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        微酸性電解水對(duì)受雞糞液污染雞蛋表面沙門氏菌的噴霧消毒效果

        2021-12-30 03:02:08袁興云張貝貝莫慶楠臧一天
        關(guān)鍵詞:電解水雞糞沙門氏菌

        袁興云,張貝貝,莫慶楠,臧一天

        微酸性電解水對(duì)受雞糞液污染雞蛋表面沙門氏菌的噴霧消毒效果

        袁興云,張貝貝,莫慶楠,臧一天※

        (南昌市動(dòng)物健康與安全生產(chǎn)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)動(dòng)物科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院,南昌 330045)

        為驗(yàn)證僅采用微酸性電解水(Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water,SAEW)對(duì)污染雞糞液雞蛋進(jìn)行噴霧清洗和消毒,能否緩解雞糞等有機(jī)物對(duì)消毒效果干擾問(wèn)題,同時(shí)找出最佳有效氯濃度和消毒時(shí)間。該研究采用噴霧方式,按先清洗后消毒的流程對(duì)比雙蒸水(H2O)+H2O組(清洗和消毒都用滅菌過(guò)的H2O)、堿性電解水(Electronized Reduced Water,ERW)+ERW組(清洗和消毒都用ERW)、H2O+SAEW組(先用滅菌過(guò)的H2O清洗,再用SAEW消毒)、ERW+SAEW組(先用ERW清洗,再用SAEW消毒)、SAEW+SAEW組(清洗和消毒都用SAEW)等方式對(duì)污染雞糞液雞蛋表面沙門氏菌的殺滅效果,并采用多元非線性回歸擬合殺菌模型,評(píng)估了有效氯濃度和消毒時(shí)間對(duì)SAEW+SAEW組和ERW+SAEW組的影響。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),僅采用SAEW對(duì)污染雞糞液的雞蛋進(jìn)行噴霧殺菌方式,可有效避免雞糞液對(duì)SAEW殺菌效果干擾,當(dāng)采用SAEW(ACC (Available Chlorine Concentration)= 25 mg/L)進(jìn)行噴霧清洗和消毒,清洗時(shí)間10 s,消毒時(shí)間18 s時(shí),可完全殺滅污染雞糞液雞蛋表面沙門氏菌,殺菌值達(dá)到6.26 lgcfu/個(gè);SAEW+SAEW組模型決定系數(shù)和調(diào)整決定系數(shù)分別為0.933和0.930,ERW+SAEW組分別為0.926和0.923;驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)中,SAEW+SAEW組和ERW+SAEW組實(shí)際值和預(yù)測(cè)值的相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為0.97和0.95;模型成立,該研究可為SAEW在雞蛋消毒中的應(yīng)用提供參考。

        噴霧;消毒;微酸性電解水;雞蛋;沙門氏菌

        0 引 言

        雞蛋因含大量必需氨基酸,且價(jià)格穩(wěn)定,在人們飲食結(jié)構(gòu)中占據(jù)重要地位[1],然而雞蛋在生產(chǎn)及運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中不可避免的會(huì)受到大腸桿菌,甚至沙門氏菌的污染,從而帶有食品安全隱患,威脅消費(fèi)者健康[2-3],因此消毒成為了雞蛋銷售前必須步驟,在美國(guó)及歐盟食品安全法中規(guī)定,雞蛋必須在進(jìn)行清洗消毒后才能到市場(chǎng)出售[4]。目前市面上廣泛使用的消毒劑,如氯、碘和過(guò)氧化氫等都存在不同程度的弊端,如化學(xué)殘留、消毒效果不高、成本高昂或?qū)Νh(huán)境不友好等特性使其市場(chǎng)接受度并不高[5]。因此,研發(fā)新的無(wú)殘留、高效且廉價(jià)的消毒劑以替代氯制劑便顯得非常重要。

