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        EGFR-TKI和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療治療EGFR突變非小細胞肺癌藥物經(jīng)濟學(xué)評價系統(tǒng)綜述

        2022-04-04 00:06:32陳風(fēng)揚董作軍王超君王靖雯孫國君
        上海醫(yī)藥 2022年5期

        陳風(fēng)揚 董作軍 王超君 王靖雯 孫國君

        摘 要 目的:綜合評價酪氨酸激酶抑制劑(tyrosine kinase inhibitor,TKI)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療用于治療表皮生長因子受體(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)突變晚期非小細胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC )的藥物經(jīng)濟學(xué)研究,探討EGFR-TKI和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療的經(jīng)濟性。方法:從中英文數(shù)據(jù)庫檢索EGFR-TKI和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療用于NSCLC治療的藥物經(jīng)濟學(xué)評價文獻,系統(tǒng)綜述評價結(jié)果。結(jié)果:11篇研究認為EGFR-TKI具有經(jīng)濟性,3篇認為化療經(jīng)濟性更好,4篇認為EGFR-TKI和化療序貫治療具有經(jīng)濟性。結(jié)論:目前,EGFR-TKI較標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療治療EGFR突變晚期NSCLC患者更具經(jīng)濟性,但決策者應(yīng)結(jié)合國情判斷其他國家和地區(qū)藥物經(jīng)濟學(xué)評價結(jié)果的外推性。

        關(guān)鍵詞 EGFR-TKI 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療 非小細胞肺癌 藥物經(jīng)濟學(xué)評價

        中圖分類號:R979.19; R956 文獻標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號:1006-1533(2022)05-0032-04

        引用本文 陳風(fēng)揚, 董作軍, 王超君, 等. EGFR-TKI和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療治療EGFR突變非小細胞肺癌藥物經(jīng)濟學(xué)評價系統(tǒng)綜述[J]. 上海醫(yī)藥, 2022, 43(5): 32-35; 49.

        System review of the pharmacoeconomic evaluation of EGFR-TKI and standard chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR mutation

        CHEN Fengyang1, DONG Zuojun1, WANG Chaojun2, WANG Jingwen1, SUN Guojun1

        (1. School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzou 310014, China; 2. Hangzhou Aeronautical Sanatorium for Special Service of Chinese Air Force, Hangzhou 310007, China)

        ABSTRACT Objective: To comprehensively evaluate the pharmacoeconomic study of tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKI) and standard chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and to explore the economy of TKI and standard chemotherapy. Methods: The literatures of pharmacoeconomic evaluation of EGFR-TKI and standard chemotherapy for NSCLC were searched from Chinese and English databases, and the results were systematically reviewed. Results: Eleven studies were considered that the EGFR-TKI treatment regimen was economical, three studies were considered that chemotherapy was more economical, and four studies were considered that EGFR-TKI and sequential chemotherapy were economical. Conclusion: At present, EGFR-TKI is more economical than standard chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutation,but decision makers should judge the extrapolation of pharmacoeconomic evaluation results in other countries and regions according to their national conditions.

        KEy WORDS EGFR-TKI; standard chemotherapy; non-small cell lung cancer; pharmacoeconomic evaluation

        在中國,肺癌是最常見的惡性腫瘤,占2018年新確診惡性腫瘤的18%[1]。非小細胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)約占肺癌的80%~85%,約46%的NSCLC患者診斷時已是局部晚期或發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移[2]。其中,EGFR突變在中國非小細胞肺癌患者中非常普遍,在35%~50%的個體被檢測為表皮生長因子受體(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)突變NSCLC[3]。

