(jìn)行積極干預(yù),兩指標(biāo)聯(lián)合后檢驗(yàn)效能明顯提高,曲線下面積增大為0.884,敏感度和特異度增加,可為臨床病情預(yù)后的評估提供新方法和思路。
本研究的局限性:(1)本研究為單中心回顧性分析,樣本量相對較小,尚需進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行多中心、大樣本研究。(2)隨訪期間的治療方案未納入影響因素中。(3)MPV病程中為連續(xù)波動數(shù)值,是否動態(tài)監(jiān)測其水平變化能否更好探討與本病預(yù)后的關(guān)系仍需進(jìn)一步探索。
綜上所述,回顧性分析非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化患者無創(chuàng)性相關(guān)指標(biāo),發(fā)現(xiàn)MPV在肝臟炎癥損傷較重時水平更高,考慮若MPV水平持續(xù)較高,病情進(jìn)展可能性大,應(yīng)及時積極干預(yù)。同時MPV聯(lián)合FIB-4指數(shù)相較于獨(dú)立FIB-4指數(shù)對非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化患者預(yù)后有更高的預(yù)測價值,可進(jìn)一步提高評估預(yù)后的準(zhǔn)確度,有利于提高整體救治率,及時調(diào)整治療方案。
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(收稿日期:2021-09-06)