建筑設(shè)計(jì)：何哲，沈海恩，臧峰

Architects: HE Zhe, James Shen, ZANG Feng

湖邊插件塔是一處480m2的住居混合空間，作為中央政府設(shè)立的國(guó)家級(jí)“模范城市”雄安新區(qū)的試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目，與深圳建筑科學(xué)研究院聯(lián)合開發(fā)，后者長(zhǎng)期為可持續(xù)建筑設(shè)計(jì)和城市發(fā)展提供解決方案。雄安新區(qū)距京西南100km，作為集中疏解北京非首都功能的承載地，新區(qū)旨在優(yōu)化京津冀城市布局和空間結(jié)構(gòu)，培育創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展新引擎。為保證新區(qū)的住房?jī)r(jià)格合理，所有住房都享有政策補(bǔ)貼。新區(qū)100%使用清潔電力，保留10%面積的永久基本農(nóng)田，致力于打造成一個(gè)低碳型生態(tài)城市。

為了盡量減少建筑物對(duì)場(chǎng)地的影響，插件塔設(shè)置在分布式混凝樁基礎(chǔ)上。 整座建筑高出地面一層，以便雨水滲透到地下。該設(shè)計(jì)符合海綿城市理念，以減少城市積水和地表污染。架高的建筑同時(shí)充分考慮到地上植被的日照，充足的陽(yáng)光使其蓬勃生長(zhǎng)。

建筑使用預(yù)制工藝，以降低成本，提高施工效率。建筑圍護(hù)采用插件面板系統(tǒng)，與主體鋼結(jié)構(gòu)分開建造。模塊化的插件面板使得建筑物在使用壽命期內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)最大的靈活性。連接面板的偏心鎖被集成到面板中，非熟練人員使用簡(jiǎn)單工具即可手動(dòng)安裝。隨著時(shí)間的推移，整個(gè)建筑物可以根據(jù)需要擴(kuò)展或遷移，而不會(huì)影響其余部分。這種靈活性大大擴(kuò)展了建筑物的可用性，同時(shí)降低了未來(lái)裝修的成本。

該建筑依據(jù)近零能耗建筑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)計(jì)。屋頂覆蓋太陽(yáng)能電池板。插件面板外立面采用高能效的剛性絕緣材料，房屋采暖集成在地板中，落地窗可實(shí)現(xiàn)最大程度的自然通風(fēng)。每個(gè)樓層都連接到包含垂直環(huán)流的服務(wù)塔和一個(gè)可持續(xù)進(jìn)行廢水處理的凈化槽。

湖邊插件塔為新區(qū)提供了一種住宅開發(fā)的全新模式，建筑物充分融入自然環(huán)境，而破壞性極小。它被視為一個(gè)系統(tǒng)而非一種一次性的手法，是政策支持的典型住房開發(fā)的另外選擇。該項(xiàng)目的創(chuàng)新實(shí)例覆蓋各個(gè)層面，包括新型建筑材料的開發(fā)，可隨時(shí)間變化的靈活結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)以及可持續(xù)技術(shù)的整合。

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: 深圳市建筑科學(xué)研究院股份有限公司/Shenzhen Institute of Building Research Co., Ltd.

施工合作方/Structure: 中建鋼構(gòu)有限公司/China Construction Steel Structure Co., Ltd.

項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì)/Project Team: 李正華，馮紫晴，相未星，周雨茜，梁國(guó)強(qiáng)，王雅欣/LI Zhenghua, FENG Ziqing, XIANG Weixing, ZHOU Yuxi, LIANG Guoqiang, WANG Yaxin

規(guī)模/Size: 480 m2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 2017.10

施工時(shí)間/Construction Period: 2017.11-2017.12

攝影/Photos: 金偉琦，眾建筑/JIN Weiqi, People's Architecture Office

1 外景/Exterior view

2-4 分析圖/Analysis diagrams

5 首層平面/Ground floor plan

6 二層平面/First floor plan

7 三層平面/Second floor plan

8 外景/Exterior view

The Lakeside Plug-in Tower is a mixeduse live/work space with an area of 480 square metres. It is developed in partnership with the Shenzhen Institute of Building Research, a leader in sustainable building design and urban development, as a prototype for the Xiong'an New District, an important "model city" currently being developed by the Central Government. Xiong'an is located 100km southwest of Beijing, and is planned as a clean, affordable and congestion free alternative to the capital city. To keep housing affordable in Xiong'an, all housing will be state-owned and subsidised by the government. It is conceived as a low carbon ecocity using 100% clean electricity with 10% of the area protected as permanent farmland.

To minimise the impact of the project to the site, the Lakeside Plug-in Tower sits on a foundation of distributed concrete piers. The entire building is raised one storey above the ground to allow for storm water to be absorbed into the ground. This aligns with China's Sponge City concept, a rethinking of the previous asphalt city to reduce extreme flooding and surface pollution in urban areas. The elevated building also allows abundant sunlight for the vegetation on the ground to grow vigorously.

The entire building is prefabricated to reduce cost and allow for efficient construction. The building envelope uses a panelised system developed by our office and is built separately from the steel structure. The modular Plug-in Panels allow for maximum flexibility throughout the life of the building. Locks are integrated into the panels allowing them to be installed manually by unskilled labour using simple tools. Over time, all the sections on each level can be expanded or relocated as needed, without affecting the rest of the building. This flexibility greatly extends the usability of the building while reducing the cost of future renovations.

The building is designed using near-zero energy building standards. The roof of the building is covered by solar panels. The Plug-in Panel enclosure is manufactured using highly energy efficient rigid insulation with floor heating integrated into the floor panels. Full height operable windows allow for maximum natural ventilation. Each floor is connected to service towers that contain vertical circulation and an off-the-grid sewage system that offers sustainable wastewater treatment on site.

The Lakeside Plug-in Tower offers a brand new vision of housing development for the New District by integrating the buildings into the natural environment with minimal impact. It is conceived as a system rather than a one-off approach and is an alternative to the typical government supported housing development. Examples of innovation in the project expand across scales and include the development of new building materials, a flexible structural system that can be changed over time, and integrated sustainable technologies.