王歡歡

V-ing形式可相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中作賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)就此講解如下。

一、作賓語(yǔ)

1. V-ing形式可用作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)

Lucy completed writing her paper yesterday. 露西昨天完成了論文的寫(xiě)作。

Ted suggested organizing a trip to the Great Wall this summer. 泰德建議在今年夏天組織一次去長(zhǎng)城的旅行。

只能接V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：admit， appreciate， avoid， consider， delay， deny， dislike， enjoy， escape， excuse， fancy， finish， forgive， imagine， involve， include， keep， mention， mind， miss， pardon， postpone， practise， quit， risk， suggest等。

I appreciate your waiting in line for your turn like others. 我很感激你像別人一樣排隊(duì)等待。

Have you considered exploring the mountain this weekend？ 你這個(gè)周末考慮過(guò)登山了嗎？

They postponed making the final decision due to the unexpected changes. 由于這些意想不到的變化，他們推遲做最后的決定。

有些動(dòng)詞不能后接V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，而應(yīng)使用不定式。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：agree， choose， decide， hope， fail， wish， refuse， expect， manage， plan， intend， pretend， promise， offer， afford， demand， arrange等。

They decided to build a highway between these two cities. 他們決定在這兩個(gè)城市之間建一條公路。

She offered to help me when I was in trouble. 當(dāng)我有困難的時(shí)候，她提出幫助我。

2. V-ing形式可用作動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)

下列動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)burst out， feel like， give up， insist on， put off， cant help （禁不住）， cant resist （忍不?。?cant stand （無(wú)法忍受）等，只能后接V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，不能使用動(dòng)詞不定式。

Sometimes students put off doing their homework until the last minute. 有時(shí)學(xué)生們會(huì)拖延到最后一分鐘才做作業(yè)。

Most customers cant resist being persuaded to buy things they dont really need. 大多數(shù)顧客都無(wú)法抗拒被說(shuō)服去買(mǎi)他們其實(shí)不需要的東西。

3. V-ing形式也可用作介詞的賓語(yǔ)

He apologized to the teacher for being late. 他為遲到而向老師道歉。

Her family are all proud of having such a splendid house. 她的家人都為擁有這樣一個(gè)漂亮的房子而感到自豪。

Have you succeeded in convincing them？ 你成功地說(shuō)服他們了嗎？

Who is against changing the plan？ 誰(shuí)反對(duì)改變計(jì)劃？

此時(shí)，要注意用作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，極易與不定式發(fā)生混淆。

我一直盼望來(lái)北京。

【正】 Ive been looking forward to coming to Beijing.

【誤】 Ive been looking forward to come to Beijing.

讓我們開(kāi)始討論公司的未來(lái)。

【正】 Lets get down to discussing the future of the company.

【誤】 Lets get down to discuss the future of the company.

此類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)還有：in addition to 除……外;admit to 承認(rèn);devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身于;be equal to 能勝任;等于;be familiar to 為……所熟悉;give ones mind to 專(zhuān)心于;keep to 堅(jiān)持;look up to 尊敬;lead to 導(dǎo)致;look forward to 盼望;object to 反對(duì);pay attention to 注意;point to 指向;stick to 堅(jiān)持;see to 注意;負(fù)責(zé)，照料;be used to 習(xí)慣于;turn to 求助于等。

下列結(jié)構(gòu)中的in通常省略，其中的V-ing形式為介詞的表語(yǔ)：

（1） have difficulty / trouble / problems / a struggle （in） doing sth. 做某事中遇到困難、麻煩、問(wèn)題等

They had a lot of trouble （in） finding her house. 他們費(fèi)了好大的勁兒才找到她的房子。

（2） have a hard / happy / good / difficult / wonderful time （in） doing sth. 做某事的過(guò)程艱難/快樂(lè)等

We had a wonderful time （in） working with Peter. 和彼得共事，我們感覺(jué)很愉快。

（3） sb. spend some time （in） doing sth. 某人花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間做某事

Alice spends one fifth of her wage （in） buying new clothes. 愛(ài)麗斯五分之一的工資花費(fèi)在買(mǎi)新衣服上。

（4） sb.+ be busy （in） doing sth. 某人忙于做某事

The dustman was busy （in） collecting the rubbish when I passed by him. 我經(jīng)過(guò)他時(shí)，清潔工正忙著收集垃圾。