        電解水是目前食品和畜牧場(chǎng)中開始應(yīng)用的一種環(huán)保型消毒劑,因其殘留較少,價(jià)格不高從而在各領(lǐng)域開始廣泛研究應(yīng)用[6-10]。早在2004年,Bialka等[11]就評(píng)估了酸性電解水(Acidic Electrolyzed Water,AEW)對(duì)蛋殼表面大腸桿菌和沙門氏菌的殺滅效果,發(fā)現(xiàn)有效氯濃度為70 mg/L的AEW對(duì)大腸桿菌和沙門氏菌的殺菌值可達(dá)到2.6 lgcfu/g,且對(duì)蛋白高度和蛋殼強(qiáng)度沒有顯著影響,但AEW的高腐蝕性對(duì)雞蛋殼膜的破壞具有顯著影響。因此,為解決AEW因低pH環(huán)境而腐蝕性高的問(wèn)題,2009年,Cao等[12]使用有效氯濃度為15 mg/L的微酸性電解水(Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water,SAEW)對(duì)雞蛋表面腸炎沙門氏菌進(jìn)行消毒,發(fā)現(xiàn)處理3 min,可以完全殺滅雞蛋表面沙門氏菌,且其殺菌值可達(dá)到6.5 lgcfu/g,可作為一種雞蛋表面消毒劑使用;2014年,Ni等[13]也將SAEW、二氧化氯和次氯酸鈉溶液應(yīng)用于雞蛋表面腸炎沙門氏菌的消毒,發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)有效氯濃度為80和100 mg/L時(shí),SAEW的殺菌活性明顯高于二氧化氯和次氯酸鈉溶液;2019年Zang等[5]研究表明相對(duì)于AEW和次氯酸鈉溶液,SAEW消毒雞蛋更能延長(zhǎng)雞蛋的保鮮期,原因是其對(duì)雞蛋表面腐蝕較小,進(jìn)而減少了水分和二氧化碳在雞蛋貯藏期間從因消毒而損傷的蛋殼空隙流失。這些研究表明SAEW可作為一種控制雞蛋表面細(xì)菌的可行消毒劑,然而,SAEW在消毒過(guò)程中極易受到有機(jī)物的干擾使得消毒效果不佳,而雞蛋在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中不可避免的也會(huì)受到雞糞或羽毛的污染,這些有機(jī)質(zhì)會(huì)對(duì)SAEW的消毒效果產(chǎn)生干擾,而很多研究表明,有機(jī)物對(duì)SAEW消毒效果的影響是因SAEW中的HClO與有機(jī)物發(fā)生氧化還原反應(yīng),使HClO含量減少,進(jìn)而減少SAEW的殺菌效果[14-15]。Bing等[16]曾研究表明,當(dāng)雞蛋污染有雞糞液時(shí),SAEW對(duì)其表面沙門氏菌和大腸桿菌的殺滅作用顯著性下降,因此,如何解決雞糞等有機(jī)物對(duì)SAEW消毒雞蛋的干擾,成為了SAEW在雞蛋消毒應(yīng)用中的瓶頸問(wèn)題。

        本文采用堿性電解水或滅菌過(guò)的雙蒸水先噴霧清洗,再采用SAEW噴霧消毒處理的方式與單獨(dú)SAEW、單獨(dú)堿性電解水、單獨(dú)雙蒸水噴霧清洗消毒的效果做對(duì)比,驗(yàn)證在對(duì)污染雞糞液的雞蛋進(jìn)行消毒時(shí),僅采用SAEW進(jìn)行噴霧消毒,能否解決雞糞等有機(jī)物對(duì)SAEW消毒雞蛋的干擾問(wèn)題,達(dá)到高效消毒效果。

        1 材料與方法

        1.1 試驗(yàn)材料

        1.1.1 菌種

        腸炎沙門氏菌(,.,BNCC-103134)購(gòu)自商城北納創(chuàng)聯(lián)生物科技有限公司。

        1.1.2 培養(yǎng)基、試劑和設(shè)備

        平板計(jì)數(shù)瓊脂、0.1%蛋白胨水溶液培養(yǎng)基、胰蛋白胨大豆肉湯,北京奧博星生物技術(shù)有限責(zé)任公司生產(chǎn);NaCl、HCl等化學(xué)試劑均為分析純。雙蒸水采用SZ-93型自動(dòng)雙重水蒸餾器(上海銀澤儀器設(shè)備有限公司)制取,并采用DGS-280C高壓滅菌鍋(上海力辰邦西儀器科技有限公司)進(jìn)行滅菌后備用。

