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        ?

        選修8第2單元重點(diǎn)單詞

        2021-09-10 07:22:44周旋
        考試與評價·高二版 2021年4期

        周旋

        1. cast [kɑ:st]

        ? vt. 投;扔;拋;擲

        The fisherman cast his net into the water. 漁夫把網(wǎng)撒到水里。

        ? vt. 投射(光、視線等)

        Cast a shadow on the wall. 把影子投射到墻上。

        He cast an eye at the woman. 他向那女人看了一眼。

        ? vt. 為(戲劇、角色)選派演員

        Music talents from many different countries were cast. 來自許多不同國家的音樂人才被選中出演。

        ? [C] 投;拋

        The fisherman caught a fish at his second cast. 漁夫撒下第二網(wǎng)時捕到一條魚。

        易混辨析cast, throw, pitch與toss

        這些動詞均有“拋、投、擲”之意。cast??膳cthrow互換,指迅速扔出一個重量較輕的物體;throw為普通用詞,使用廣泛,僅指用力拋擲,不涉及動作方式或感情色彩;pitch指隨意地、輕輕地擲或扔,側(cè)重方向性和有明確的目標(biāo);toss指漫無目的地、輕輕地、隨意地擲或扔,所扔擲的東西一般都比較輕。

        【考題鏈接】

        As the sun went down, we ___ long shadows on the lawn.

        答案:cast

        2. object [??bd?Ikt]

        ? [C] 物體,實物,(情感、思想和行動的)對象

        What is that dark object lying in the street? 街上那個黑乎乎的東西是什么?

        ? [C] 目標(biāo);目的,宗旨

        What is your object in doing that? 你那么做的目的是什么?

        ? v. 反對;不贊成

        They objected that the schedule was too tight. 他們反對說日程安排得太緊。

        object to sth. / doing sth. 反對……

        Why do some people object to human cloning? 有些人為什么反對克隆人?

        We object to leaving him alone. 我們不贊成留下他一個人。

        派生詞

        objection n. 反對,異議,反對理由

        Grey decided to move to the countryside and his wife made no objections to it. 格雷決定搬到鄉(xiāng)下,他的妻子沒反對。

        objective adj. 客觀的,如實的,無偏見的

        She gives an objective report of what has happened. 她就發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行了客觀的報道。

        【考題鏈接】

        Many local people ___ to the building of the new airport.

        答案:object

        3. obtain [?b?teIn] v.

        ? 得到;獲得;實現(xiàn)

        I finally managed to obtain a copy of the report. 我終于設(shè)法弄到了這份報告的一個副本。

        obtain sth. for sb. 為某人取得某物

        I obtained this record for you with difficulty. 我好不容易為你弄到了這張唱片。

        obtain permission 取得許可;獲得許可

        He could not obtain permission from the authorities. 他無法獲得官方的許可。

        ? 存在;流行;通行

        The practice still obtains in some areas of England. 這種做法在英格蘭一些地區(qū)仍很流行。

        派生詞

        obtainable adj. 可獲得;可得到

        Are his records still obtainable? 他的唱片還能買到嗎?

        易混辨析obtain, acquire, gain, get, win與earn

        這些動詞均含“獲得、取得、得到”之意。obtain為較正式用詞,側(cè)重通過巨大努力、要求而得到所需或盼望已久的東西;acquire強(qiáng)調(diào)通過不斷的、持續(xù)的努力而獲得某物,也指日積月累地、漸漸地獲得;gain側(cè)重指經(jīng)過努力或有意識行動而取得某種成就或獲得某種利益或好處;get為普通用詞,使用廣泛,可指以任何方式得到某物,也不一定要經(jīng)過努力;win主要指通過努力、斗爭、比賽等方式而獲得勝利;earn側(cè)重指依靠自己的勞動或因付出代價而獲得。

        【考題鏈接】

        Only with mass direct action will we

        ___ such change.

        答案:obtain

        4. owe [??] v.

