楊志, 張智嫻, 吳運輝, 童毅華

黎平玉山竹，貴州竹亞科一新種

楊志1, 張智嫻2,3,4, 吳運輝1, 童毅華2,4*

(1. 貴州省黎平縣林業(yè)局，貴州 黎平 557300；2. 中國科學(xué)院華南植物園，中國科學(xué)院植物資源保護與可持續(xù)利用重點實驗室，廣東省數(shù)字植物園重點實驗室，廣州 510650；3. 中國科學(xué)院大學(xué)，北京 100049；4. 中國科學(xué)院核心植物園保護生物學(xué)中心，廣州 510650)

描述了產(chǎn)自貴州的竹亞科一新種：黎平玉山竹(Z. X. Zhang, Y. H. Tong & Z. Yang)。本種形態(tài)上與顯耳玉山竹(T. P. Yi)接近，但區(qū)別在于該種籜鞘背面密被向上的黃褐色或紫色疣基刺毛，籜耳及葉耳明顯彎曲呈鐮刀形，鞘口繸毛發(fā)達，通常呈放射狀，籜舌先端截平，不圓拱，邊緣密生短纖毛，籜片腹面被微柔毛，葉片次脈通常5～6對。

黎平玉山竹；新種；玉山竹屬；黎平縣

玉山竹屬(P. C. Keng)隸屬于禾本科(Poaceae)竹亞科(Bambusoideae)青籬竹族(Arundi- narieae)青籬竹亞族(Arundinariinae)[1]，約有87種[1-3],主要分布于我國，是亞熱帶高山區(qū)域所特有的一群竹類，分布海拔1300～3500 m。我國玉山竹屬約有79種[4-6]，主要分布于云南、四川、貴州、福建等南方亞熱帶高山區(qū)域，西藏及臺灣亦有分布。貴州省平均海拔約可達1100 m，地貌以山地、丘陵為主，適合竹類生長，據(jù)統(tǒng)計該省有玉山竹屬12種[7]。玉山竹屬的主要特征為：灌木狀竹類；根狀莖粗短型，稈柄細長，節(jié)間通常實心；籜痕明顯隆起，稈環(huán)在具分枝的節(jié)上微隆起，稈每節(jié)一分枝或數(shù)分枝；葉片小到中型，小橫脈明顯；花序呈總狀或圓錐狀, 生于具葉小枝頂端，花序分枝和小穗柄的腋間通常具小瘤狀腺體；真小穗，穎2枚；鱗被3；雄蕊3; 柱頭2或稀可3[5,8-9]。

2019年，我們在貴州省黎平縣老山界進行植物考察的過程中，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種未知的小灌木狀竹類植物。該種的根狀莖為長頸粗短型，籜鞘宿存，顯系玉山竹屬的植物。此外，該種的籜鞘外面密被黃褐色或紫色疣基刺毛，籜耳和葉耳彎曲呈鐮刀狀，且具發(fā)達的長鞘口繸毛，而顯得尤為特別。經(jīng)查閱相關(guān)文獻和比對相近種類的標本之后[2,9-12]，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)該種實為玉山竹屬的一個新種，因此在這里予以發(fā)表。

黎平玉山竹 新種圖1

Z. Yang, Z. X. Zhang & Y. H. Tong, sp. nov. (Fig. 1)

Diagnosis:is morphologically similar toT. P. Yi, but differs in its culm leaf sheath densely yellow-brown or purple antrorsely setose (vs. yellow-brown retrorsely setose) abaxially, auricles strongly curved to falcate (slightly curved to oblong-falcate) with 3-9 mm (vs. 3-6 mm) long radiating oral setae (vs. straight forward), ligule with a truncate and densely ciliolate apex (vs. with an arcuate and glabrous apex), blades adaxially puberulent (vs. glabrous), foliage leaf auricles strongly falcate with 3-11 mm (vs. 2-7 mm) long radiating oral setae (vs. straight forward) and blades with 5-6 pairs (vs. 5-9 pairs) of secondary veins.

Type: CHINA. Guizhou, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Liping County, Dehua Town, Wumeng Village, Laoshanjie, 26°29?13″N, 108°39?5″ E, alt. 1 540 m, 19 May 2020, Y. H. Tong & F. L. Chen TYH-2478 (holotype: IBSC).