        消毒液制造機(jī)(中山市李夫人電器有限公司);自制有隔膜堿性電解水發(fā)生裝置;YJ-VS型超凈工作臺(tái)(無(wú)錫一凈凈化設(shè)備有限公司);PYX-DHS-40×50-BS-II隔水式電熱恒溫培養(yǎng)箱(上海躍進(jìn)醫(yī)療器械廠);CHA-S氣浴恒溫振蕩器(江蘇榮華儀器制造有限公司);LDZX-50KBS立式壓力蒸汽滅菌器(上海申安醫(yī)療器械廠);YXL-1A有效氯檢測(cè)儀(上海海爭(zhēng)電子科技有限公司);SX-630型筆式ORP(Oxidation-Reduction Potential,氧化還原電位)計(jì)(上海三信儀表廠);pH計(jì)(HM-30R);HH-2數(shù)顯恒溫水浴鍋(上海力辰邦西儀器科技有限公司);SX-CS5C肩負(fù)式手動(dòng)壓縮噴霧器(市下控股有限公司);微型螺旋混合儀,移液槍,雞蛋夾等。

        1.1.3 電解水制備

        SAEW制備:采用消毒液制造機(jī)制備,用自來(lái)水配制1 g/L NaCl溶液2 L,加入0.35 mL濃HCl后,電解1.5 h制得pH值6.13、有效氯濃度(Available Chlorine Concentration,ACC)為42 mg/L的SAEW,隨后用滅菌過(guò)的雙蒸水稀釋以得到所需的有效氯濃度5、15、25、35 mg/L,測(cè)定pH值和ORP值,備用。

        堿性電解水(Electrolyzed Reduced Water,ERW)的制備:采用自制有隔膜堿性電解水發(fā)生裝置制備,該裝置的基本結(jié)構(gòu)由以下幾個(gè)部分組成:電源系統(tǒng)(可將交流電源轉(zhuǎn)為直流電)和控制器、鈦鉑合金電極、隔膜、電解槽、電壓(0-30 V)。用自來(lái)水配制1 g/L NaCl溶液6 L,150 V電壓、0.31 A電流電解1.5 h制得pH值11.21、ORP值-886 mV的ERW,備用。

        1.1.4 菌懸液的制備

        將.凍干粉接種到胰蛋白胨大豆肉湯上,37 ℃震蕩培養(yǎng)24 h活化,然后以1∶1的比例與40%的甘油在凍存管中混合后,置入-80 ℃冰箱保存?zhèn)溆谩?/p>

        取凍存管一根,37 ℃水浴2 min速溶,倒入胰蛋白胨大豆肉湯中,37 ℃震蕩培養(yǎng)24 h后,取10 mL培養(yǎng)物置于冷凍離心機(jī)中,4 ℃、4 000 r/min離心10 min,棄上清液,沉淀物用0.1%的蛋白胨水洗滌3次,離心,棄上清液,沉淀物用10 mL 0.1%蛋白胨水制成8~9 lg cfu/mL的菌懸液備用。

        1.1.5 雞糞污染液的制備

        稱取30 g的干雞糞,加入500 mL的滅菌過(guò)的雙蒸水制成質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為6%濃度的雞糞液,雞糞液置入高壓滅菌鍋中121 ℃滅菌15 min后放入超凈工作臺(tái)。取10 mL菌懸液與500 mL雞糞液混勻,制成含菌數(shù)7~8 lg cfu/mL的雞糞污染液備用。

        1.2 試驗(yàn)方法

        1.2.1 雞蛋準(zhǔn)備和雞糞污染液接種

        大小均一的新鮮雞蛋(57 ± 2)g購(gòu)買于附近農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng),用自來(lái)水沖洗,用稀釋的84消毒液(有效氯濃度29 mg/L)浸泡10 min,取出后用滅菌過(guò)的雙蒸水反復(fù)沖洗以去除表面的84消毒液,將雞蛋放在超凈工作臺(tái)晾干備用。

