CONTENTS(No.3，2021)

SpecialColumn:TheChineseCommunistPartyandJapanintheAnti-JapaneseWar

The International Survival of the Chinese Communist Party in Anti-Japanese War

Han Dongyu(4)

The Chinese Communist Party and the War of Resistance against Japan from a Japanese Perspective

Dong Haozhi(11)

“Japan’s Invasion of China” and “Chinese War of Resistance against Japan” Reflected in

Japanese Soldiers’ Diary in Wartime——Centered on theKobayasutaro’sDiaryonSino-JapaneseWar

Wang Mingbing(20)

AncientCivilizationStudies

On the Reasons of the Disorder of Politics in the Later Roman Empire during the Reign of Zeno

Dong Xiaojia(29)

The Study of Talas Battle from the Perspective of Geographical History

Bai Nan and Ma Zhengrong(42)

Studies on the Divine Adoratrice of Amun in Ancient Egypt

Chen Jiaqi(51)

Europe-AmericaStudies

The Evolution of American Racism in the Post-Civil Rights Era

Niu Zhongguang(58)

The Sino-U.S. Agreement on Trade Relations of 1979 and the Normalization of Sino-U.S.

Economic and Trade Relations

Liu Lei and Yu Tingting(67)

On the International Academic Exchanges between the United States and the Soviet Union in the

Cold War (1958—1972)

Wang Zihui and Li Chuchu(81)

The Legal Dispute and Ideological Context of the Use of London Commons in the 19th Century

Yan Yufang(90)

ResearchOverview

Review and Prospect of American Progressive Movement

Zhao Huibing(98)

A Review of the Research on “Jus Post Bellum” in European and American Academic Circles

Zhou Xudong(107)

EnglishAbstract

(116)

CallforPapers

(120)

AnnualMeetingoftheHistoryTeachingSteeringCommitteeoftheMinistryofEducation2021and

JointMeetingofHistoryDepartmentChairsofNationalUniversitiesheldinNortheastNormalUniversity

Cover Ⅱ

AnnualMeetingoftheChineseSocietyofJapaneseHistory2021andSymposiumonJapan’sInternal

andExternalContradictionsandItsPolicyChoicesduringtheTwoWorldWarsheldatNortheast

NormalUniversityandNankaiUniversity

Cover Ⅲ

SUMMARIESOFARTICLES

TheInternationalSurvivaloftheChineseCommunistPartyinAnti-JapaneseWar

Han Dongyu

From the day the Communist Manifesto was born， the Communist movement has been blocked and besieged by the capitalist world， whether by “ghosts” or “dawn”. Like the West， Japan in modern times has been wary of the beliefs and organizations associated with the Communist International. However， the “anti-communist” wall erected by the Japanese government eventually collapsed on itself in the form of “tolerance of communism”. The warp and woof in between is twisted and dramatic， contradictory and complicated. When we gaze at this historical aspect of the CCP’s century-long career， the lesser-known details and hardships of the Party’s history may bring a different kind of inspiration to the present generation.

TheChineseCommunistPartyandtheWarofResistanceagainstJapanfromaJapanesePerspective

Dong Haozhi

Japanese books published openly or secretly during the war of aggression against China contain varying degrees of description and analysis of the Chinese Communist Party’s anti-Japanese forces (i.e.， the “Communist Army”). Among them， whether it was the “Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army” in the local resistance war or the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army in the full-scale resistance war， although they were inferior in numbers and weaponry compared to the Kuomintang army， they were good at guerrilla tactics， political work， and indoctrination work， and mobilized the masses extensively， achieving the integration of the Party， the government， the military， and the people， turning the war against Japan changed from a “military war” to a “political war” and gradually became the main force of the war against Japan. This means that examining the Japanese perception of the Chinese Communist Party and its army from a hostile perspective further highlights the Chinese Communist Party’s status as the “mainstay” of the Fourteen Years’ War of Resistance.

“Japan’sInvasionofChina”and“ChineseWarofResistanceagainstJapan”ReflectedinJapaneseSoldiers’DiaryinWartime——CenteredontheKobayasutaro’sDiaryonSino-JapaneseWar

Wang Mingbing

TheKobayasutaro’sDiaryonSino-JapaneseWarprovides an “individuality” perspective and evidence for us to understand how the “crime” of Japan’s invasion of China and the “banality of evil” of ordinary people happened from the “wartime experience” of an ordinary bottom soldier. At the same time， we can also see the indomitable and tenacious of K.M.T and C.P.C in the fight against aggression both in the center stage battlefield and the backstage battlefield from the perspective of “the other” of the “hostility”. The “daily details”， the “historical participation” of different individuals and their “Views of China” “Views of War” presented in the “personal writing” of such Japanese soldiers’ diary in wartime， also provides us a different kind of enlightenment to reference or complement for the lack of mainstream academic research and its “public narrative” based on official archives.