Description: Shrubby bamboos. Rhizome pachymorph, long-necked; neck 16-22 cm long, 2- 3 mm in diam.; internodes ca. 5 mm long, 3-6 mm in diam., solid. Culms 50-90 cm tall; internodes 6-12 cm long, 2-6 mm in diam., terete or proximally flattened above branches, not ribbed, initially purple spotted, glabrous, solid, thickly white powdery below nodes; supra-nodal ridges level or slightly prominent when branching, sheath scar prominent, glabrous; intranode 3-6 mm high, glabrous. Culm buds oblong, upper margins densely ciliate. Branches often 1 at lower nodes to 3 at middle or upper nodes, slightly ascending, central branch subequal or equal to culm. Culm leaf: sheaths persistent, thinly leathery, 1/3-1/2 as long as internodes, abaxially densely yellow-brown or purple antrorsely setose especially toward base, setae 0.5- 2.5 mm long, longitudinal ribs conspicuous, margins densely brown ciliate, cilia 0.5-1.5 mm long; auricles developed, strongly curved falcate,3-5 mm×1-4 mm; oral setae 8-14, 3-9 mm, yellow-brown to purple, erect or curly, radiating, scabrid; ligule 0.6-1 mm high, apex truncate, densely white ciliolate, ciliola ca. 0.3 mm long; blades narrowly lanceolate or triangular- lanceolate, erect at lower nodes and reflexed at upper nodes, abaxially nearly glabrous, adaxially scabrid and puberulent, margins serrulate, sometimes sinuous, usually involute. Ultimate branch robust, 2-8-foliate. Foliage leaf: sheaths 2.5-5.5 cm long, nearly glabrous, longitudinal ribs conspicuous, margins yellow-brown or purple long ciliate especially toward base, cilia ca. 1 mm long; auricles developed, brown to purple, curved falcate, 1-3 mm×0.5-2 mm, easily deciduous when old; oral setae 5-11, 3-11 mm long, yellow- brown to purple, erect to curly, radiating, scabrid, usually deciduous when old; ligule 1-2 mm high, apex truncate to slightly arcuate, sometimes ciliolate, ciliola easily deciduous; outer ligule developed, apex ciliolate;blades lanceolate, 3-9 cm×1-3 cm, initially abaxially pubescent, glabrescent when old, margins initially serrulate, entire when old, rugose when dry, secondary veins 5-6-paired, transverse veins distinct, apex acuminate, base truncate to cuneate. Inflorescence unknown.

小灌木狀竹類。根狀莖長頸粗短型；稈柄長16～22 cm，直徑2～3 mm，節(jié)間長約5 mm，實心。稈高50～90 cm；節(jié)間長6～12 cm，直徑2～6 mm,圓筒形或在具分枝一側(cè)基部略扁平，不具肋紋，幼時具紫色斑點，無毛，實心，節(jié)下方被一層厚白粉；稈環(huán)平或稍隆起，尤其在具分枝節(jié)上腫脹，籜痕明顯隆起，無毛；節(jié)內(nèi)長3～6 mm，無毛。稈芽長圓形，上部邊緣密生纖毛。稈基部單分枝，中上部可達3分枝，略向上斜舉，中央一枚與稈近等粗?；X鞘宿存，薄革質(zhì)，長度為節(jié)間的1/3～1/2，背面具向上的黃褐色或紫色的疣基刺毛，毛長0.5～2.5 mm,向上部漸稀疏，縱肋明顯，邊緣密生0.5～1.5 mm的褐色長纖毛；籜耳發(fā)達，明顯彎曲呈鐮刀狀，長3～5 mm，寬1～4 mm，邊緣具8～14條黃褐色至紫色的勁直或彎曲的放射狀繸毛，繸毛長3～9 mm, 粗糙；籜舌高0.6～1 mm，先端截平，邊緣密生白色的短纖毛，纖毛長約0.3 mm；籜片狹披針形或三角狀披針形，稈基部的直立，稈上部的外翻，背面近無毛，腹面被微柔毛，粗糙，邊緣具小鋸齒，有時呈波曲狀，常內(nèi)卷。末級小枝較堅硬粗壯，具葉2～8；葉鞘長2.5～5.5 cm，近無毛，縱肋明顯，邊緣具長約1 mm的褐色或紫色長纖毛，基部尤甚；葉耳發(fā)達，褐色至紫色，彎曲呈鐮形，長1～3 mm，寬0.5～ 2 mm，邊緣具5～11條黃褐色至紫色的勁直或彎曲的放射狀繸毛，繸毛長3～11 mm，粗糙，老后易脫落；葉舌高約1～2 mm，先端截平至微圓拱，有時邊緣具易脫落的短纖毛；外葉舌明顯，頂部具極短纖毛；葉柄長2～4 mm；葉片披針形，長3～9 cm，寬1～3 cm，幼時下表面被柔毛，后變無毛，邊緣幼時有小鋸齒，后變?nèi)?，干后皺縮，次脈5～6對，小橫脈明顯，葉尖漸尖，葉基截平至楔形。花序未見。

圖1 黎平玉山竹。A: 根狀莖; B: 幼葉; C: 稈態(tài); D: 稈局部, 示分枝; E: 稈芽; F: 籜鞘基部; G: 籜鞘局部, 示黃褐色及紫色向上倒伏的疣基刺毛及邊緣長纖毛; H: 籜耳、鞘口繸毛、反折籜片及節(jié)下白粉; I: 籜舌; J: 籜耳及鞘口繸毛; K: 葉耳及鞘口繸毛; L: 葉鞘基部; M: 葉舌及外葉舌; N: 葉舌. (A～C, H: 童毅華攝; D～G, I～N: 張智嫻攝)