        用準(zhǔn)備好的雞糞污染液接種已清洗的雞蛋。為使雞蛋表面的雞糞分布均勻,每個(gè)雞蛋用滅菌后的雞蛋夾夾住,浸入雞糞污染液中,逆時(shí)針轉(zhuǎn)10 s,順時(shí)針轉(zhuǎn)10 s后放入超凈工作臺(tái)室溫下干燥2 h,以便沙門氏菌在雞蛋表面附著。

        1.2.2 試驗(yàn)分組

        每次試驗(yàn)將試驗(yàn)分為1個(gè)對(duì)照組(未處理組)和5 個(gè)處理組,處理組采用噴霧處理方式,按先清洗后消毒的流程進(jìn)行。如表1所示,根據(jù)清洗和消毒流程中所用的溶液種類將處理組分為:H2O+H2O組(清洗和消毒都用滅菌過(guò)的雙蒸水)、ERW+ERW組(清洗和消毒都用ERW)、H2O+SAEW組(先用滅菌過(guò)的雙蒸水清洗,再用SAEW消毒)、ERW+SAEW組(先用ERW清洗,再用SAEW消毒)、SAEW+SAEW組(清洗和消毒都用SAEW,且ACC前后一致)。每個(gè)處理組清洗時(shí)間固定為10 s,消毒時(shí)間分為6、12、18或24 s。含SAEW的處理組(H2O+SAEW組、ERW+SAEW組和SAEW+SAEW組),清洗和消毒時(shí)SAEW的ACC為5、15、25或35 mg/L。每種處理方式都隨機(jī)選用3枚雞蛋進(jìn)行處理及測(cè)定。

        表1 試驗(yàn)分組

        注:ACC(Available Chlorine Concentration)為有效氯濃度;ERW(Electronized Reduced Water)為堿性電解水;SAEW(Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water)為微酸性電解水。下同。

        Note: ACC is Available Chlorine Concentration; ERW is Electronized Reduced Water; SAEW is Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water. The same below.

        1.2.3 處理方式

        H2O+H2O組、ERW+ERW組和SAEW+SAEW組具體處理方式如下:手動(dòng)壓縮噴霧器分別裝入不同溶液(H2O、ERW或SAEW),調(diào)節(jié)噴霧器壓力至1 kPa,將單個(gè)雞蛋用無(wú)菌手套移至已滅菌的塑料鏤空蛋托上,固定噴霧器對(duì)接種污染液的雞蛋進(jìn)行噴霧清洗10 s;清洗后,不更換溶液,用手動(dòng)壓縮噴霧器繼續(xù)噴霧消毒6、12、18或24 s。

        H2O+SAEW組和ERW+SAEW組具體處理方式如下:手動(dòng)壓縮噴霧器分別裝入H2O和ERW溶液,調(diào)節(jié)噴霧器壓力至1 kPa,將單個(gè)雞蛋用無(wú)菌手套移至已滅菌的塑料鏤空蛋托上,固定噴霧器對(duì)接種污染液的雞蛋進(jìn)行噴霧清洗10 s;清洗后,更換溶液為SAEW,繼續(xù)噴霧消毒6、12、18或24 s。

        噴霧后,雞蛋靜置1 min,用無(wú)菌棉簽蘸取適量無(wú)菌0.1%蛋白胨水,擦拭處理后雞蛋表面后,將采樣棉簽折斷,置入裝有10 mL的0.1%蛋白胨水的EP管中,檢測(cè)腸炎沙門氏菌菌落總數(shù)。

        未噴霧處理的3枚接種雞蛋作為對(duì)照組,直接放入裝有50 mL 0.1%蛋白胨水的滅菌自封袋中,反復(fù)揉搓1 min,取出雞蛋,檢測(cè)腸炎沙門氏菌菌落總數(shù)。

        1.3 微生物分析

        采用平板計(jì)數(shù)法檢測(cè)對(duì)照組和處理組樣品的腸炎沙門氏菌菌落總數(shù)。將樣品進(jìn)行充分震蕩洗脫,洗脫液進(jìn)行梯度稀釋,取0.1 mL涂板在平板計(jì)數(shù)瓊脂上,37 ℃培養(yǎng)24 h后進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù),確定雞蛋表面菌落總數(shù),計(jì)算殺菌值。

