王曉健 郭守俊 曾慶芳 鐘建明
【摘要】 目的:探討血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ、CEA水平及Hp檢測(cè)在胃癌早期篩查中的應(yīng)用。方法:選取2020年1-12月在本院確診的92例胃癌患者為胃癌組,104例慢性胃炎患者為慢性胃炎組,104例胃潰瘍患者為胃潰瘍組。比較三組血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ、CEA水平及Hp陽(yáng)性率。繪制ROC曲線并評(píng)估PGⅠ、PGⅡ、CEA和Hp在胃癌早期患者篩查中的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。結(jié)果:胃癌組患者PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平均低于慢性胃炎組和胃潰瘍組,CEA水平高于慢性胃炎組和胃潰瘍組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。胃癌組、慢性胃炎組和胃潰瘍組的Hp陽(yáng)性率分別為92.39%、85.58%和79.81%,三組患者Hp陽(yáng)性率比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。PGⅠ、PGⅡ、CEA及Hp預(yù)測(cè)胃癌發(fā)生的曲線下面積分別為0.768、0.721、0.796和0.608,低于PGⅠ、PGⅡ、CEA及Hp聯(lián)合檢測(cè)的0.867。結(jié)論:血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ、CEA水平及Hp檢測(cè)對(duì)胃癌早期患者篩查具有臨床價(jià)值。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ 胃蛋白酶原Ⅱ 癌胚抗原 幽門螺桿菌 胃癌
Application of Serum PGⅠ, PGⅡ, CEA Levels and Hp Detection in the Early Screening of Gastric Cancer/WANG Xiaojian, GUO Shoujun, ZENG Qingfang, ZHONG Jianming. //Medical Innovation of China, 2021, 18(20): -127
[Abstract] Objective: To explore the application of serum PGⅠ, PGⅡ, CEA levels and Hp detection in the early screening of gastric cancer. Method: A total of 92 gastric cancer patients diagnosed in our hospital from January to December 2020 were selected as the gastric cancer group, 104 cases of chronic gastritis as the chronic gastritis group, and 104 cases of gastric ulcer as the gastric ulcer group. The levels of serum PGⅠ, PGⅡ, CEA and the positive rate of Hp were compared among the three groups. The ROC curve was drawn and the application value of PGⅠ, PGⅡ, CEA and Hp in the screening of early gastric cancer patients was evaluated. Result: The levels of PGⅠ, PGⅡ and CEA of gastric cancer group were lower than those of chronic gastritis group and gastric ulcer group, while CEA level was higher than those of chronic gastritis group and gastric ulcer group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The positive rates of Hp in gastric cancer group, chronic gastritis group and gastric ulcer group were 92.39%, 85.58% and 79.81%, respectively, and the difference of Hp positive rates among the three groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The area under the curve for predicting the occurrence of gastric cancer were 0.768, 0.721, 0.796 and 0.608 for PGⅠ, PGⅡ, CEA and Hp, respectively, which were lower than 0.867 for PGⅠ, PGⅡ, CEA and Hp combined detection. Conclusion: Serum PGⅠ, PGⅡ, CEA levels and Hp detection have clinical value in screening patients with early gastric cancer.
[Key words] Pepsinogen Ⅰ Pepsinogen Ⅱ Carcino-embryonic antigen Helicobacter pylori Gastric cancer
First-author’s address: Ganzhou Cancer Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2021.20.030
胃癌是起源于胃黏膜上皮的惡性腫瘤,早期常無明顯癥狀,或出現(xiàn)與胃炎、胃潰瘍類似的噯氣、上腹不適感等非特異性癥狀,易被忽視而導(dǎo)致早期診斷率降低[1-3]。胃癌的預(yù)后與其病理分型分期、部位、組織類型等因素有關(guān),早期發(fā)現(xiàn)胃癌病變并及時(shí)給予有效的治療,可提高患者5年生存率。因此,尋求可靠的檢測(cè)指標(biāo)對(duì)胃癌早期進(jìn)行檢查和診斷至關(guān)重要[4-6]。常用的胃癌篩查方法包括胃鏡檢查、血清胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ(pepsinogen Ⅰ,PGⅠ)、胃蛋白酶原Ⅱ(pepsinogen Ⅱ,PGⅡ)、血清癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA)等,胃鏡檢查雖具有較高的胃癌確診準(zhǔn)確率,但因其屬于侵入式操作,部分患者難以配合檢查,且檢查費(fèi)用昂貴,限制了其在胃癌早期篩查中的應(yīng)用[7-8]。PGⅠ與PGⅡ可檢測(cè)胃黏膜有無受損、受損的程度和部位以及Hp治療效果[9]。CEA是一種腫瘤標(biāo)志物,臨床常作為胃癌的輔助診斷指標(biāo)[10]。既往研究已證實(shí),幽門螺桿菌(helicobacter pylori,Hp)與胃癌的發(fā)生有關(guān)[11-12]。本研究探討分析了血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ、CEA水平及Hp檢測(cè)在胃癌早期篩查中的應(yīng)用,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 選取2020年1-12月在本院確診的92例胃癌患者為胃癌組,104例慢性胃炎患者為慢性胃炎組,104例胃潰瘍患者為胃潰瘍組。(1)納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①經(jīng)胃鏡下病理活檢檢查分別符合胃癌、慢性胃炎和胃潰瘍?cè)\斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[13-15];②入組前3個(gè)月內(nèi)未接受任何影響胃腸功能藥物或手術(shù)治療。(2)排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①合并嚴(yán)重心、肝、腎等臟器功能不全及其他免疫性相關(guān)性疾病;②合并上消化道出血;③合并心理、精神疾病。本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)通過,患者及家屬均知情同意。