        ? 欠(錢);欠(債);欠(賬)

        I’m broke, Lucy, and I owe a couple of million dollars. 我破產(chǎn)了,露西,而且我欠了幾百萬美元的債。

        owe sb. an apology 欠某人一個道歉

        We’ve discovered who the thief was, and it seems we owe you an apology. 我們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)小偷是誰了,看起來我們該向你道歉。

        ? 應(yīng)把……歸因(于);應(yīng)把……歸功(于)

        owe sth. to sb. 將某事物歸因或者歸功于……

        He owed his survival to his strength as a swimmer. 他是因為水性好才幸免于難的。

        ? 感激;感恩

        I owe my teachers and parents a great deal. 我深深感激我的師長和父母。

        owe sth. (to sb.) (for sth.) 欠(某人)債

        She still owes £3,000 to her father. 她還欠她父親3,000英鎊。

        派生詞

        owing adj. 欠著的;應(yīng)付的

        Five pounds is still owing. 仍欠5英鎊。

        owing to 由于;因為

        Owing to the rain, the match was cancelled. 比賽因雨取消了。

        【考題鏈接】

        He was out of work ___ to a physical injury

        答案:owing

        5. retire [rI?taI?(r)]

        ? v. (使)退休;退職;退役

        My father retired at the age of 60. 我父親六十歲時退休了。

        retire from從……中退休

        When Jim’s uncle retired from the railway company, he was given a gold watch. 吉姆的伯父從鐵路公司退休時得到一塊金表。

        ? v. 退下;離開;退回

        retire to... 回到某個地方

        After lunch he retired to his study. 他午飯后就回書房去了。

        派生詞

        retirement n. 退休;退職;退役

        She took to painting after retirement. 她退休后愛上了繪畫。

        易混辨析retire, retreat與withdraw

        這些動詞均含“退下、退卻”之意。retire 指從公開或公共場合退下到私下場所,也指被免除職務(wù)或自動辭職、退役等;retreat 含消極意味,多指被迫采取退下或退卻的行動;withdraw 側(cè)重因某種原因而有意離開,常含禮貌、謙恭等理由,也指軍隊的撤退。

        【考題鏈接】

        There is a growing trend towards earlier ___.

        答案:retirement

        6. bother [?b?e?(r)]

        ? vt. 煩擾;打擾

        bother sb. about / with sth. 麻煩某人某事

        Don’t bother your father about it now.

        現(xiàn)在先不要打擾你的父親。

        bother to do sth. 麻煩去做某事(常用于否定句)

        He didn’t even bother to say thank you. 他甚至連說一聲謝謝都不肯。

        can’t be bothered to do sth. 懶得去做,嫌麻煩不做

        He could produce excellent work but usually he can’t be bothered to do it. 他其實可以把工作做好,可他往往嫌費(fèi)事而不干。

        ? n. 麻煩;焦慮

        Oh, would you mind? I hate to be a bother. 哦,你不介意嗎?我不愿麻煩別人。

        派生詞

        bothered adj. 煩惱的,感到焦慮的

        It is a small matter; don’t get so bothered. 這是小事,不要這樣憂慮不安。

        易混辨析bother, disturb, trouble與annoy

        這些動詞均有“使人不安或煩惱”之意。bother 指使人煩惱而引起的緊張不安或感到不耐煩;disturb 為較正式用詞,多用被動態(tài),指擾亂,使人不能平靜或妨礙別人工作、思維或正常秩序,是程度較深的煩惱;trouble 指給人在行動上帶來不便或在身心上造成痛苦;annoy 強(qiáng)調(diào)因被迫忍受令人不快、討厭的事而失去平靜或耐心,多指一時的打擾或惱怒。

        【考題鏈接】

        I don’t want to ___ her with my problems at the moment.

