任慧 邢曙光 馬珺珂 孫軍
【關(guān)鍵詞】 急性胰腺炎 紅細(xì)胞分布寬度/血小板計(jì)數(shù) BISAP評(píng)分
[Abstract] Objective: To explore the value of red blood cell distribution width/platelet count (RPR) in evaluating the severity of acute pancreatitis. Method: Data of 188 patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) admitted to Jinzhou Central Hospital from January 2017 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the severity of the disease, the patients were divided into mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) group, moderate severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP) group and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) group. RPR, BISAP score, Ranson score and other indicators were compared among all groups, and Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between RPR and other indicators and scores. logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent predictors of AP severity, and receiver operating curve (ROC) was drawn to evaluate the diagnostic value of RPR in the severity of acute pancreatitis. Result: Comparison of WBC, MPV, PCT, ALB, Ca2+, RPR, BISAP and Ranson scores among three groups, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The MPV of SAP group was significantly higher than those of MAP group and MSAP group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). WBC and ALB in SAP group were higher than those in MAP group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). PCT, Ca2+, RPR, BISAP and Ranson scores in SAP group were all higher than those in MAP group and MSAP group, and PCT, Ca2+, RPR, BISAP and Ranson scores in MSAP group were all higher than those in MAP group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). RPR was positively correlated with WBC, MPV, PCT, BISAP and Ranson scores (P<0.05), RPR was negatively correlated with ALB and Ca2+ (P<0.05). logistic regression analysis showed that PCT, RPR, Ca2+, BISAP and Ranson scores were independent predictors of AP severity (P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of RPR was 0.881, the sensitivity and specificity were 85.1% and 77.3%, respectively, and the optimal threshold was 0.082. The AUC of PCT, Ca2+, BISAP and Ranson scores were 0.851, 0.858, 0.904 and 0.894 respectively. Z test showed that there were no statistical significance in the diagnostic efficacy of RPR for SAP compared with PCT, Ca2+, BISAP and Ranson scores (P>0.05). Conclusion: RPR is a good predictor of the severity of AP, and its value in assessing the severity of AP is comparable to PCT, Ca2+, BISAP and Ranson scores.
[Key words] Acute pancreatitis Red blood cell distribution width/platelet count BISAP score
First-author’s address: Graduate School of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2021.21.021
急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis, AP)是由多種病因?qū)е乱让冈谝认賰?nèi)被激活后引起胰腺組織自身消化、出血壞死等炎癥反應(yīng),伴或不伴其他器官功能障礙[1]。AP是臨床上常見的一種急腹癥,其中重癥急性胰腺炎(SAP)有著起病急、進(jìn)展快、多并發(fā)癥、死亡率高、預(yù)后差的特點(diǎn)。在臨床工作中早期準(zhǔn)確評(píng)估AP患者嚴(yán)重程度,并積極合理治療可降低其并發(fā)癥和死亡率[2]。2008年急性胰腺炎床旁嚴(yán)重度指數(shù)(BISAP評(píng)分)系統(tǒng)被提出,其評(píng)分項(xiàng)目簡(jiǎn)單,易于獲得,被臨床廣泛應(yīng)用,近年有大量研究表明RDW與急性胰腺炎病情嚴(yán)重程度有關(guān)[3-4],文獻(xiàn)[5-6]報(bào)道血小板計(jì)數(shù)(PLT)能夠準(zhǔn)確反映AP嚴(yán)重程度,和四偉[7]研究表明,紅細(xì)胞分布寬度/血小板計(jì)數(shù)(RPR)對(duì)妊娠期急性胰腺炎嚴(yán)重程度有良好的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。本研究將探討RPR對(duì)AP嚴(yán)重程度的評(píng)估價(jià)值,并與AP評(píng)分、化驗(yàn)指標(biāo)相比較,來(lái)進(jìn)一步檢驗(yàn)RPR對(duì)AP病情嚴(yán)重程度的評(píng)估效能。