對(duì)外宣傳戰(zhàn)線的新華方面軍—章漢夫

Zhang Hanfu — a Xinhua front soldier on the external publicity front

章漢夫（1905—1972年），江蘇武進(jìn)人。

抗戰(zhàn)全面爆發(fā)后，在周恩來(lái)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，章漢夫、潘梓年等在武漢籌辦《新華日?qǐng)?bào)》和《群眾》周刊。章漢夫在這一報(bào)一刊的籌建、出版發(fā)行過(guò)程中，付出了辛勤的勞動(dòng)。

武漢淪陷后，《新華日?qǐng)?bào)》遷至重慶繼續(xù)出版發(fā)行。1938年到1945年，章漢夫任《新華日?qǐng)?bào)》總編輯，在周恩來(lái)的直接領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，沖破國(guó)民黨的重重封鎖，使《新華日?qǐng)?bào)》發(fā)揮了“抗戰(zhàn)號(hào)角、人民喉舌”的作用。皖南事變發(fā)生后，周恩來(lái)親筆撰寫《為江南死國(guó)難者志哀》：“千古奇冤，江南一葉。同室操戈，相煎何急！”的悲憤題詞。章漢夫領(lǐng)導(dǎo)《新華日?qǐng)?bào)》工作人員與國(guó)民黨新聞檢查官進(jìn)行了機(jī)智的斗爭(zhēng)，把印有周恩來(lái)題詞的《新華日?qǐng)?bào)》，散發(fā)到山城人民手中。

在重慶主持《新華日?qǐng)?bào)》工作期間，章漢夫筆耕不輟，先后發(fā)表了各類文章和社論。他的文章題材廣泛、內(nèi)容豐富、文字簡(jiǎn)練、分析透徹，充分顯示出敏捷的才思、廣博的學(xué)識(shí)、深邃的見(jiàn)解和敏銳的觀察力，特別是對(duì)國(guó)際問(wèn)題的評(píng)述和對(duì)國(guó)民黨外交政策的剖析，深刻尖銳，鞭辟入里，深受周恩來(lái)的重視和好評(píng)。

1945年4月，章漢夫以秘書身份作為中國(guó)代表團(tuán)中共代表董必武的助手，出席在美國(guó)舊金山舉行的聯(lián)合國(guó)制憲大會(huì)。章漢夫協(xié)助董必武編寫并印發(fā)了用英文寫成的小冊(cè)子《中國(guó)解放區(qū)實(shí)錄》，散發(fā)給出席舊金山會(huì)議的各國(guó)代表、外國(guó)記者及美國(guó)各界人士。章漢夫出色的表現(xiàn)給中國(guó)代表團(tuán)成員、著名外交家顧維鈞留下了深刻印象，他曾在回憶錄中稱，“董必武挑選了一個(gè)很好的秘書章漢夫。他也是共產(chǎn)黨的一個(gè)杰出人物，為人善良而謙虛，不引人注意，但很能干”。

解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間，章漢夫前往上?；I備出版《新華日?qǐng)?bào)》和《群眾》周刊，后又被派往香港負(fù)責(zé)主編《群眾》周刊香港版，從事統(tǒng)戰(zhàn)和宣傳工作，使戰(zhàn)后的香港成為與海內(nèi)外進(jìn)行文化交流的中心。

中華人民共和國(guó)成立后，章漢夫任外交部副部長(zhǎng)兼條約委員會(huì)主任委員，在外交部工作23年，是周恩來(lái)和陳毅的得力助手。許多外交大事他都參與其中，如清除帝國(guó)主義在華殘余勢(shì)力，建交談判，解決邊界問(wèn)題談判，參加萬(wàn)隆會(huì)議、日內(nèi)瓦會(huì)議等，并作出重要貢獻(xiàn)。

