湖北 龐 群

書(shū)面表達(dá)旨在考查學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作能力，評(píng)價(jià)其能否運(yùn)用相關(guān)常識(shí)和語(yǔ)言知識(shí)進(jìn)行有效的文字表達(dá)，完成特定的交際任務(wù)。高考英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)評(píng)分原則明確規(guī)定，“評(píng)分時(shí)應(yīng)注意的主要內(nèi)容為：內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)、應(yīng)用詞匯和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的豐富性和準(zhǔn)確性及上下文的連貫性”。因此，除了注重詞句表達(dá)是否豐富、準(zhǔn)確外，內(nèi)容完整、邏輯連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)清晰也是極為重要的方面。書(shū)面表達(dá)的提升應(yīng)是多維度的，只有詞、句、段、篇秀其外慧其中的文章才能贏得閱卷老師的青睞。

詞——準(zhǔn)確亮眼

在高考書(shū)面表達(dá)評(píng)分原則中，“應(yīng)用詞匯的豐富性與準(zhǔn)確性”是評(píng)分時(shí)應(yīng)注意的主要內(nèi)容之一，豐富多樣、地道準(zhǔn)確的詞匯或短語(yǔ)能夠?yàn)槲恼略錾簧佟?/p>

詞匯替換

1.I like reading while my sister likes watching TV series.

__________________________________________________________________________________

2.Today many young students dream of becoming famous online.

__________________________________________________________________________________

3.I think reading is very good for us.

__________________________________________________________________________________

4.I really hope that you can consider my suggestions.

__________________________________________________________________________________

5.Would you please help me to turn down the radio?

__________________________________________________________________________________

6.He refused to listen to his father.

__________________________________________________________________________________

7.A new library is being built in our school.

__________________________________________________________________________________

8.Your efforts will be very important.

__________________________________________________________________________________

9.It is more and more important to receive a good education nowadays.

__________________________________________________________________________________

10.The lives of Chinese people have increased steadily in the past twenty years.

__________________________________________________________________________________

素材積累

?普通表達(dá) 高級(jí)表達(dá) 普通表達(dá) 高級(jí)表達(dá)happy delighted good outstanding/extraordinary/remarkable sad depressed/frustrated thank sb for sth be grateful to sb for sth boring dull cause result in/give rise to worried anxious be famous for have a high reputation for use employ rich wealthy/well off big vast/enormous poor needy/badly off new brand new know/realize be aware of different various/a variety of attractive appealing/inviting/fascinating energetic dynamic more and more an increasing number of enough abundant/adequate clever bright/smart/intelligent brave courageous/fearless very extremely/exceedingly only merely clearly obviously/apparently/evidently difficult demanding certainly definitely/undoubtedly on time promptly totally completely/absolutely/entirely finish fulfill/accomplish support advocate/in favour of advantage strength/virtue disadvantage weakness/shortcoming/drawback ability competence important of great importance/significance as soon as immediately/instantly want to do intend to do/desire to do/be eager to do very tired exhausted/worn out be busy with be occupied with/be engaged in sometimes occasionally be made up of consist of/be composed of express convey be used to(doing)sth be accustomed to(doing)sth make up for compensate for try one's best to do sth make every endeavour to do sth choice alternative most the majority of result consequence suddenly abruptly/unexpectedly proper appropriate so therefore/thus/hence/as a consequence should ought to you'd better... you may as well.../you are supposed to...carefully attentively remember keep...in mind get acquire/obtain take the responsibility shoulder the responsibility(to do/for doing...)tell sb sth inform sb of/about sth believe be firmly convinced that...

點(diǎn)石成金

1.用豐富的亮點(diǎn)詞匯替換掉普通詞匯能提升文章的檔次，但這要以準(zhǔn)確、得體為前提。熟悉亮點(diǎn)詞匯使用的語(yǔ)境才能保證表達(dá)的自然、流暢。

2.在日常的學(xué)習(xí)中，我們要注重亮點(diǎn)詞匯的積累，將以上表格不斷豐富和延伸，并堅(jiān)持訓(xùn)練替換思維。只有通過(guò)不斷地運(yùn)用、總結(jié)，我們?cè)谂R場(chǎng)發(fā)揮時(shí)才能避免生搬硬套，做到運(yùn)用自如。

句——自然高級(jí)

高考書(shū)面表達(dá)評(píng)分原則中對(duì)第五檔作文有“應(yīng)用了較多的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)”這一要求，這些復(fù)雜多樣的結(jié)構(gòu)的正確運(yùn)用，可以增加文章語(yǔ)言的層次感，使文章豐富多彩，更好地展現(xiàn)作者的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。這些高級(jí)句式主要是指定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句等。

句式改寫(xiě)

1.I don't know what to do next,so I am writing to ask for your advice.(現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ))

