高潔
完形填空是中、高考常見的一種題型,這種題型被有些專家稱為“障礙性閱讀”,也是中學(xué)生做起來最為棘手的題型之一。
(四)詞匯辨析類
解題技巧
完形填空還會考查詞匯的辨析。這類題往往A、B、C、D四個選項從詞義到語法填到空格處都是正確的,學(xué)生只有通過理解上下文的語境和辨析四個選項詞匯的意義,才能選出正確的答案。
例題講解
例:The 1 moment was quickly followed by mental math. How much time and money would it cost to replace the 2 of that little wallet? The credit cards, the driver's license, the cash, all lost to the bus.
Two hours later, back at my house, I heard a knock on the door. My husband 3it while I was on the phone in the dining room.“Does Jennifer live here?"I heard a lady say.
1.A.face-saving??? B. brain-washing??? C.eye-catching??? D.heart-stopping
2.A. parts??? B. contents??? C. details??? D.ingredients
3.A. ignored??? B. answered??? C.examined??? D.interrupted
解析:1.D考查形容詞辨析。A.face-saving保全面子的;B.brain-washing洗腦的;C.eye-catching吸引眼球的;D.令人心悸的,緊張的。發(fā)現(xiàn)錢包丟了,是一個怎樣的時刻呢?根據(jù)下文followed by mental math可知,作者在心里盤算了想要補錢包里丟失的東西需要花費多少代價,故發(fā)現(xiàn)錢包丟了應(yīng)該是heart-stopping,所以選D。
2.B考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文The credit cards,the driver's license,the cash,al lost to the bus可知,此處指替換錢包里的所含之物。B項意為“內(nèi)容,所含之物”,符合語境。故選B。
3.B考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)上文Iheard a knock on the door可知,此處指作者的丈夫去應(yīng)門。B項意為“回答,應(yīng)答”,符合語境。故選B。
例:Itold him about the many activities in which I was involved. And I wentinto aabout how hard I worked and the games I was making. I must havetalked for ten minutes.
A. lecture??? B.speech??? C.discussion??? D. debate
解析:此題為名詞辨析:lecture講座;speech演講;discussion討論;debate辯論。由上下文可知,這邊發(fā)言的只涉及作者一人,所以答案鎖定在A與B之間,下文又告訴我們作者講了10分鐘,所以可以得出結(jié)論這是個演講,故選B。
例:But Mr Nicoletti insists that they can block certain wavelengths of light by electronic screens and wearing such glasses makes it easier to sleep.
A. produced??? B.reduced??? C. created??? D. discovered
解析:此題為動詞辨析。由常識電子產(chǎn)品的屏幕產(chǎn)生或發(fā)出傷害我們眼睛的光,我們可以排除B、D這兩個選項,接下來我們要辨析A和C,produced表示“產(chǎn)生”而created表示“創(chuàng)造”,所以此題選A。
思路總結(jié)
詞匯辨析類題型,解題的關(guān)鍵是要能理解單詞的含義,并根據(jù)上下文辨析。
(五)語句之間關(guān)系類
解題技巧
近些年,完形填空題基本沒有單純考查考生語法知識的題,但根據(jù)句與句的關(guān)系(并列、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進等)判斷上下文的選項,或直接考查體現(xiàn)句與句之間關(guān)系的連詞或副詞應(yīng)用的題不少。在解題時,同學(xué)們可以由上下文的語義關(guān)系來考慮解答。
例題講解
例:
he handed the medicine to the next musher, Shannon's face wasblack from the extreme cold.
A. Though??? B.Since??? C.When??? D.If
解析:A.Though雖然;B.Since因為,自從;C.When當(dāng);D.If如果。當(dāng)他把藥物交給下一個人時,他的臉已經(jīng)被凍得烏青,故選C。
例:Options are growing if people want to buy glasses blocking blue light,experts say that few of the products'effectiveness have been proved.
A.so??? B. but??? C. and??? D. because
解析:人們?nèi)绻胭I的話,選擇很多,但是專家說這些產(chǎn)品的有效性很少被驗證過。通過理解這兩句之間的關(guān)系,我們可以得出這兩句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,由此得出結(jié)論,此題選B。
例:The man who had his bright lights on came over and told Larry he hadmade an emergency call. Theyheard a woman's voice coming from thewrecked vehicle.
A.then??? B.again??? C.finally??? D.even
解析:then然后;again再一次;finally最終;even甚至?;饟錅缌?,緊急電話也打了,然后他們又聽到了車里有女人的聲音。故選A。
思路總結(jié)
同學(xué)們在解題時,一定要理解上下文,弄清楚上下句之間的關(guān)系,然后選出恰當(dāng)?shù)母痹~或連詞。
(六)文化背景和生活常識類
解題技巧
完形填空題的命題形式均為獨立的語篇形式,并交織和滲透著各類相關(guān)的常識與文化背景知識。這類題主要是考查英美國家的文化背景知識和生活常識,但是一旦將這些知識放到具體的場合中進行考查時,有些考生可能就不會靈活運用所學(xué)知識了。
例題講解
例:Onthe 20th of that month,Dr. Welcha sick boy, Billy, and knewhe had diphtheria, a deadly infectious disease mainly affecting children.
A. examined??? B. warned??? C.interviewed??? D. cured
解析:根據(jù)常識,醫(yī)生是檢查生病的男孩,然后知道他患上了白喉。故選A。
例:During the_,experts say, exposure to blue lightis good. Best of allis sunlight, which contains many different wavelengths of light.
A. daytime??? B.night??? C.evening??? D. sleep
解析:由下文“陽光最好”可以根據(jù)常識推斷出,選A,白天才有太陽。
例:“But I don't mind a little trouble." she said."It adds variety and flavor to my soup and to my life. My soup would be pretty bland without the vegetables, and so would my life if it didn't have the little
A. ups and downs??? B. cause and effect??? C. dos and don'ts??? D. cats and dogs
解析:這題存在一個類比。上文說如果沒有這些費勁剁來的蔬菜丁,她的湯就會淡而無味。那么,生活中缺乏什么會顯得平淡無味呢?A、B、C、D選項都是英文中的固定短語,但意思不同。A、B、C可以由字面猜出。A起伏,B因果,C注意事項,而D則是英文中的諺語,意為傾盆大雨。經(jīng)過比對,此題選A。
思路總結(jié)
在做常識與文化背景知識題時,同學(xué)們要把語言知識和有關(guān)英美國家的文化背景知識結(jié)合起來。當(dāng)無法準(zhǔn)確把握語言知識時,還可以充分利用所學(xué)的社會知識和科普知識進行語境判斷。