        殺菌值 = 對(duì)照組雞蛋表面菌落總數(shù)-處理組雞蛋表面菌落總數(shù),所有微生物計(jì)數(shù)單位換算成lg cfu/個(gè)。

        1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)分析

        試驗(yàn)平行進(jìn)行3次,試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)以平均值±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示。采用Origin 9.1軟件分析處理數(shù)據(jù),運(yùn)用多因素方差分析對(duì)試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì),采用LSD檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行多重比較和顯著性分析,以< 0.05為差異顯著性水平,分析不同消毒方式的殺菌效果。

        2 結(jié)果與討論

        2.1 各消毒方式對(duì)污染雞糞液雞蛋表面沙門氏菌的殺滅效果

        表2為試驗(yàn)中處理溶液的理化性質(zhì)。

        表2 處理溶液的理化性質(zhì)

        注:表中同一列上標(biāo)注的字母不同則表示具有顯著性差異(< 0.05)。下同。

        Note: Different letters in the same column in the table indicate significant differences (< 0.05). The same below.

        圖1為不同有效氯濃度下,各處理方式對(duì)污染雞糞液雞蛋表面沙門氏菌殺菌效果隨消毒時(shí)間的變化

        2004年,Bialka等[11]分別利用ERW和AEW對(duì)污染有雞糞液和大腸桿菌的雞蛋進(jìn)行消毒處理,發(fā)現(xiàn)AEW顯著性優(yōu)于ERW,其每組均采用了3個(gè)雞蛋;2009年,Cao等[12]研究利用SAEW對(duì)雞蛋表面腸炎沙門氏菌進(jìn)行消毒,發(fā)現(xiàn)15 mg/L SAEW浸泡處理3 min,可完全殺滅雞蛋表面沙門氏菌,其每組也均采用了3個(gè)雞蛋。這些研究表明,在雞蛋的消毒試驗(yàn)中,每組可采用3個(gè)雞蛋進(jìn)行重復(fù)處理,因此,在我們的消毒試驗(yàn)中,也是每組采用了3個(gè)雞蛋進(jìn)行重復(fù)處理,試驗(yàn)平行進(jìn)行了3次。

        試驗(yàn)最終結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),在對(duì)照組(未處理組)中,雞蛋表面細(xì)菌起始總數(shù)約為6.26 lgcfu/個(gè))。如圖2所示,在不同有效氯濃度下,各處理方式對(duì)污染雞糞液表面雞蛋沙門氏菌的殺菌值,隨消毒時(shí)間和有效氯濃度的增加而增加,但增加趨勢(shì)并不相同。所有包含SAEW處理組(SAEW+SAEW,H2O+SAEW,ERW+SAEW)的殺菌效果均顯著性高于H2O+H2O和ERW+ERW處理組,且SAEW+SAEW組和ERW+SAEW組在ACC = 25 mg/L,消毒時(shí)間為18 s時(shí),殺菌值便已達(dá)到6.26 lgcfu/個(gè),即可完全殺滅雞蛋表面沙門氏菌,證明了SAEW對(duì)雞蛋表面沙門氏菌具有極顯著的殺滅效果,是一種可以用于雞蛋消毒的消毒劑。這與Zang等[5]將SAEW用于污染雞蛋表面的沙門氏菌的消毒中,同時(shí)對(duì)比了SAEW和AEW及NaClO對(duì)雞蛋貯藏期的影響,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),相對(duì)于AEW和NaClO,SAEW組雞蛋表面沙門氏菌基本被完全殺滅,同時(shí)其在貯藏期間的失重率相對(duì)較少的研究結(jié)果一致。SAEW殺菌效果較好的原因在于SAEW因pH近似中性,其有效氯中的主要成分為次氯酸(大于85%)[17],而次氯酸的殺菌效果遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于次氯酸根,相同濃度下,其殺菌效果是次氯酸根的80倍[18]。

