CC&CB,Arquitectos

鳥瞰 ? Fernando Guerra

中國美術(shù)學(xué)院在杭州設(shè)立了兩個校區(qū)，南山校區(qū)位于市中心，緊鄰西湖；象山校區(qū)位于市郊，面積更大。建筑師王澍在象山校區(qū)留下了許多建筑作品，我們剛開始進行中國國際設(shè)計博物館的設(shè)計時，他還沒有獲得2012年普利茲克獎。從項目啟動到現(xiàn)在，王澍及其妻子陸文玉一直在幫助我們，在項目的建設(shè)中發(fā)揮了重要作用。

中國美術(shù)學(xué)院原本就擁有眾多藏品，近期又引進了源自包豪斯學(xué)院的大批珍貴藏品，由此誕生了以包豪斯為核心的永久性收藏與其他作品及臨時展覽共同打造成一座博物館的想法。我們希望它是一個既富有特色又功能純粹的博物館。

目前這座規(guī)模龐大的校園已經(jīng)幾乎全部被占用，只剩下東南角兩條主干道的交匯處還有一塊延伸出來的空地。場地呈三角形，須根據(jù)城市和環(huán)境規(guī)劃的要求進行建設(shè)，由此可以基本確定建筑可能的占地面積和體量大小。

博物館的室內(nèi)布局強調(diào)游客動線的順暢性和空間使用的靈活性。作為一所藝術(shù)大學(xué)，其主要功能是展示學(xué)生與老師在不同設(shè)計語言和技術(shù)條件下開展的各項活動成果，同時兼顧學(xué)校接待貴客的需求。

技術(shù)、檔案、服務(wù)區(qū)、咖啡廳預(yù)計分布在地下，咖啡廳與中央的三角形庭院直接相連；入口、公共休息區(qū)、臨時展廳和禮堂則位于首層；夾層有一條可以自由走動的坡道，通往博物館東側(cè)的屋頂花園；博物館頂層是包豪斯系列藏品的永久展廳，行政辦公區(qū)、青年藝術(shù)家工作室和一些基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施位于頂部朝南的幾個樓層。

建筑的外觀由印度進口的紅色阿格拉砂巖磚覆蓋，部分樓層尤其是三角形體量的地面鋪設(shè)白色大理石，框架采用鋁或木材，南側(cè)邊界是一個垂直插入的白色混凝土體量，用于標(biāo)識游客入口。

The Chinese Academy of Art (CAA) in Hangzhou has two campuses.One is in the city center,near West Lake,and a new lager campus is in the outskirts.The architectural works of Wang Shu were ubiquitous on the new campus:most buildings were designed by him.When we started on this work,he had not yet received the 2012 Pritzker Prize.The help that we received from both him and his architect wife Lu Wenyu during the early stages and even today,was and continues to be fundamental.

The huge CAA collection and its recent acquisition of a large set of originals items from the Bauhaus School prompted the idea of a museum for the permanent collection along with other works and temporary exhibitions.We were given a characteristic museum briefly,apart from some specific features.

The huge campus was already nearly fully occupied.There was only one area still available on the south-eastern edge,at the intersection of two major roads in this expanding area.The available land has a triangular shape,with the planning restrictions of an urban and environmental nature that defined the building’s possible footprint and volume.

The internal layout seeks to facilitate smooth visitor flow and flexibility in the use of spaces.Being an art academy,its main purpose will be to display the results of different activities,languages and techniques deployed by students and teachers,as well as to receive guests.

The basement is planned to house the technical areas,archives,service areas,and a café connected directly to a triangular courtyard in the center of the building.Above it,the ground floor contains the entrance,public and rest areas,temporary exhibition halls and auditoriums.A mezzanine level permits circulation and a ramp link to the roof garden above the east-facing volume.The top floor of this volume is for the permanent exhibition of the Bauhaus collection.The administration areas,workshops for young artists and also some of the infrastructures are on the south-facing upper floors.