        答案:bother

        7. strike [straIk]

        ? vt. 擊打;碰撞

        The ship struck a rock. 船觸礁了。

        He struck the table with his fist. 他用拳頭捶了桌子。

        ? vt. & n. 踢;擊球

        He walked up to the penalty spot and struck the ball firmly into the back of the net. 他走到罰球點(diǎn),穩(wěn)穩(wěn)地把球踢入網(wǎng)內(nèi)。

        His spectacular strike in the second half made the score 2-0. 他在下半場令人嘆為觀止的一腳射門把比分改寫為2-0。

        ? vi. & n. 突擊;攻擊

        The lion crouched ready to strike. 獅子伏身準(zhǔn)備襲擊。

        They? decided? to? launch? a? pre-emptive

        strike. 他們決定發(fā)動先發(fā)制人的攻擊。

        ? vi. & n. 罷工

        strike for sth. 為……而罷工

        The union has voted to strike for a pay increase of 6%. 工會投票決定罷工,要求加薪6%。

        on strike 罷工

        Air traffic controllers are threatening to come out on strike. 空中交通管制員威脅要舉行罷工。

        ? vt. (想法或念頭)突然想到;一下子想起;給某人以……印象

        An awful thought has just struck me. 剛才我腦子里突然閃過一個可怕的念頭。

        strike sb. as sth. 給某人以……印象;讓某人覺得

        She strikes me as a very efficient person. 在我眼里,她是個很干練的人。

        易混辨析strike, hit, knock, bang和bump

        這些動詞均含“用力碰撞、撞擊”之意。strike指猛烈地撞、碰、撞擊、碰撞;hit指碰撞、撞擊,尤指造成損傷;knock指打掉、敲動、打破;bang指大聲地猛敲、砸;bump指無意地碰、撞。

        【考題鏈接】

        The government took a hard line on the ___.

        答案:strike

        8. vain [veIn] adj.

        ? 徒勞的;枉然的;無結(jié)果的

        I knocked loudly in the vain hope that someone might answer. 我敲門敲得很響,希望有人應(yīng)門,卻是徒然。

        in vain 枉費(fèi)心機(jī);徒勞無益;白費(fèi)力氣

        All our efforts were in vain. 我們的所有努力都付諸東流了。

        ? 自負(fù)的;自視過高的

        The vain man always believes what he does is absolutely correct. 自負(fù)的人總是認(rèn)為他做的一切都是完全正確的。

        易混辨析vain, abortive, fruitless與ineffective

        這些形容詞均有“未達(dá)到想要的結(jié)果”之意。vain指努力、希望、搜尋等未能獲得想要的結(jié)果的;abortive指行動、計劃等沒有成功的;fruitless尤指付出很多努力卻無成效的;ineffective側(cè)重指人或事物未能發(fā)揮應(yīng)有之作用的。

        【考題鏈接】

        It became obvious that all her complaints were in ___.

        答案:vain

        9. resist [rI?zIst]

        ? v. 抵制;阻擋

        They are determined to resist pressure to change the law. 他們決心頂住要求改革法律的壓力。

        resist doing sth. 抵制……

        The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates. 銀行強(qiáng)烈反對降低利率。

        ? v. 反抗;回?fù)?抵抗

        He tried to take me down, but I resisted. 他試圖制服我,但我奮力反抗。

        She was charged with resisting arrest. 她被控拒捕。

        ? v. (通常用于否定句) 忍住;抵擋

        I finished the cake. I couldn’t resist it. 我忍不住把整塊蛋糕都吃了。

        resist doing 忍住……

        He couldn’t resist showing off his new car. 他忍不住炫耀起了他的新車。

        易混辨析resist, object, disagree與oppose

        這些動詞均有“反對”之意。resist抗拒,反抗,指拒絕做出改變或不屈從于外力而做某事;object語氣強(qiáng)烈,指對某一具體做法、計劃等表示反對,常后接介詞to;disagree反對,不同意,指與他人在看法上有分歧,也指不贊同計劃、行動等,常后接介詞with;oppose反對,阻礙,指不贊同某一政策、計劃等,含抵制或阻撓之意;

        【考題鏈接】

        Teenagers may find it difficult to ___ peer pressure.

        答案:resist

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