        圖1中還可以看出,ERW+ERW組在消毒時(shí)間較短(6,12,18 s)的情況下,其殺菌效果顯著高于H2O+H2O組;當(dāng)消毒時(shí)間為24 s時(shí)殺菌效果仍高于H2O+H2O組,但不顯著,表明ERW處理對(duì)雞蛋表面雞糞液的清洗效果優(yōu)于H2O處理。ERW+SAEW組消毒效果優(yōu)于H2O+SAEW組同樣也證實(shí)了這一結(jié)果。該結(jié)果與Koseki等[19]將ERW、無(wú)菌水和酸性電解水預(yù)處理生菜,ERW組微生物種群數(shù)減少了1.8 lgcfu/g,顯著高于無(wú)菌水組和酸性電解水的研究結(jié)果一致,其原因可能在于ERW因富含大量的氫氧化鈉和氫氣而具有高效去除污漬的效果[20]。

        然而,本文研究結(jié)果中,有和之前類似的研究有不一樣的地方。如圖1所示,SAEW+SAEW組和ERW+SAEW組在較低有效氯濃度和較少消毒時(shí)間處理時(shí),即當(dāng)其消毒效果都未達(dá)到完全殺滅雞蛋表面沙門氏菌時(shí),SAEW+SAEW組的殺菌效果優(yōu)于ERW+SAEW組,該結(jié)果同樣表明前期SAEW對(duì)雞糞液的清洗效果或許優(yōu)于ERW。然而,Ni等[13]曾將ERW和SAEW組合用以雞蛋的浸泡消毒,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)ERW和SAEW組合的滅菌效果要優(yōu)于SAEW組的單獨(dú)浸泡處理。對(duì)于兩者結(jié)果的不同,可能是對(duì)雞蛋的處理方式不同造成的。Zang等[21]曾研究了SAEW對(duì)污染雞糞液的不同材料的噴霧消毒,發(fā)現(xiàn)物體表面光滑程度會(huì)決定雞糞液的黏附性,從而影響清洗或消毒效果,在光滑材料表面,雞糞等有機(jī)物對(duì)SAEW消毒效果的影響顯著減少。本研究采用的是噴霧處理雞蛋,Ni等[13]采用的是浸泡處理雞蛋,噴霧相對(duì)于浸泡具有更強(qiáng)的清洗沖力,并且雞蛋表面光滑,對(duì)雞糞液的粘附力較小,噴霧可以相對(duì)輕易地去清洗掉雞蛋表面雞糞液,減少油污對(duì)消毒效果的干擾。

        以上結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了本文起初提出的假設(shè),即將浸泡改為噴霧,在噴霧作用下,靠噴霧的沖力,可以使SAEW在對(duì)雞蛋消毒時(shí)有效避免有機(jī)物對(duì)其殺菌效果的干擾。當(dāng)然,在面對(duì)粗糙度較高的物品進(jìn)行消毒時(shí),若該物品表面污染有機(jī)物質(zhì),因其對(duì)有機(jī)物的黏附力較高,對(duì)其表面有機(jī)物的去除或許應(yīng)先采用去污能力較強(qiáng)的清洗劑,隨后再用SAEW等消毒劑進(jìn)行消毒。

        2.2 SAEW+SAEW和ERW+SAEW對(duì)污染雞糞液雞蛋表面沙門氏菌的消毒模型構(gòu)建

        表3中數(shù)據(jù)為SAEW+SAEW組和ERW+SAEW組在不同清洗劑清洗10 s后,不同ACC和消毒時(shí)間下對(duì)污染雞糞液雞蛋表面沙門氏菌的殺菌值。參考Zang等[22]的SAEW對(duì)污染雞糞液的光滑雞籠表面沙門氏菌的殺菌模型,利用Origin 9.1對(duì)表3中數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行多元非線性擬合,分別得到SAEW+SAEW和ERW+SAEW對(duì)污染雞糞液雞蛋表面沙門氏菌的消毒模型:

        表3 不同ACC和消毒時(shí)間下SAEW+SAEW和ERW+SAEW組對(duì)污染雞糞液雞蛋表面沙門氏菌的殺菌值

        SAEW+SAEW對(duì)污染雞糞液雞蛋表面沙門氏菌的消毒模型

        =0.0911+0.0982+0.953+4.57×10-412(1)