現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 回顧性分析2017年1月-2020年1月錦州市中心醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科、普外科收治的188例急性胰腺炎(AP)患者的資料。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)符合中國(guó)急性胰腺炎診治指南(2019年,沈陽(yáng))的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[8];(2)發(fā)病至入院時(shí)間<24 h;(3)年齡>18歲;(4)資料完整。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)伴有心肝腎慢性基礎(chǔ)病;(2)合并血液系統(tǒng)疾病、惡性腫瘤、自身免疫性疾病;(3)外科手術(shù)及醫(yī)源性急性胰腺炎;(4)妊娠期和不配合治療。根據(jù)中國(guó)急性胰腺炎診治指南(2019年,沈陽(yáng))[8]將患者分為輕癥急性胰腺炎(MAP)組71例,中重癥急性胰腺炎(MSAP)組70例,重癥急性胰腺炎(SAP)組47例。本研究經(jīng)錦州市中心醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)審核批準(zhǔn)。
1.2 方法 收集患者一般資料,包括性別、年齡、病因,入院48 h內(nèi)第一次化驗(yàn)指標(biāo):白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)(WBC)、血紅蛋白(HB)、尿素氮(BUN)、降鈣素原(PCT)、平均血小板體積(MPV)、血清白蛋白(ALB)、鈣(Ca2+)、RPR、影像學(xué)資料等,并對(duì)患者進(jìn)行BISAP評(píng)分、Ranson評(píng)分。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo) 比較MAP組、MSAP組、SAP組的臨床資料;分析RPR與其他化驗(yàn)指標(biāo)、評(píng)分的相關(guān)性;分析急性胰腺炎嚴(yán)重程度的獨(dú)立預(yù)測(cè)因素;RPR對(duì)重癥急性胰腺炎的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 25.0軟件對(duì)所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,符合正態(tài)的計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,偏態(tài)分布資料用M(P25,P75)表示,組間比較采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn)或非參數(shù)檢驗(yàn),多組間比較采用方差分析或Kruskal-Wallis H檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,比較采用字2檢驗(yàn)。采用Spearman相關(guān)分析評(píng)估RPR與AP病情嚴(yán)重程度的相關(guān)性,有序回歸分析AP病情嚴(yán)重程度的獨(dú)立預(yù)測(cè)因素,利用受試者工作特征曲線評(píng)估RPR診斷SAP的靈敏度和特異度,并根據(jù)約登指數(shù)選取最佳截?cái)嘀?。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 MAP組、MSAP組、SAP組患者一般資料比較 三組的性別、年齡、病因比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性,見表1。
2.2 MAP組、MSAP組、SAP組的臨床資料比較 三組WBC、MPV、PCT、ALB、Ca2+、RPR、BISAP評(píng)分、Ranson評(píng)分比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);三組HB比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。SAP組MPV顯著高于MAP組、MSAP組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);SAP組WBC、ALB均高于MAP組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);SAP組PCT、Ca2+、RPR、BISAP評(píng)分、Ranson評(píng)分均高于MAP組、MSAP組,MSAP組PCT、Ca2+、RPR、BISAP評(píng)分、Ranson評(píng)分均高于MAP組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表2。
2.3 RPR與其他化驗(yàn)指標(biāo)、評(píng)分的相關(guān)性分析 RPR與WBC、MPV、PCT、BISAP評(píng)分、Ranson評(píng)分均呈正相關(guān)(rs=0.160、0.218、0.404、0.615、0.535,P<0.05);RPR與ALB、Ca2+均呈負(fù)相關(guān)(rs=-0.173、-0.532,P<0.05)。
2.4 急性胰腺炎嚴(yán)重程度的獨(dú)立預(yù)測(cè)因素分析 根據(jù)是否診斷為SAP,將患者分為SAP組與非SAP組(MAP組+MSAP組)。以SAP組與非SAP組間比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義的指標(biāo)為X,以重癥急性胰腺炎為Y進(jìn)行l(wèi)ogistic回歸分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)PCT、RPR、Ca2+、BISAP評(píng)分、Ranson評(píng)分均是AP嚴(yán)重程度的獨(dú)立預(yù)測(cè)因素(P<0.05),見表3。
2.5 RPR對(duì)重癥急性胰腺炎的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值 將上述指標(biāo)繪制ROC曲線。ROC結(jié)果顯示:RPR的ROC曲線下面積(AUC)為0.881[95%CI(0.826,0.923)],其靈敏度、特異度分別為85.1%、77.3%,最佳閾值為0.082,PCT的AUC為0.851[95%CI(0.792,0.898)],Ca2+的AUC為0.858[95%CI(0.800,0.904)],BISAP評(píng)分的AUC為0.904[95%CI(0.853,0.942)],Ranson評(píng)分的AUC為0.894[95%CI(0.840,0.934)]。經(jīng)Z檢驗(yàn),RPR對(duì)SAP的診斷效能與PCT、Ca2+、BISAP評(píng)分、Ranson評(píng)分相比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表4和圖1。
3 討論
多種原因均可以誘發(fā)AP,膽源性胰腺炎是我國(guó)急性胰腺炎的主要病因,酒精性、高脂血癥性次之,隨著我國(guó)人民生活水平的提高,高脂血癥性胰腺炎的發(fā)病率逐年升高。研究顯示,SAP的患病率為22.3%,且SAP有高死亡率和高并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率[9]。因此早期正確評(píng)估AP患者病情對(duì)降低其并發(fā)癥率及死亡率至關(guān)重要。
