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        復(fù)合不定代詞用法指南

        2021-09-29 07:11:18李建高

        李建高

        英語(yǔ)中,由some, any, no, every與 body, one, thing構(gòu)成的不定代詞稱為復(fù)合不定代詞。復(fù)合不定代詞包括:somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, nobody, no one, nothing, everybody, everyone, everything,共12個(gè)。它們的具體用法如下:

        1. 復(fù)合不定代詞表示單數(shù)概念,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。如:

        Someone is waiting for you at the school gate. 有人正在校門口等你。

        Everyone has a nice gift. 每個(gè)人都有一個(gè)漂亮的禮物。

        2. 復(fù)合不定代詞被形容詞或動(dòng)詞不定式修飾時(shí),形容詞或動(dòng)詞不定式要放在復(fù)合不定代詞的后面。如:

        There is nothing wrong with your eyes. 你的眼睛沒(méi)有毛病。

        Listen to me. I have something to tell you. 聽(tīng)我說(shuō),我有一些事情要告訴你們。

        3. 由some構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞多用于肯定句,也可用于表示請(qǐng)求、建議并希望得到肯定回答的疑問(wèn)句中。由any構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞多用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句,但是強(qiáng)調(diào)“任何人或事”時(shí),也可以用于肯定句。如:

        Someone called you just now, but you weren’t in. 剛才有人給你打電話,但是你不在。

        Could you ask someone to help me, please? 請(qǐng)你找人幫我好嗎?

        I just sat still and didn’t say anything. 我只是坐著一動(dòng)不動(dòng),什么也沒(méi)說(shuō)。

        Did anyone find it? 有人找到它了嗎?

        You can buy anything you like. 你可以買你所喜歡的任何東西。

        4. no one / nobody / nothing這幾個(gè)表示否定含義,相當(dāng)于not anyone / not anybody / not anything。如:

        There is nobody in the classroom. / There’s not anybody in the classroom. 教室里沒(méi)人。

        5. 復(fù)合不定代詞后習(xí)慣上不接表示范圍的of短語(yǔ),但分開(kāi)寫的any one, every one卻可以接of短語(yǔ)。如:

        Any one of the plans will do. 這些計(jì)劃中的任何一個(gè)都行。

        Every one of these guidebooks has been carefully written. 這些導(dǎo)游手冊(cè)本本都寫得很細(xì)致。

        6. 指代something, anything, nothing, everything等指事的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)用it,不用they,指代someone, anyone, everyone, somebody, anybody, nobody等指人的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)可用單數(shù)he, him, his (較正式),也可用復(fù)數(shù)they, them, their (非正式)。如:

        Nothing can happen, can it? 什么事情也不會(huì)發(fā)生,對(duì)嗎?

        If anybody wants a ticket for the concert, he / they can get it from my office.

        如果有誰(shuí)想要那場(chǎng)音樂(lè)會(huì)的票,可以到我的辦公室去拿。

        【典型例題】

        1.______________hopes for a sweet home as it provides us with warmth and trust.

        A. None B. Everyone C. Nobody D. Somebody

        【答案與解析】B. none意為“什么也沒(méi)有”;everyone意為“每人,人人,所有人”;nobody意為“沒(méi)有人”;somebody意為“某人”。根據(jù)句意:“人人都希望有一個(gè)溫馨的家,因?yàn)樗鼮槲覀兲峁┝藴嘏托湃巍?。故選B。

        2. Did you do______________during the last summer vacation?

        A. something special B. special something C. anything special

        【答案與解析】C. something意為“某物,某事”,一般用于肯定句;anything意為“任何事物”,一般用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句。顯然,該句是一般疑問(wèn)句,所以空白處只能填anything,又因?yàn)樾稳菰~special修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)應(yīng)后置。故選C。

        3. There’s______________wrong with the engine—it’s making strange noises.

        A. nothing B. anything C. everything D. something

        【答案與解析】D. nothing意為“沒(méi)有一件東西”;anything意為“任何事物”;everything意為“每樣事物,每件事,所有事物”;something意為“某物,某事”。依據(jù)“it’s making strange noise”可知,空白處應(yīng)填something。故選D。

        【即時(shí)演練】根據(jù)句意,從括號(hào)中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~(組)填空。

        1. —There is______________(something / anything) in my right eye.

        —I’d like to help you get it out, but I can’t see ______________(something/anything) in it.

        2. Everyone except Tom and John ______________(was / were) there when the meeting began.

        3. —Did Anna go to the city park yesterday?

        —Yes, but she thought there was______________(interesting nothing/nothing interesting) there.

        4. As______________(somebody / anybody) can see, Mary is the winner of the tennis game.

        5. —Mum, I’m hungry. Could you make me ______________(something/anything) to eat?

        —Sure. How about hamburgers?

        6. —Good morning, class! Is ______________(anyone/everyone) here today?

        —Yes, all the students are here.

        Keys: 1. something; anything 2. was 3. nothing interesting 4. anybody 5. something 6. everyone

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