        式中為殺菌值,單位為lgcfu/個(gè),1為ACC,mg/L,2為消毒時(shí)間,s。模型的決定系數(shù)2為0.933,調(diào)整2為0.930。模型通過(guò)ANOVA分析驗(yàn)證模型成立(< 0.01)。

        ERW+SAEW對(duì)污染雞糞液雞蛋表面沙門氏菌的消毒模型

        =0.0811+0.0962+0.571+0.00212(2)

        式中為殺菌值,單位為lgcfu/個(gè),1為ACC,mg/L,2為消毒時(shí)間,s。模型的決定系數(shù)2為0.926,調(diào)整2為0.923。模型通過(guò)ANOVA分析驗(yàn)證模型成立(< 0.01)。

        公式(1)和公式(2)中1的系數(shù)分別為0.091和0.081,說(shuō)明值即殺菌值與ACC成顯著性正相關(guān),這與Quan等[23]和Zang等[22]的研究結(jié)果一致。Quan等[23]研究認(rèn)為,相對(duì)于其他因素,ACC是影響SAEW殺菌效果的主要因素。Zang等[22]分別分析了ACC、殺菌時(shí)間和清洗時(shí)間對(duì)SAEW殺滅污染雞糞液雞籠表面沙門氏菌效果的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)ACC對(duì)SAEW殺滅效果的影響要大于殺菌時(shí)間和清洗時(shí)間。

        另外,SAEW+SAEW組相對(duì)于ERW+SAEW組,ACC對(duì)殺菌值的影響更大(0.091 > 0.081),即同樣消毒時(shí)間下,ACC的增加會(huì)使SAEW+SAEW組殺菌值的增加量大于ERW+SAEW組,這從另一方面也說(shuō)明了在前期清洗階段,SAEW對(duì)雞蛋表面雞糞液的清洗效果可能優(yōu)于ERW。該結(jié)果也驗(yàn)證了我們前面提出的假設(shè),在對(duì)雞蛋進(jìn)行消毒時(shí),將浸泡改為噴霧后,可以增強(qiáng)SAEW的清洗效果,并有效避免有機(jī)物對(duì)SAEW殺菌效果的干擾,顯著性增強(qiáng)后期SAEW的消毒效果。

        公式(1)和公式(2)中2的系數(shù)分別為0.098和0.096,說(shuō)明值即殺菌值與處理時(shí)間成顯著性正相關(guān)。這也與很多人的研究結(jié)果相符合[24-27]。

        公式(1)和公式(2)中12的系數(shù)分別為4.57×10-4和0.002,根據(jù)方差分析結(jié)果,其系數(shù)不具有顯著性(> 0.05),證明消毒時(shí)間和有效氯濃度之間并不具有顯著的協(xié)同作用。

        2.3 模型驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)

        為驗(yàn)證已建立模型的準(zhǔn)確性,隨機(jī)選取了8個(gè)試驗(yàn)組(表4)進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn),研究結(jié)果證明兩個(gè)模型的實(shí)際值和預(yù)測(cè)值之間具有一致性(< 0.000 1),且決定系數(shù)2分別為0.97(SAEW+SAEW)和0.95(ERW+SAEW),都接近于1,該結(jié)果表明兩個(gè)模型得到的實(shí)際值與預(yù)測(cè)值基本相符合,兩個(gè)模型成立;模型可以用于預(yù)測(cè)微酸性電解水對(duì)污染雞糞液雞蛋表面沙門氏菌的殺菌效果。

        表4 驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)及結(jié)果

        3 結(jié) 論

        SAEW(Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water)可以有效殺滅污染雞糞液雞蛋表面沙門氏菌,在進(jìn)行噴霧殺菌時(shí),清洗和消毒都用SAEW的清洗殺菌效果優(yōu)于ERW+SAEW的組合,優(yōu)于其他處理組;單獨(dú)采用SAEW對(duì)污染雞糞液的雞蛋進(jìn)行噴霧殺菌方式,可以有效避免雞糞液對(duì)SAEW殺菌效果的干擾,當(dāng)僅采用SAEW(ACC (Available Chlorine Concentration) = 25 mg/L,)進(jìn)行清洗和消毒,清洗時(shí)間10 s,消毒時(shí)間18 s時(shí),可以完全殺滅污染雞糞液表面沙門氏菌,殺菌值達(dá)到6.26 lgcfu/個(gè)。

