知識(shí)要點(diǎn)：

英語(yǔ)的基本語(yǔ)序是“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”。如果將謂語(yǔ)的全部或一部分放在主語(yǔ)之前，這種語(yǔ)序稱(chēng)為“倒裝”。

一、倒裝的類(lèi)型

1.完全倒裝：整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)移至主語(yǔ)之前。

Out rushed the students to welcome the foreign friends.

2.部分倒裝：只把系動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞或表語(yǔ)放在主語(yǔ)之前。

Seldom does he go to school late.

二、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的基本用法

1、由于語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要而使用的倒裝

1） 疑問(wèn)句中，用完全或部分倒裝，但以疑問(wèn)詞或疑問(wèn)詞修飾的名詞作主語(yǔ)的疑問(wèn)句要用正常語(yǔ)序。

Where did he go last Monday？

Are you listening to the radio？

2）“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)中，There are three wells in our village.

There stands a big paper making factory by the river.

3） 在以here， there， now， then， in， away， up down等副詞開(kāi)頭的句子中，使用完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。但如果主語(yǔ)是代詞則用正常語(yǔ)序。

There goes the bell.

Now comes your turn to play

Down she went.

4） 在以neither nor 或no more開(kāi)頭的句子中，表示“……也不這樣”， neither和nor意思相同，可以替換使用;no more表示動(dòng)作的程度并不比前面提到的稍強(qiáng)，意為“也不……”。

I cant swim， nor （neither） can she.

He hasnt been to the countryside， neither does he want to go there.

He did not turn up. No more did his wife.

5） 用在as（盡管）引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，從屬連句as用于特殊語(yǔ)序，含義與though， although相同，但“as”這種結(jié)構(gòu)可表示非常強(qiáng)烈的對(duì)照，必須用倒裝（表語(yǔ)提前）。

Proud as the nobles are， he is afraid to see me.

Young as he is， he knows a lot.

2、為了加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣而使用的倒裝。（使句子更加流暢，更加生動(dòng)）

1） 含有否定意義的副詞或連詞放在句首時(shí)，常用否定詞有：never， not， hardly， scarcely， seldom， little， not until， not only…but also， no sooner …than， hardly （scarcely）…when等。一般主句用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

Never before have we seen such a sight.

Little did I think that he could be back alive.

Not until New Years Day shall I give you a gift.

Not only was everything that he had taken away from him， but also his German citizenship.

2） 副詞only放在句首時(shí)，only 起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，其句型為“only +狀語(yǔ)+部分倒裝”。如置于句首的only修飾主語(yǔ)，則不用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

Only then did he realize his mistakes.

Only in this way can you learn maths well.

Only Mother can understand me.

3） 虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件從句中，把從句中if省略將were，had或should放在主語(yǔ)的前面。

Were they here， they would help us.

Had I been informed earlier. I could have done something.

Should you fail， take more pain and try again.

4） 直接引語(yǔ)的全部或一部分放在句首時(shí)，主句主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)次序顛倒，用完全倒裝。但如果主句主語(yǔ)為代詞時(shí)或謂語(yǔ)部分比主語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)，一般不用倒裝。

“He is a clever boy.” said the teacher.

“Go， Dick， go！” cried Tom， “Go home and get help.”

“What do you think of the film？” he asked.

“Im leaving for Hongkong next month.” Mary told me yesterday.

5） 表示祝愿的句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或謂語(yǔ)的一部分放在主語(yǔ)的前面。

May you succeed！

Long live the Communist Party of China.

6） 副詞so在句首，表示前面所說(shuō)的情況也適合于另一個(gè)人或另一事物的肯定句中。

He is interested in pop-songs， and so am I.

They will learn chemistry next term， so will I.

I can drive a car， so can my younger brother.

如果后面的句子只是單純重復(fù)前句的意思，不表示也適用于另一人或事，則不用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

—Tom won the first prize for the English competition.—So he did.

—It was cold yesterday. —So it was.

7） 在頻度狀語(yǔ)often， always， many a time等開(kāi)頭的句子中。

Often did we warn them not to do so.

Many a time has she helped me with my English.

8） 在方式狀語(yǔ)thus開(kāi)頭的句子中及程度狀語(yǔ)so放句首。

Thus ended his life.

So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.

9） 介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，放在句首。

In the middle of the room stood a little girl.

In the distance was a horse.

10） 在強(qiáng)調(diào)表語(yǔ)的句子中，表語(yǔ)提前，不僅為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，而且為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)達(dá)到平衡協(xié)調(diào)，或使上下文緊密銜接。

Such was Albert Einstein， a simple man of great achievements.

Such is life.

Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.