Fig. 1.Z. Yang, Z. X. Zhang & Y. H. Tong. A: Rhizome; B: Young foliage leaves; C: Habit; D: Portion of culm, showing branchment; E: Culm bud; F: Base of culm sheath; G: Culm sheath in detail, showing brown and purple antrorse setae and long cilia on the margin; H: Culm leaf auricle with oral setae, reflexed culm leaf blade and white powdery upper-half internode; I: Culm leaf ligule; J: Culm leaf ligule with oral setae; K: Foliage leaf auricle with oral setae; L: Base of foliage leaf sheath; M: Foliage leaf ligule and outer ligule; N: Foliage leaf ligule. (PhotosA-C, H by Y. H. Tong, Photos D-G, I-N by Z. X. Zhang)

模式標本：貴州省黔東南苗族侗族自治州黎平縣德化鄉(xiāng)烏孟村，老山界山頂，26°29?13″ N，108° 39?5″ E，海拔1 540 m，2020年5月19日，童毅華、陳豐林TYH-2478 (主模式：IBSC)。

分布及生境：目前僅見于貴州省黎平縣老山界。生于海拔約1 540 m的山頂灌叢中，伴生種主要有新木姜子[(Hay.) Koidz.]、幌菊[(Wall.) Makino]、黃毛草莓(Schlecht. ex Gay)、矩葉衛(wèi)矛(Benth.)等。

詞源：種加詞源自模式產(chǎn)地“黎平”的漢語拼音，中文名稱為“黎平玉山竹”。

討論：目前玉山竹屬依據(jù)稈每節(jié)分枝數(shù)目可分為玉山竹組sect. Yushania和短錐玉山竹組sect.Brevi- paniculatae T. P. Yi，前者稈每節(jié)分枝較少，僅具1分枝或中上部分具3～5(8)分枝[11]，約有32種；后者稈每節(jié)具5～9或更多分枝，約有47種。該新種稈下部具1分枝，中上部具3(4)分枝，因此應(yīng)隸屬于玉山竹組，其形態(tài)上與同組的顯耳玉山竹(T. P. Yi)相似，兩者均為小灌木狀，稈較細，幼稈無毛，有紫色斑點，在節(jié)下方有一圈厚白粉；稈下部的節(jié)具1分枝而中上部每節(jié)具3或4分枝；籜鞘背面被刺毛，邊緣密生長纖毛; 籜片反折，長三角形或披針形；末級小枝具葉3～8, 葉鞘邊緣具短纖毛；葉片披針形，干后常皺縮，老后兩面均無毛。但本種籜舌先端截平，邊緣密生短纖毛，籜鞘背面密被向上的黃褐色或紫色疣基刺毛; 籜耳和葉耳均彎曲呈鐮刀狀，鞘口繸毛較長，呈放射狀。而顯耳玉山竹籜舌先端近圓拱形，無毛；籜鞘背面被向下的黃褐色疣基刺毛；籜耳和葉耳長圓形，稍彎曲，鞘口繸毛較短，直立，前伸，不呈放射狀。兩者詳細的形態(tài)性狀對比見表1。

表1 黎平玉山竹與顯耳玉山竹的形態(tài)比較

致謝 感謝西南林業(yè)大學(xué)的張玉宵博士和昆明植物研究所的葉夏英博士提供顯耳玉山竹的照片以供比對；感謝黎平縣太平山自然保護區(qū)綜合科考及編制服務(wù)項目和黎平縣林木種植資源清查工作服務(wù)項目的支持。

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(Poaceae: Bambusoideae)A New Species fromGuizhou, China

YANG Zhi1, ZHANG Zhi-xian2,3,4, WU Yun-hui1, TONG Yi-hua2,4*

(1. Liping County Forestry Bureau,Liping 557300, Guizhou, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510650, China; 3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;4. Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China)

(Poaceae: Bambusoideae), a new species from Guizhou, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically similar to, but differs in its culm leaf sheath abaxially densely yellow-brown or purple antrorsely setose, both culm leaf auricles and foliage leaf auricles strongly curved falcate with well developed and usually radiating oral setae, culm leaf ligule with a truncate and densely ciliolate apex, culm leaf blades adaxially puberulent, and foliage leaf blades with 5-6 pairs of secondary veins.

; New species;; Liping County

10.11926/jtsb.4406

2021-03-03

2021-03-17

國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(31870180, 31670196)資助

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31870180, 31670196).

楊志(1968～ )，男，本科，高級工程師，主要從事森林培育、林木種質(zhì)資源收集與利用等研究。E-mail: 535462317@qq.com

Corresponding author. E-mail: yh-tong@scbg.ac.cn