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        Disinfection efficacy of slightly acidic electrolyzed water sprayed onon the chicken manure contaminated eggs

        Yuan Xingyun, Zhang Beibei, Mo Qingnan, Zang Yitian※

        (,,,330045,)

        Salmonella enteritidis () infection has been recognized as one of the most common bacterial causes of human gastroenteritis worldwide, and was closely associated with eggs. Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water (SAEW), as an environmentally-friendly disinfectant, was often be studied in disinfecting eggshell surfaces to remove dirt and pathogenic microorganisms. However, the efficiency of SAEW was often be affected by the presence of manure. In our study, disinfection efficiency of SAEW in spraying treatment method was evaluated on manure andmixture contaminated eggs, to verify if this method could be used to alleviate the interference of chicken manure on disinfection effectiveness. Eggs were first sprayed with different solutions (H2O、ERW and SAEW) to clean the manure in different times (6, 12, 18 and 24 s), and then sprayed with different disinfectants (H2O、ERW and SAEW) with different available chlorine concentration (ACC, 5, 15, 25 and 35 mg/L) in different times (6, 12, 18 and 24 s). Eggs were divided into 5 groups: H2O+H2O group (Sterilized H2O sprayed for cleaning and disinfection treatment), ERW+ERW group (ERW single sprayed for cleaning and disinfection treatment), ERW+SAEW group (ERW sprayed for cleaning treatment, then SAEW used for disinfection treatment) and SAEW+SAEW group (SAEW single sprayed for cleaning and disinfection treatment). The inactivation models of SAEW+SAEW and ERW+SAEW group with different ACCs, cleaning times and disinfection times were developed using multiple linear regression analysis. After treatment, decontamination of eggs with SAEW single sprayed group showed an equivalent or higher bactericidal effect compared to other treatments. A complete inactivation of(6.26 lg cfu/egg) on the surface of shelled egg samples resulted from SAEW+SAEW group and ERW+SAEW group at an ACC of 25 and 35 mg/L for 18 and 24 s, respectively. Moreover, the established model of SAEW+SAEW and ERW+SAEW group had a good fit-quantified by the determination coefficient2(0.933 and 0.926) and adjusted2(0.930 and 0.923). The model was validated with additional random 8 conditions within the experimental domain. The predicted value showed a good agreement with the actual values, for the points of response values were very close to the line of 100% correlation. The model was valid and the results demonstrated that the cleaning time, disinfection time and ACC significantly affected the. enteritidis reduction (< 0.01). In addition, the ACC was ranked as the most important factor in the three factors by analysing the parameter coefficients in the model equation. As previously stated, manure was a strong limiting factor for disinfection of SAEW due to it can react with HClO in SAEW in an oxidative manner, resulting in a reduction of the ACC. From another point of view, it also meaned that manure could be effectively removed by the SAEW. Therefore, SAEW also has a good organic removal function as well as an excellent disinfection function. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the SAEW could be used in disinfecting manure contaminated eggshell surfaces to removein single sprayed treatment way.

        spraying; disinfection;slightly acidic electrolytic water; eggs;

        袁興云,張貝貝,莫慶楠,等. 微酸性電解水對(duì)受雞糞液污染雞蛋表面沙門氏菌的噴霧消毒效果[J]. 農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào),2021,37(20):333-338.doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.20.037 http://www.tcsae.org

        Yuan Xingyun, Zhang Beibei, Mo Qingnan, et al. Disinfection efficacy of slightly acidic electrolyzed water sprayed onon the chicken manure contaminated eggs[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2021, 37(20): 333-338. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.20.037 http://www.tcsae.org

        2021-05-06

        2021-09-22

        國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(31860665);江西省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(20202BBF63009)

        袁興云,研究方向?yàn)榧倚蟓h(huán)境與生態(tài)。Email:534282089@qq.com

        臧一天,博士,副教授,研究方向?yàn)榧倚蟓h(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)及控制。Email:zangyitian1@126.com。

        10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.20.037

        TS201.6

        A

        1002-6819(2021)-20-0333-06

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