__________________________________________________________________________________

2.Because I am worried about the time available,I made a detailed list of what to do that day.(過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ))

__________________________________________________________________________________

3.As the final term is drawing near,all the students are occupied with their revision.(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))

__________________________________________________________________________________

4.The theme of the show is environmental protection.It is of great importance in today's society.(定語(yǔ)從句)

__________________________________________________________________________________

5.His willing heart to help others impressed me most.(名詞性從句)

__________________________________________________________________________________

6.Not the grades but your attitude counts.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)

__________________________________________________________________________________

7.We can achieve success only in this way.(倒裝句)

__________________________________________________________________________________

8.I passed the physics exam because of your help.(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)

__________________________________________________________________________________

9.Today,we use computers not only in our work but in our everyday life as well.(主動(dòng)改被動(dòng))

__________________________________________________________________________________

10.However,measures should be taken to deal with this.(插入語(yǔ))

__________________________________________________________________________________

素材積累

其他常用高級(jí)句式 例句As is known to all,it takes perseverance to succeed.As the saying goes,“Where there is a will,there is a way.”As is often the case,it's the poor who suffer most.狀語(yǔ)從句的省略 If necessary,you should turn to your parents for help.Although faced with many problems,they didn't lose heart.wh-ever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句 Whatever she says will not make any difference to our arrangements.wh-ever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 Whichever road you take,it will lead you to the station.祈使句，+and... Follow your doctor's advice,and you will get better soon.祈使句，+or... Take the chance,or you will regret it.the reason why...be that... The reason why you're always upset is that you are under great pressure.not only...but(also)...倒裝句 Not only does he speak English fluently,but(also)he is good at French.so/such...that...倒裝句 So excited was I that I couldn't wait to try wearing them.Such a precious chance is it that you can't afford to miss it.It was not until...that...強(qiáng)調(diào)句 It was not until he read the newspaper that he knew what had happened.If Iwere you,Iwould...虛擬語(yǔ)氣 If I were you,I would apologize to him.感嘆句 What a splendid moment it is!How worried I am about the exam!the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí) The harder you work,the greater progress you will make.It is(high)time that... It is time that they got/should get down to doing their work.be doing...when... I was doing my homework when the light went out.as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句?It's obvious that she didn't know the truth.It's widely acknowledged/accepted that light travels faster than sound.It's useless/no use/good doing a lot of work without planning.it作形式賓語(yǔ) The new method makes it possible to complete the task faster.There is no point/sense(in)... There is no point/sense(in)doing a lot of work without planning.There is no doubt that... There is no doubt that smoking contributes to heart disease.There is no denying that... There's no denying that this is an urgent event.No wonder(that)... No wonder you're tired,you've been walking for hours.it作形式主語(yǔ)

點(diǎn)石成金

1.高級(jí)句式的使用要以自然、流暢為前提，生搬硬套的高級(jí)句式讀起來(lái)反而別扭，也會(huì)降低閱卷老師的好感。因此，在平常的學(xué)習(xí)中要經(jīng)常進(jìn)行高級(jí)句式應(yīng)用與替換的思維訓(xùn)練。

2.避免過(guò)度使用長(zhǎng)難句，應(yīng)長(zhǎng)短句交錯(cuò)，主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)交錯(cuò)，或增加插入語(yǔ)，使文章抑揚(yáng)頓挫。

段——豐富連貫

評(píng)分原則中的“內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)的豐富性”要求學(xué)生在完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)之外對(duì)內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)增加適當(dāng)?shù)募?xì)節(jié)，使文章更豐富。評(píng)分原則中的“上下文的連貫性”，以及在對(duì)第五檔作文要求中的“有效地使用了語(yǔ)句間的連接成分”，明確規(guī)定了要使用恰當(dāng)?shù)你暯釉~句以增加文章的邏輯連貫性。

段落加工

(2020年全國(guó)乙卷書(shū)面表達(dá))你校正在組織英語(yǔ)作文比賽。請(qǐng)以身邊值得尊敬和愛(ài)戴的人為題，寫(xiě)一篇短文參賽，內(nèi)容包括：

1.人物簡(jiǎn)介；

2.尊敬和愛(ài)戴的原因。注意：

1.詞數(shù)100左右；

2.短文題目和首句已為你寫(xiě)好。

學(xué)生習(xí)作第二段：

My father is warm-hearted and always willing to help others.He is also very hardworking and shoulders the responsibility of supporting the whole family.But he never shows any sign of depression or impatience.He is always energetic and optimistic,encouraging us to adopt a positive attitude towards life.