        NSCLC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療是以鉑類為基礎(chǔ)的4~6周期的雙藥聯(lián)合化療,常用的聯(lián)合藥物主要為第三代細胞毒性藥物如吉西他濱、培美曲塞、紫杉醇等。但化療的臨床效果并不理想,其中位總生存期(overall survival,OS)僅1年[4]。然而隨著NSCLC精準(zhǔn)醫(yī)療的不斷發(fā)展,酪氨酸激酶抑制劑(tyrosine kinase inhibitor,TKI)臨床的應(yīng)用越發(fā)廣泛。在EGFR-TKI的臨床效果得到充分肯定之后,國內(nèi)外學(xué)者更加關(guān)注藥物的經(jīng)濟性。本文將系統(tǒng)回顧EGFR-TKI和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療治療EGFR突變NSCLC藥物經(jīng)濟學(xué)評價文獻,探討二者的經(jīng)濟性。

        1.1 文獻檢索

        檢索Web of Science平臺、PubMed數(shù)據(jù)庫、中國學(xué)術(shù)期刊全文數(shù)據(jù)庫有關(guān)EGFR-TKI用于治療EGFR突變NSCLC藥物經(jīng)濟學(xué)評價文獻。同時,檢索相關(guān)綜述,通過綜述的引用文獻進一步完善檢索結(jié)果。檢索語言為中文和英文。

        1.2 納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

        通過人工排除會議摘要、非藥物經(jīng)濟學(xué)評價和不可及文獻,以及對標(biāo)題、摘要篩選,共有18篇文獻納入EGFR-TKI用于治療EGFR突變晚期NSCLC藥物經(jīng)濟學(xué)分析文獻。

        2.1 藥物經(jīng)濟學(xué)評價文獻分析結(jié)果

        藥物經(jīng)濟學(xué)評價文獻分析結(jié)果見表1。在納入的18篇文獻中,有11篇認為EGFR-TKI具有成本效果[5-15];3篇認為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療治療具有成本效果[16-18];4篇認為EGFRTKI與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療序貫治療更具經(jīng)濟性[19-22]。

        2.2 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療更具經(jīng)濟性

        Lu等[16]以中國醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體系作為研究角度,評估四種一線策略(培美曲塞加順鉑、培美曲塞加順鉑化療后培美曲塞維持治療、吉非替尼、??颂婺幔┑慕?jīng)濟性。結(jié)果表明培美曲塞維持治療最具經(jīng)濟性。他也提到當(dāng)埃克替尼和吉非替尼可贈藥時,??颂婺釋⒏哂薪?jīng)濟性。 Tan等[17]對阿法替尼與順鉑聯(lián)合培美曲塞進行成本效果分析。研究表明,在新加坡公共衛(wèi)生體系下使用阿法替尼一線治療EGFR突變晚期NSCLC并不具有經(jīng)濟性。Wu等[18]在美國和中國衛(wèi)生體系下對第三代奧西替尼治與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療治療伴腦轉(zhuǎn)移EGFR突變晚期NSCLC進行經(jīng)濟性評估研究,結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)前無論是美國還是中國衛(wèi)生體系下,奧西替尼的ICER都超過意愿支付(willingness to pay,WTP)閾值,因此標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療更具經(jīng)濟性。

        2.3 EGFR-TKI更具經(jīng)濟性

        在歐美,眾多研究充分肯定了EGFR-TKI較化療的經(jīng)濟性。在EGFR突變NSCLC患者更為常見的亞洲,EGFR-TKI同樣被證實是更經(jīng)濟的。趙子影等[8]和Narita等[10]分別在日本和中國衛(wèi)生體系下對吉非替尼聯(lián)合EGFR檢測和紫杉醇聯(lián)合卡鉑(PC)一線治療進行了成本效果分析。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),與PC相比,吉非替尼聯(lián)合EGFR檢測在WTP閾值下更具成本效果。Wen等[14]和Gu等[15]則對多個EGFR-TKI藥物與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療進行藥物經(jīng)濟學(xué)評價,他們得出雖然EGFR-TKI藥物之間的經(jīng)濟性有差異,但其經(jīng)濟性皆優(yōu)于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療。Wen等[14]將厄洛替尼與順鉑聯(lián)合吉西他濱治療亞洲NSCLC患者進行比較,厄洛替尼方案與化療方案的PFS分別為11.81個月和5.81個月,OS分別為24.68個月和26.16個月。化療方案的ICER為174 808美元/QALY,超過WTP閾值,所以不具有經(jīng)濟性。Gu等[15]基于多個臨床試驗以及文獻meta分析結(jié)果,間接比較多個EGFR-TKI及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療在中國一線治療的經(jīng)濟性得出EGFR-TKI藥物更具成本效果優(yōu)勢。

