白樂 李恩寬 郭欣偉
摘 要:為緩解水資源供需矛盾與水資源壓力,評(píng)價(jià)礦井水開發(fā)利用現(xiàn)狀,挖掘其潛力,是開展礦井水資源化利用的重要工作。梳理總結(jié)礦井水資源利用及相關(guān)概念與內(nèi)涵,指出礦井水資源可利用量是開發(fā)利用能力的函數(shù),對(duì)應(yīng)開發(fā)利用能力的礦井水資源可劃分為可利用量和不可利用量兩部分。采用極限分析理論,推理辨析礦井水現(xiàn)狀利用量、理論利用量及潛力等概念和定量關(guān)系,完善和統(tǒng)一了礦井水資源利用的概念體系和評(píng)價(jià)方法。以石圪臺(tái)礦區(qū)為例,評(píng)價(jià)礦井水資源利用現(xiàn)狀和潛力,計(jì)算出現(xiàn)狀和理論可利用量分別為602.25萬~1 159.75萬m3、730.00萬~1 405.75萬m3,現(xiàn)狀和理論利用潛力分別為0 ~163.66萬m3和131.67萬~ 409.67萬m3,指出了現(xiàn)狀礦井水資源利用的閾值空間和挖掘方向。
關(guān)鍵詞:礦井水資源;可利用量;開發(fā)利用能力;潛力;石圪臺(tái)礦區(qū)
Abstract:In order to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources and the pressure of water resources, evaluate the present situation of mine water development and utilization, and tap the potential, it is an important work to carry out the utilization of mine water resources. Combing and summarizing the utilization of mine water resources and related concepts and connotations, this paper brought out the related concepts of mine water resources utilization, and pointed out that the available amount of mine water resources was a function of utilization capacity. Mine water resources with corresponding utilization capacity could be divided into two parts. Using the theory of limit analysis, the concept and quantitative relationship of mine water current utilization, theoretical utilization and potential were analyzed. This paper improved and unified the concept system and evaluation method of mine water resources utilization. Taking the Shigetai mining area as an example, the status and utilization potential of mine water resources utilization were evaluated. After calculation, the current situation and theoretical available capacity were 6.02 million m3-11.59 million m3 and 7.30 million -14.06 million m3 respectively. The current and theoretical utilization potential were 0-1.64 million m3 and 1.32 million m3-4.10 million m3 respectively. It pointed out the threshold space and excavation direction of the current utilization of mine water resources.
Key words: mine water resources; available quantity; utilization capability; potential evaluation; Shigetai mining area
根據(jù)國家煤礦安全監(jiān)察局2012年的調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì),近年來我國煤礦年實(shí)際排水量為71.7億m3,煤礦正常涌水量超過1 000 m3/a的共有61家,礦井水損失量約60億t/a,相當(dāng)于我國工業(yè)和民用缺水量(100億t/a)的60%[1]。在礦井水沒有得到有效利用的同時(shí),礦區(qū)建設(shè)面臨找水、水資源綜合利用和優(yōu)化配置等難題。因此,礦井水資源化利用是煤炭資源開發(fā)和水資源短缺矛盾雙重驅(qū)動(dòng)下的產(chǎn)物,將其納入?yún)^(qū)域水資源開發(fā)利用發(fā)展規(guī)劃,是緩解煤炭開采區(qū)水資源短缺、提高水資源利用效率的重要途經(jīng)。國家發(fā)展改革委、國家能源局聯(lián)合印發(fā)的《礦井水利用發(fā)展規(guī)劃》提出 “到2015年……全國煤礦礦井水排放量達(dá)71億m3,利用量54億m3,利用率提高到75%,新增礦井水利用量18億m3”。2015年國務(wù)院發(fā)布的“水十條”中明確提出“推進(jìn)礦井水綜合利用,煤炭礦區(qū)的補(bǔ)充用水、周邊地區(qū)生產(chǎn)和生態(tài)用水應(yīng)優(yōu)先使用礦井水,加強(qiáng)選煤廢水循環(huán)利用”。
眾多學(xué)者從不同角度對(duì)礦井水資源利用現(xiàn)狀、技術(shù)及存在問題進(jìn)行了研究。李喜林等[2]提出了“礦井水資源評(píng)價(jià)”的概念,闡述了其內(nèi)涵、研究內(nèi)容和技術(shù)體系。何緒文等[3]調(diào)查得出2005年全國煤礦礦井涌水量為42億m3左右,利用率僅為26.2%。顧大釗[4]提出的地下水庫儲(chǔ)用礦井水理念在神東礦區(qū)成功運(yùn)用,為西部地區(qū)煤礦礦井水資源化利用提供了理論和技術(shù)依據(jù)。袁亮等[5]基于多應(yīng)力場耦合演化規(guī)律對(duì)關(guān)閉/廢棄礦井水進(jìn)行智能精準(zhǔn)開發(fā)。郭雷等[6]針對(duì)礦井水管理現(xiàn)狀及存在的問題,建議健全礦井水利用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系。連會(huì)青等[7]提出了礦井水“排水(疏水)—供水—回灌—生態(tài)環(huán)保—安全開采”五位一體化利用模式。礦井水處理技術(shù)的長足發(fā)展[8-14],為礦井水資源化利用奠定了科技基礎(chǔ)。