目前RPR與AP之間的作用機(jī)制尚未研究透徹,考慮與炎癥反應(yīng)有關(guān)。AP的開始階段為胰蛋白酶的異常激活,被激活的胰蛋白酶會(huì)激活胰腺局部炎癥細(xì)胞,并釋放各種炎癥介質(zhì)、毒素[10-11]。炎癥因子可以影響骨髓中網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞及鐵代謝,進(jìn)而影響骨髓造血;炎癥介質(zhì)也可通過(guò)對(duì)紅細(xì)胞膜的破壞,影響紅細(xì)胞生存率,促進(jìn)未成熟紅細(xì)胞進(jìn)入外周血液循環(huán),使RDW增大[12];炎癥應(yīng)激反應(yīng)影響骨髓造血功能,抑制網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞發(fā)育為成熟紅細(xì)胞,抑制促紅細(xì)胞生成素(EPO)的生成及釋放,使更大、更幼稚的紅細(xì)胞釋放入血,造成RDW增大[13];當(dāng)發(fā)生SAP時(shí),機(jī)體可以出現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的血液灌注不足進(jìn)而出現(xiàn)急性腎衰竭,長(zhǎng)期靜脈營(yíng)養(yǎng)和機(jī)體長(zhǎng)期處于應(yīng)激狀態(tài)可以導(dǎo)致貧血,使RDW增加[14];RDW升高代表著紅細(xì)胞均勻一致性降低,增大的紅細(xì)胞變形能力下降。這些大量體積增大且變形能力下降的紅細(xì)胞被釋放到外周血液循環(huán)時(shí),會(huì)增加外周循環(huán)阻力,導(dǎo)致微循環(huán)灌注不足,造成受損的胰腺組織發(fā)生缺血、缺氧,可引起胰腺炎的進(jìn)一步加重。大量的炎癥因子也可以破壞血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞,導(dǎo)致白細(xì)胞向組織遷移,通過(guò)減少血栓素的降解,使血小板的黏合度增加、血小板聚集[15],并激活凝血途徑形成微血管血栓,甚至形成彌散性血管內(nèi)凝血(DIC)[16],造成血小板消耗性減少;外周血液中各種炎癥因子、毒素等通過(guò)免疫反應(yīng)使血小板破壞過(guò)多[15]。因此,可以解釋在AP患者外周血中,RDW升高,PLT下降,進(jìn)而引起RPR在AP中的變化。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,三組RPR比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),說(shuō)明RPR可能與AP病情嚴(yán)重程度有關(guān)。本研究為檢驗(yàn)RPR對(duì)AP嚴(yán)重程度的評(píng)估價(jià)值,將血清炎癥指標(biāo)和BISAP評(píng)分、Ranson評(píng)分納入了觀察范圍。本研究結(jié)果顯示,RPR與WBC、MPV、PCT、BISAP評(píng)分、Ranson評(píng)分均呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05),RPR與ALB、Ca2+均呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05),說(shuō)明RPR隨AP病情的加重而增大。本研究對(duì)SAP組與非SAP組比較有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義的指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了logistic回歸分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)PCT、Ca2+、RPR、BISAP評(píng)分、Ranson評(píng)分是AP嚴(yán)重程度的獨(dú)立預(yù)測(cè)因素,說(shuō)明RPR可能對(duì)AP嚴(yán)重程度有評(píng)估價(jià)值。但這需要擴(kuò)大樣本進(jìn)一步研究證實(shí)。
基于以上研究結(jié)果,本研究利用ROC曲線分析RPR與其他指標(biāo)、評(píng)分對(duì)AP嚴(yán)重程度的評(píng)估價(jià)值,結(jié)果顯示RPR的ROC曲線下面積(AUC)為0.881,最佳閾值為0.082,靈敏度為85.1%,特異度為77.3%。與鄧興峰等[17]研究結(jié)果相似,其通過(guò)對(duì)145例AP患者的回顧性研究發(fā)現(xiàn),RPR診斷SAP的曲線下面積為0.809,認(rèn)為RPR對(duì)AP嚴(yán)重程度有預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。與鄧興峰等[17]研究結(jié)果稍有差異的原因考慮與分組不同及納入樣本量有關(guān)。在本次研究中,BISAP評(píng)分曲線下面積最大為0.904,RPR的敏感性最高為85.1%,Ranson評(píng)分特異度最高為87.9%。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)RPR的靈敏度最高,其對(duì)SAP的診斷較其他指標(biāo)更敏感,而特異度一般,這可能與本次研究為回顧性研究且納入的樣本量較少有關(guān)。發(fā)現(xiàn)RPR的曲線下面積高于PCT(AUC=0.851)、Ca2+(AUC=0.858),低于BISAP評(píng)分(AUC=0.904)、Ranson評(píng)分(AUC=0.894),但經(jīng)Z檢驗(yàn)比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),說(shuō)明RPR對(duì)AP嚴(yán)重程度的評(píng)估價(jià)值與PCT、Ca2+、BISAP評(píng)分、Ranson評(píng)分相當(dāng)。Cho等[18]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Ranson評(píng)分、BISAP評(píng)分對(duì)SAP的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值相當(dāng),Hagjer等[19]也發(fā)現(xiàn)PCT、BISAP評(píng)分對(duì)SAP的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值相當(dāng),而目前尚無(wú)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,RPR與其他指標(biāo)對(duì)SAP評(píng)估價(jià)值的比較。因此,RPR對(duì)AP嚴(yán)重程度的評(píng)估價(jià)值仍需多中心、擴(kuò)大樣本進(jìn)一步研究。
綜上所述,RPR是AP病情嚴(yán)重程度的良好預(yù)測(cè)因子,其對(duì)AP嚴(yán)重程度的評(píng)估價(jià)值與PCT、Ca2+、BISAP評(píng)分、Ranson評(píng)分相當(dāng)。
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(收稿日期:2020-11-11) (本文編輯:姬思雨)