加工后：___________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

素材積累

表觀點(diǎn)表列舉/并列/遞進(jìn)表轉(zhuǎn)折表因果表時(shí)間in my opinion,in my view,from my point of view,as far as Iam concerned,as for...,personally,I reckon that...Detailed...is/are listed below....is/are as follows.Let me explain...to you/share...with you in detail/at length.first of all/first and foremost,second,last but not least firstly,secondly,lastly(and most importantly)above all,to begin/start with,what's more,furthermore,moreover,besides,in addition,additionally,still less,to make matters worse,worse still for one thing...for another...on the one hand...on the other hand...What deserves mentioning/a mention is that...What ought to be laid more stress/emphasis on is that...Similarly,we are supposed to pay attention to...Equal importance ought to be attached to...What calls for special attention is that...?yet,however,while,otherwise,on the contrary,though,although,even if/though,regardless of,whereas,nevertheless,despite/in spite of,despite the fact that...because,as,since,for,thanks to,due to,as a result of,so,therefore,hence,thus,as a result/consequence,consequently,on account of,...which accounts for...,the reason why...is that...,that's why...nowadays,at present,currently,recently,previous,previously,afterwards,after which...,eventually,in the end,at last,afterwards,since then,from then on,immediately,suddenly,meanwhile indeed,surely It goes without saying that...There's no denying the fact that...It is out of question that...Nothing is more important than the fact that...表解釋/舉例表強(qiáng)調(diào)such as,for example/instance,take...for example,that is to say,in other words,to put it simply,to illustrate my point...表總結(jié)in short,in brief,in conclusion,in a word,to sum up,all in all,on the whole,in general,briefly,to put it short,to put it in a nutshell I will conclude by saying that...As has been mentioned above...As stated in the previous paragraph...All things considered/Everything taken into consideration,we can conclude...From what has been discussed above,we may safely draw the conclusion that.../I'm secure in the knowledge/conclusion that...

點(diǎn)石成金

1.適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)能使文章內(nèi)容更豐富，但細(xì)節(jié)的添加需圍繞要點(diǎn)，且不宜在某個(gè)要點(diǎn)上添加過(guò)多，適當(dāng)、均勻地添加細(xì)節(jié)才能保持段落結(jié)構(gòu)的合理、均勻。

2.除了銜接詞和短語(yǔ)，恰當(dāng)?shù)闹黝}句與過(guò)渡句也能使段落邏輯更連貫。

篇——完整清晰

高考書(shū)面表達(dá)評(píng)分原則中對(duì)第五檔作文的要求有“覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)”和“全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊”，這就要求考生認(rèn)真審題，所寫(xiě)文章應(yīng)包含所有要點(diǎn)，使內(nèi)容完整。同時(shí)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)清晰、緊湊，一般以三段式“總—分—總”為宜：

Heading：點(diǎn)題；一兩個(gè)句子，開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山(書(shū)信一般為寫(xiě)信目的)。

Body：中心記述部分；層次分明。

Ending：小結(jié)；呼應(yīng)主題(書(shū)信一般為表達(dá)愿望等)。

篇章升華

假定你是李華，你的一位美國(guó)朋友Peter想來(lái)中國(guó)旅行，他寫(xiě)信給你想了解到北京后乘坐何種交通工具旅行比較適宜。請(qǐng)你給他寫(xiě)一封回信，建議他乘坐高鐵(CRH/China Railway High-speed)。理由：1.便捷、準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)；2.舒適、安全；3.購(gòu)票方便、價(jià)格適宜。學(xué)生習(xí)作：

Dear Peter,

I'm expecting you to come to China.To answer your question about the best transport in Beijing,I'm writing to provide my advice.I think China Railway High-speed is the best means of transportation.We all like it because it's safe and always arrives on time.It has a great many different lines and can reach every province,so it is very convenient.And it also has very good service.You can buy the ticket easily and conveniently and the price is not that expensive!CRH makes our life better and is outstanding in the world.I believe that you will be satisfied with it.

Yours,

Li Hua

請(qǐng)從高級(jí)詞匯、豐富句式、段內(nèi)銜接與篇章結(jié)構(gòu)四個(gè)維度對(duì)該作文進(jìn)行升華。

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

點(diǎn)石成金

雖然本文按“詞—句—段—篇”的順序分析了書(shū)面表達(dá)四個(gè)維度的提升方法，但實(shí)際的寫(xiě)作應(yīng)是從宏觀到微觀的過(guò)程，先構(gòu)思篇章布局，后確定段落層次，再加入亮點(diǎn)句式，最后換用高級(jí)詞匯。因此，高考書(shū)面表達(dá)的完成過(guò)程應(yīng)按以下步驟：

1.認(rèn)真審題，要點(diǎn)完整；

2.謀篇布局，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰；

3.增加細(xì)節(jié)，銜接連貫；

4.豐富句式，表達(dá)自然；

5.高級(jí)詞匯，運(yùn)用準(zhǔn)確。