（5） sb. lose no time （in） doing sth. 某人立即（迅速）做某事

His mother lost no time （in） calling the fire brigade. 他的母親立刻給消防隊(duì)打電話(huà)。

4. 使用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，要將V-ing形式后置

She found it useless arguing with him. 她發(fā)現(xiàn)和他爭(zhēng)論沒(méi)有用。

Do you consider it any good our going there？ 你認(rèn)為我們?nèi)ビ袔椭鷨幔?/p>

二、作表語(yǔ)

Learning English in spare time is quite challenging. （challenging相當(dāng)于形容詞） 業(yè)余時(shí)間學(xué)英語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)有挑戰(zhàn)性。

Her job is dealing with the documents. （dealing with the documents相當(dāng)于名詞） 她的工作就是處理這些文檔。

V-ing形式作表語(yǔ)可分兩種情況：

1. 相當(dāng)于形容詞，此時(shí)應(yīng)注意與過(guò)去分詞區(qū)別。試比較如下：

The football match was really exciting. We were all excited at the result. （V-ing形式表主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)） 這場(chǎng)足球比賽確實(shí)令人興奮。我們都對(duì)這個(gè)結(jié)果感到很興奮。

2. 相當(dāng)于名詞，此時(shí)易與進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)相混，可從以下兩個(gè)方面予以區(qū)別：

（1） 看主語(yǔ)是否是V-ing動(dòng)詞的執(zhí)行者（即V-ing動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作是否是句子主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作）。是，則為進(jìn)行時(shí);不是，則為V-ing形式。

① He is repairing the machine. 他正在修理機(jī)器。

② His job is repairing the machine. 他的工作是修理機(jī)器。

例1中的repair是主語(yǔ)he的動(dòng)作，為進(jìn)行時(shí)。例2中的repair顯然不是his job的動(dòng)作，為V-ing形式作表語(yǔ)。

（2） 看V-ing動(dòng)詞（結(jié)構(gòu)）能否與主語(yǔ)對(duì)換位置。能則為V-ing形式，不能則為進(jìn)行時(shí)。

③ The most difficult problem is building the bridge base. 最難的問(wèn)題是建造橋基。

④ They are building the bridge base. 他們正在建造橋基。

例3可以調(diào)整為：“Building the bridge base is the most difficult problem.”，故為V-ing形式。而例4則不能（Building the bridge base are they. 不正確），故為進(jìn)行時(shí)。

【鞏固訓(xùn)練】

一、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1. Do you allow ____ （discuss） in the course of an English lesson？

2. But in the end the manager decided ____ （give） the girl another chance.

3. Nowadays more and more Chinese can afford ____ （buy） a car of their own.

4. Dont continue ____ （work） like this， or youll break down sooner or later.

5. I knocked at the front door， but nobody answered it. So I tried ____ （knock） at the back one.

6. It is not known yet why the maths teacher refused ____ （come） to our New Year evening.

7. Have you considered ____ （do） something to reduce the pollution in our area？

8. Our school delayed ____ （hold） the sports meet because of the rain.

9. He didnt do his homework， but he pretended ____ （do） it.

10. He made a reasonable excuse and finally escaped ____ （punish）.

二、單項(xiàng)選擇。

1. He had no difficulty ____ the problems.

A. working out?? B. having worked out???? C. to have worked out?? D. to work out

2. The sentence wants ____ once more.

A. to explain???? B. explaining?????????? C. being explained???????? D. to be explained it

3. Articles used by patients must be disinfected before ____ others.

A. using ????????? B. being used by?????????? C. used by?????????????? D. being using

4. I regretted ____ that to her.

A. having said???? B. to have said???????????? C. to say ????????? D. /

5. Our monitor suggested ____ a discussion of the subject.

A. to have ??????? B. should have????????????? C. have?????? D. having

6. I cant understand ____ at her.

A. you laugh B. you to laugh?????? C. why laugh????? D. your laughing

7. In order to reach the top of the hill in six hours， they try ____.

A. to climb the mountain hardly???????? B. hard to climb the mountain

C. to climb hardly the mountain???????? D. to climb the mountain hard

8. I happened ____ the article when he asked me about it.

A. having read??? B. to have read?????? C. to be read????????? D. reading

9. He is said ____ to London already.

A. having sent??? B. to be sending????? C. to have been sent D. being sent

10. The little boy insisted on ____ with a cake.

A. being served B. to be served?????? C. servingD. serve