以筆為槍的新聞斗士—喬冠華

Qiao Guanhua — A journalism fighter using pen as his weapon

喬冠華（1913—1983年），江蘇鹽城人。

1937年，喬冠華從德國(guó)回到炮火紛飛的中國(guó)。抵達(dá)香港后，擔(dān)任《時(shí)事晚報(bào)》的主筆，投入到抗日救亡運(yùn)動(dòng)中。他撰寫的“喬木時(shí)評(píng)”論點(diǎn)鮮明、文筆犀利，受到了香港讀者的一致好評(píng)。喬冠華的文章不僅幫助讀者了解二戰(zhàn)局勢(shì)、通曉時(shí)局變化，更重要的是能夠鼓舞信心，指明方向。遠(yuǎn)在延安的毛澤東在讀完喬冠華的一篇國(guó)際述評(píng)文章后，給予了高度贊譽(yù)，說(shuō)喬的文章“可頂戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上的兩個(gè)坦克師”。

根據(jù)周恩來(lái)的安排和指示，喬冠華幾經(jīng)輾轉(zhuǎn)，于1942年秋來(lái)到重慶參加《新華日?qǐng)?bào)》編委會(huì)，主持國(guó)際述評(píng)專欄，負(fù)責(zé)國(guó)際新聞和評(píng)論工作。1942年11月19日，他以筆名“于懷”發(fā)表《條條道路通往羅馬、柏林、東京》的國(guó)際述評(píng)，精辟分析了二戰(zhàn)局勢(shì)，并把東條英機(jī)在日本議會(huì)上的叫囂，比作“一座泰山上生了一個(gè)小耗子，費(fèi)的力氣不小，然而產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，卻極其可憐”。從此，“于懷”這個(gè)名字風(fēng)行山城。而他的國(guó)際述評(píng)文章《春潮》《形勢(shì)比人還強(qiáng)》《人創(chuàng)造了形勢(shì)》《迎接人們的春天》《不能再拖》《克里米亞道路》等相繼問(wèn)世后，不斷引起轟動(dòng)?！缎氯A日?qǐng)?bào)》編委石西民后來(lái)撰文提及國(guó)際評(píng)述的影響，“《新華日?qǐng)?bào)》經(jīng)過(guò)整風(fēng)改版，內(nèi)容和形式更加豐富多彩了。國(guó)民黨當(dāng)局的重重壓迫也難以遮沒(méi)它發(fā)出的光彩?！缎氯A日?qǐng)?bào)》的言論，包括國(guó)際述評(píng)，都引起了各國(guó)通訊社的重視?！?/p>

在重慶期間，喬冠華除了把精力放在《新華日?qǐng)?bào)》的國(guó)際述評(píng)，還參加中共中央南方局外事組的活動(dòng)，并與外事組的龔澎結(jié)為伉儷。

中華人民共和國(guó)成立后，喬冠華歷任外交政策委員會(huì)副主任委員，外交部副部長(zhǎng)、部長(zhǎng)。在朝鮮戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)、日內(nèi)瓦會(huì)議、聯(lián)合國(guó)講壇上縱橫捭闔，成為海內(nèi)外公認(rèn)的外交才子。

（部分資料由中共重慶市委黨史研究室提供）

編輯/楊艷

Zhang Hanfu （1905—1972） was born in Wujin， Jiangsu province.

After the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out on a full scale， under the leadership of Zhou Enlai， Zhang Hanfu and Pan Zinian made arrangements for Xinhua Daily and The Masses in Wuhan. Zhang worked hard in the preparation， publication and distribution of the newspaper and periodical.

After the fall of Wuhan， Xinhua Daily was relocated in Chongqing to continue publishing. From 1938 to 1945， serving as the editor-in-chief of Xinhua Daily and under the direct leadership of Zhou Enlai， Zhang Hanfu smashed numerous blockades imposed by the Kuomintang （KMT） and activated the role of Xinhua Daily as "the horn of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the mouthpiece of the people." After the Southern Anhui Incident， Zhou Enlai personally wrote an inscription with grief and indignation， namely Mourning for Those who Died in the National Disaster in the South of the Yangtze River， "The detention of Ye Ting is a rare injustice in history. In the same boat， how can we bitter against each other？” Zhang Hanfu led the staff of Xinhua Daily to carry out a witty struggle with the KMT press censor， and distributed Xinhua Daily with Zhou Enlai's inscription to the people in Chongqing.