Red Agra sandstone from India will define the volumes and the exterior cladding.Some of the planes,especially inside the triangular volume,will be clad with white marble.The frames will be in be aluminum/wood.A free-standing volume in white concrete,inserted perpendicularly to the southern boundary,will be used as an entrance of the general public.

圖片來源

1,2 CC&CB,Arquitectos 提供

3-5 中國美術(shù)學(xué)院風(fēng)景建筑設(shè)計研究總院有限公司提供

6-12 Fernando Guerra 攝影

限于場地、流線和內(nèi)部功能的需求，建筑師將幾個大空間展廳布置在建筑西側(cè)體量的一、二層，一些小開間的研究辦公空間布置在頂層（展廳的正上方）。更具挑戰(zhàn)的是，雖然外立面開窗很少，但是這些窗都是超長的條形窗，而且根據(jù)建筑師的要求，這些條形窗立面及平面內(nèi)退位置都不可以布置結(jié)構(gòu)柱。

Limited to the needs of site,circulation and internal functions,the architects arranged several large exhibition halls on the first and second floors of the west side of the building,and some small research offices on the top floor (directly above the exhibition halls).What is more challenging is that although there are few windows on the facade,these windows are long strips,and according to the requirements of the architects,the structural columns could not be arranged on the facade and the back of the plan of these strip windows.

1 剖面圖

為了解決這種豎向體系不連續(xù)的問題，我們采用了鋼框架（桁架）+鋼筋混凝土筒體的混合結(jié)構(gòu)方案。僅在樓梯間、電梯井等位置設(shè)置混凝土筒體，利用鋼桁架和局部落地鋼柱形成大空間、大懸挑等大跨度結(jié)構(gòu)，通過這些大跨結(jié)構(gòu)將重力荷載繞過傳力路徑中斷的部位，最終傳導(dǎo)至基礎(chǔ)。

In order to solve the problem of vertical discontinuity,we adopted a mixed structure scheme of steel frame (truss)+reinforced concrete tube.Only in the stairwell,elevator shaft and other positions set concrete tube structure,and we used steel truss and partial floor steel column to form large space,cantilever and other long span structure.Through these long span structures,the gravity load bypasses the interrupted part of the load-transferred path and finally transmits to the base.

2 首層平面圖

3 鋼結(jié)構(gòu)4 中庭條窗5 辦公條窗

6 門廳

業(yè)主：中國美術(shù)學(xué)院

建設(shè)地點：浙江省杭州市中國美術(shù)學(xué)院象山校區(qū)

建筑設(shè)計：CC&CB,Arquitectos

聯(lián)合設(shè)計：中國美術(shù)學(xué)院風(fēng)景建筑設(shè)計研究總院有限公司

項目負責(zé)人：álvaro Siza、Carlos Castanheira

葡方設(shè)計團隊：Adalberto Dias、Carolina Leite、Catarina Rodrigues、Diana Vasconcelos、Elisabete Queirós、Francesca Tiri、Germano Vieira、Joana Soeiro、Jo?o Figueiredo、Jorge Santos、Nuno Campos、Pedro Afonso、Rita Ferreira、Sara Pinto、Susana Oliveira

中方設(shè)計團隊：Liu Ke、Zhao Yaunpeng、Jiang Weihua（建筑）；Shentu Taunbing、Chen Yongbing（結(jié)構(gòu)）；Zhu Weiping,Yu Xiaofen（給排水）；Jin Guogang,Wang Yonghong（電氣）；Chen Chunji,Teng Liang（暖通）

智能設(shè)計：Sun Mingliang,Sin Minjun

聲學(xué)設(shè)計：Zhang Shanming,He Haixia

暖通顧問：Raul Bessa

結(jié)構(gòu)顧問：Paulo Fidalgo

3D 建模：Germano Vieira,Pedro Afonso

總建筑面積：16 000m2

設(shè)計時間：2012.02——2013.12

建成時間：2018.04

攝影：Fernando Guerra

7 門廳二層展區(qū)

8 庭院與展廳的空間尖角9 公共休息區(qū)

10 主入口

11 建筑外觀12 立面覆蓋的紅色阿格拉砂巖磚