羅麗雯

調(diào)查報告類主要是呈現(xiàn)某一調(diào)查結(jié)果，借助客觀數(shù)據(jù)說明問題，也會談及調(diào)查方法，這類文章在高考中較為常見，近5年的高考題中有8篇文章。

調(diào)查類閱讀可分以下兩類：一類全文是一篇調(diào)研報告;另一類則只是文中一個段落，用來支撐作者的觀點。具體分布，詳見下表：

本文要表述的是，在純調(diào)查報告類文章中，調(diào)查結(jié)果是必考點。請看以下各題：

[例1]（2016年全國Ⅲ卷）

Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things？ To test for that possibility，Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories： thousands of articles on The New York Timeswebsite. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the“most e-mailed”list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Timesreaders and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.

30. Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Bergers research？

A. Sports news. B. Science articles.

C. Personal accounts. D. Financial reviews.

解析：由文中表示調(diào)研結(jié)果的句子One of his first findings was that...可知，選B項。

[例2]（2019年全國Ⅰ卷）

In one study， Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents， scoring the least liked， the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys（調(diào)查研究）.“We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment， high status has just the opposite effect on us.”

34. What did Dr. Prinsteins study find about the most liked kids？

A. They appeared to be aggressive.

B. They tended to be more adaptable.

C. They enjoyed the highest status.

D. They performed well academically.

解析：由表示調(diào)研結(jié)果的句子It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment...可知，選B項。

[例3]（2021年全國乙卷）

The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background， from total silence to 50 decibels（分貝）， 70 decibels， and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however， the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop—significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small， this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.

33. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability？

A. Total silence. B. 50 decibels.

C. 70 decibels. ? ? D. 85 decibels.

解析：由表示調(diào)研結(jié)果的however， the participants in the 70 decibels group...significantly outperformed the other groups（然而，70分貝組的參與者表現(xiàn)明顯好于其他組）可知，選C項。

由上述例證可知，在純調(diào)查報告中，要求考生必須理解調(diào)查的結(jié)果，這是必考點。

調(diào)查報告類的文章結(jié)構(gòu)，一般是以生活情景開始，作為調(diào)查報告的背景信息，這部分內(nèi)容有助于考生理解主題。而后引出相關(guān)的調(diào)查報告，調(diào)查結(jié)論一般在文章末尾出現(xiàn)。

考生在回答問題時，只要尋找與問題部分相似的語句即能找到答案。因為同義轉(zhuǎn)換的語句與原文出處差異不大，只要我們能耐心比對，就一定能找到答案。

責任編輯 蔣小青