Whilst presiding over the work of Xinhua Daily in Chongqing， Zhang Hanfu kept writing and publishing various articles and editorials. With a wide range of subjects， rich contents， concise text and thorough analysis， his articles fully embodied his talented agility， extensive knowledge， profound insight and keen observation. In particular， his comments on international issues and analysis of the KMT's foreign policy were in-depth， incisive and penetrating， and thus deeply valued and praised by Zhou Enlai.

In April 1945， serving as the secretary and assistant to Dong Biwu， the CPC representative， Zhang Hanfu attended the Constitutional Convention of the United Nations held in San Francisco. Zhang Hanfu assisted Dong Biwu in compiling and printing the pamphlet Memoir of China's Liberated Areas written in English and distributed it to delegates from various countries， foreign journalists and people from all walks of life in the United States attending the San Francisco Conference. Zhang's outstanding performance greatly impressed V. K. Wellington Koo， a member of the Chinese delegation and a renowned diplomat. He once said in his memoir， "Dong Biwu has chosen a good secretary Zhang Hanfu. He is also an eminent figure of the Communist Party， kind and modest， obscure yet very competent".

During the War of Liberation， Zhang Hanfu went to Shanghai to prepare for the publication of Xinhua Daily and The Masses. He was then sent to Hong Kong to edit the Hong Kong edition of The Masses and engage in united front and publicity work， making Hong Kong a center for cultural exchanges at home and abroad after the War.

After the establishment of the People's Republic of China， served as the Vice Minister of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and chairman of the Treaty Committee， and worked in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for 23 years， Zhang Hanfu was at the right hand of Zhou Enlai and Chen Yi. He took part in many major diplomatic events， such as eliminating the residual imperialist power in China， negotiating the establishment of diplomatic relations， negotiating the settlement of border issues， participating in the Bandung Conference and the Geneva Conference with important contributions.

Qiao Guanhua （1913—1983） was born in Yancheng， Jiangsu province.

In 1937， Qiao Guanhua returned to war-torn China from Germany. After arriving in Hong Kong， he served as the chief writer of the Evening Times， and devoted himself to the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Movement. With clear-cut arguments and trenchant writing， his "Qiaomu Review" had been highly praised by readers in Hong Kong. Qiao's articles not only helped readers learn the situation of World War II and the changes of the current situation， but also inspired confidence and pointed out the direction. Mao Zedong， who was then in Yan'an， highly praised Qiao Guanhua after reading one of his international review articles and praised Qiao's article "as equivalent to two tank divisions on the battlefield."

According to Zhou Enlai's arrangement and instructions， Qiao Guanhua found his way to Chongqing in the autumn of 1942 to participate in the Editorial Board of Xinhua Daily， presided over the international review column， and was responsible for international news and reviews. On November 19， 1942， he published an international review titled All Roads Lead to Rome， Berlin and Tokyo under the pseudonym "Yu Huai"， pithily analyzed the situation of World War II， and compared Hideki Tojo's clamor in the Japanese parliament to "a small mouse born on Mountain Tai， despite great efforts， only meager results were yielded". Since then， "Yu Huai" has become a household name in this mountainous city. His international review articles Spring Tide， The Situation is Stronger than People， People Create the Situation， The Spring Welcomes People， No More Delay and Roads in Crimea had been published one after another， stirring one sensation after another. Shi Ximin， editorial board member of Xinhua Daily， later wrote an article on the impact of international reviews. "After rectification and revision， Xinhua Daily has become enriched and colorful in content and form. The heavy oppression of the Kuomintang authorities could hardly subdue its brilliance. The remarks of Xinhua Daily， including international reviews， have received great attention of news agencies in various countries. "

During his stay in Chongqing， Qiao Guanhua not only put his energy into international reviews of Xinhua Daily， but also participated in the activities of the Foreign Affairs Group of the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and married Gong Peng in the same Group.

After the establishment of the People's Republic of China， Qiao Guanhua served as Vice Chairman of the Foreign Policy Advisory Group， Vice Foreign Minister and Foreign Minister of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs successively. Maneuvering in the Korean battlefield， the Geneva Conference and the United Nations podium， Qiao was deemed as a prestigious diplomatic talent at home and abroad.

（Partially provided by Party History Research Center of the CPC Chongqing Committee）

Editor/Yang Yan