1.2 方法 于入院后次日清晨,抽取三組患者空腹靜脈血5 mL,采用酶聯(lián)免疫法(試劑盒由上海廣銳生物科技有限公司生產(chǎn))檢測(cè)血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ、CEA水平,PGⅠ正常參考值67~200 ng/mL,PGⅡ正常參考值0~15 ng/mL,CEA正常參考值0~4.7 ng/mL;
采用13C呼氣試驗(yàn)檢測(cè)三組患者Hp水平,以DOB>4.4‰為陽(yáng)性,DOB<3.6‰為陰性。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)與判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 比較三組患者血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ、CEA及Hp,其中PGⅠ<67 ng/mL、PGⅡ>15 ng/mL、CEA>4.7 ng/mL為陽(yáng)性,陽(yáng)性結(jié)果代表胃癌患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 18.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,兩兩比較采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn),三組比較采用單因素方法分析;計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,比較采用字2檢驗(yàn)。采用受試者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲線分析PGⅠ、PGⅡ、CEA及Hp對(duì)胃癌的診斷效能。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 三組患者一般資料比較 三組患者一般資料比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性,見表1。
2.2 三組患者血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ、CEA水平比
較 胃癌組患者PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平均低于慢性胃炎組和胃潰瘍組,CEA水平高于慢性胃炎組和胃潰瘍組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表2。
2.3 三組患者Hp陽(yáng)性率比較 三組患者Hp陽(yáng)性率分別為92.39%、85.58%和79.81%,三組患者Hp陽(yáng)性率比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(字2=6.270,P<0.05),見表3。
2.4 血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ、CEA水平及Hp檢測(cè)對(duì)胃癌早期的預(yù)測(cè)作用 采用變量賦值,胃癌組=1,非胃癌組=0。PGⅠ、PGⅡ、CEA及Hp預(yù)測(cè)胃癌發(fā)生的曲線下面積(area under curve,AUC)分別為0.768、0.721、0.796和0.608,PGⅠ、PGⅡ、CEA及Hp聯(lián)合檢測(cè)的AUC最大,為0.867,即聯(lián)合檢測(cè)對(duì)早期胃癌具有最好診斷價(jià)值。見圖1、表4。
3 討論
近年來,胃癌在我國(guó)各種惡性腫瘤中發(fā)病率逐年上升,給患者身心健康造成嚴(yán)重影響。胃癌早期無論是否有無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移,手術(shù)后5年生存率均在90%以上,早期篩查和干預(yù)對(duì)降低胃癌死亡率有重要意義[16]。本研究探討分析PGⅠ、PGⅡ、CEA水平及Hp檢測(cè)在胃癌早期篩查中的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,胃癌組患者PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平均低于慢性胃炎組和胃潰瘍組,CEA水平高于慢性胃炎組和胃潰瘍組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。既往研究顯示,PGⅠ和PGⅡ水平變化可反映胃基礎(chǔ)分泌水平和胃黏膜功能及狀態(tài),早期胃癌患者常出現(xiàn)局部胃組織壞死,造成胃黏膜功能嚴(yán)重受損,影響胃底腺分泌的PGⅠ、PGⅡ,從而引起血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平均顯著降低,因此,血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平在胃癌預(yù)警中具有重要意義[17-18]。本研究結(jié)果與其基本一致,證實(shí)了血清PGⅠ和PGⅡ水平檢測(cè)有利于胃癌檢出。大量研究證實(shí),CEA作為一種血液腫瘤標(biāo)記物,主要反映了胃腸道腫瘤,尤其對(duì)胃癌最為敏感。胃癌患者血清CEA常呈倍數(shù)增長(zhǎng),且腫瘤惡性程度越高,血清CEA數(shù)值越高[19]。Hp是胃癌的致癌原,機(jī)體感染Hp后可引起胃黏膜細(xì)胞發(fā)生萎縮腸化,進(jìn)一步發(fā)展為不典型增生,最終發(fā)生癌變。流行病學(xué)顯示,感染Hp是引起胃癌的高危因素,Hp感染率和胃癌發(fā)生率一致,在Hp感染患者中,胃癌發(fā)生率也增高[20]。本研究中,三組患者Hp陽(yáng)性率分別為92.39%、85.58%和79.81%,三組患者Hp陽(yáng)性率比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。證實(shí)了Hp在胃癌患者中具有較高的檢出率。
ROC曲線結(jié)果顯示,PGⅠ、PGⅡ、CEA及Hp預(yù)測(cè)胃癌發(fā)生的曲線下面積分別為0.768、0.721、0.796和0.608,低于PGⅠ、PGⅡ、CEA及Hp聯(lián)合檢測(cè)的0.867。說明聯(lián)合檢測(cè)對(duì)胃癌早期具有較好診斷價(jià)值,證實(shí)了血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ、CEA及Hp聯(lián)合檢測(cè)對(duì)胃癌早期患者的診斷效能明顯好于慢性胃炎組和胃潰瘍組。
綜上所述,血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ、CEA及Hp水平與胃癌發(fā)生關(guān)系密切,可作為胃癌早期的篩查手段,為臨床診治提供依據(jù)。
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(收稿日期:2021-05-24) (本文編輯:張明瀾)