        2.4 EGFR-TKI與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療序貫治療更具經(jīng)濟性

        對于晚期EGFR突變晚期NSCLC患者,EGFR-TKI與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療序貫治療更符合實際治療過程。Lopes等[20]以新加波患者角度對一線使用吉非替尼,二線使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療以及一線使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療二線使用吉非替尼進行成本效果評價。結(jié)果顯示,一線使用吉非替尼,二線使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療可節(jié)省成本2 400美元,增加0.91個QALY,更具成本效果。Cai等[21]和Lasalvia等[22]分別以中國與哥倫比亞衛(wèi)生體系下對第三代EGFR-TKI-奧西替尼治療EGFR突變NSCLC的經(jīng)濟性進行了評估。結(jié)果表明,由于奧西替尼價格昂貴,一線使用奧西替尼雖取得較好的臨床效果,但經(jīng)濟性較差。因此在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)EGFR-TKI治療進展后使用奧西替尼更具經(jīng)濟性。

        本研究對EGFR-TKI和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療治療EGFR突變NSCLC的藥物經(jīng)濟學(xué)評價進行了全面的系統(tǒng)評價。結(jié)果表明,EGFR-TKI較標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療治療EGFR突變NSCLC在經(jīng)濟性方面有更好的優(yōu)勢。但國家和地區(qū)之間衛(wèi)生體系和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平有差異性,醫(yī)療決策部門應(yīng)結(jié)合國情判斷其他國家和地區(qū)EGFR-TKI和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療藥物經(jīng)濟學(xué)評價結(jié)果的外推性。

        在成本數(shù)據(jù)搜集方面,研究者只考慮藥品價格、不良反應(yīng)(3級以上)管理費用、住院治療、疾病進展治療等直接醫(yī)療成本。因國內(nèi)缺少晚期NSCLC效用值研究,因此國內(nèi)藥物經(jīng)濟學(xué)評價文獻多借鑒其他國家晚期NSCLC患者效用值研究。成本和效用值的差異會直接妨礙最終經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)出的結(jié)果,所以研究者會通過敏感性分析觀察數(shù)據(jù)不確定性對結(jié)論的影響。

        在模型選擇方面,Markov模型可以模擬治療周期,預(yù)測未來的臨床治療效果以及經(jīng)濟性,所以Markov模型受到學(xué)界的廣泛認可。鑒于缺乏直接的臨床數(shù)據(jù),國內(nèi)外學(xué)者通過提取臨床文獻的生存曲線,重建患者個體數(shù)據(jù),并進行生存函數(shù)擬合的方式獲得Markov模型的轉(zhuǎn)移概率[23]。但Markov模型使用時需要假設(shè)條件,且假設(shè)缺少可靠的理論支撐。為了避免Markov模型中大量的模型假設(shè)和轉(zhuǎn)移概率計算,很多學(xué)者將分區(qū)生存模型運用到藥物經(jīng)濟學(xué)評價中[24]。

        另外,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)盡管EGFR-TKI較標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療在一線治療EGFR突變晚期NSCLC的臨床療效和經(jīng)濟性有一定優(yōu)勢,但標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療在二線治療以及聯(lián)合治療中發(fā)揮著積極作用。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療仍為EGFR突變晚期NSCLC患者具有經(jīng)濟性的輔助治療方案。

        目前,EGFR-TKI較化療治療EGFR突變晚期NSCLC患者有更好的經(jīng)濟性。但仍需要來自不同國家和地區(qū)對EGFR-TKI和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療進行衛(wèi)生經(jīng)濟學(xué)評估評估。醫(yī)療決策部門在制定決策時應(yīng)結(jié)合國情判斷其他國家和地區(qū)EGFR-TKI和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療藥物經(jīng)濟學(xué)評價結(jié)果的外推性。

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