OntheReasonsoftheDisorderofPoliticsintheLaterRomanEmpireduringtheReignofZeno

Dong Xiaojia

The politics of eastern government of the Later Roman Empire suffered years of misrule during the reign of Zeno， and which induced Zeno to let the things in the Western empire slide. The anti-barbarians sentiments in the empire inside created the important historical background which put Zeno into the political hot water， and which also made the emperor Zeno， an Isaurian， unpopular. At the same time， the immediate cause of the disorder of the central politics in the eastern of the Later Roman Empire was the members of the royal family broke up to fight over the throne. And finally， all of the chief conspirators of civil disorders were the high-ranking general officers during the reign of Zeno， which illustrated that the inner contradiction between the imperial power and the army was the basic reason of the disorders.

TheStudyoftheTalasBattlefromthePerspectiveofGeographicalHistory

Bai Nan and Ma Zhengrong

Battle of Talas was a large-scale conflict between the Tang Empire and the Arab Empire in the city of Talas in Central Asia in 751 AD. Although the battle ultimately ended in the defeat of Tang army， it did not produce a negative impact on the relationship between the two empires. On the contrary， the Silk Road reached its final glory after the battle. Although the battle was only an encounter between the two empires， it was an inevitable result driven by the need for geographic expansion in the periodic development of civilization premised on technological breakthroughs. As for the unique geographical pattern of Central Asia， it greatly reduced the scale of the battle， so that it could only become a limited-scale battle confined to the part of the mainland， and thus became a catalyst for promoting the exchanges between the two civilizations.

StudiesontheDivineAdoratriceofAmuninAncientEgypt

Chen Jiaqi

Divine adoratrice of Amun was an important official position in the temple of Amun in Thebes， which appeared in the decline of national strength and political turbulence in the third intermediate period. It was the product of the mutual compromise between the kingship and theocracy. The king appointed his own daughter or sister in the form of life-long unmarried to be divine adoratrice of Amun in order to represent the king to supervise and balance the power of the temple of Thebes. This article analyzes the status of the divine adoratrice of Amun in religion， politics and economy fields， and attempts to provide a new perspective for the comprehensive understanding of this position and the consideration of the relationship between kingship and theocracy in the later period of ancient Egypt.

TheEvolutionofAmericanRacisminthePost-CivilRightsEra

Niu Zhongguang

The civil rights movement in the United States was a watershed for American racial politics and the evolvement of American racism. Since its decline， American racism has experienced mainstream ideologies such as white backlash， whiteness， colorblindness， and post-racism. These implicit racist ideologies as a whole serve the pervasive retreat from race in white American society and have interrelated internal logic. The direct purpose of the changes is to resist and cancel the policy support for the equal rights of ethnic minorities that the civil rights movement strives for， so as to maintain the dominance of white social norms and the legacy of racial advantages and privileges inherited from the racist history. The historical and practical factors are mainly the old white racist thoughts in American history that have never been eradicated， American politicians’ preference for partisan interests， the intergenerational transmission of racial prejudice among white groups， and American minorities’ differentiation of interests within or between ethnic groups. The logical root of contemporary American racism being hard to eradicate still lies in the essentialist imagination of white Americans being threatened by others， and this instrumental consideration of self-interest based on the essentialism.

TheSino-U.S.AgreementononTradeRelationsof1979andtheNormalizationofSino-U.S.EconomicandTradeRelations

Liu Lei and Yu Tingting

In the early 1979， China and the United States established diplomatic relations and normalized the political relations. As a result， the Sino-U.S. economic and trade exchanges heated up.However， there are still outstanding problems. In order to promote the normalization of economic and trade relations， China and the United States started to address key issues in the economic and trade communication. The most outstanding problems among them were the issue of most-favored-nation treatment， which prompted the Sino-U.S. negotiations on a trade agreement. However， the negotiations met with legal， political and economic obstacles and were also intertwined with the asset claims and textiles negotiations. In the end， China and the United States managed to reach the Sino-U.S. agreement on trade relations in July 1979， which not only opened up a new stage of Sino-U.S. economic and trade normalization， but also exerted a positive influence to China’s reform and opening up and the four modernizations.

OntheInternationalAcademicExchangesbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionintheColdWar(1958—1972)

Wang Zihui and Li Chuchu

In the 1950s， the United States and the Soviet Union signed a cultural exchange agreement in 1958 after nearly three years of negotiations on the basis of their respective political， economic， cultural， technological and ideological considerations. Thus， the two sides launched a certain scale of academic exchange activities. In the process of exchange， the Inter University Committee on Travel Grants， the International Research， Exchange Board of the United States and the Ministry of Higher Education of the Soviet Union had taken on the main management functions and established the operation mechanism of academic exchange in various forms. However， affected by the Cold War， scholars of both sides inevitably faced the dilemma of scientific research restricted in foreign countries. In this Cultural Cold War， the Soviet Union was able to master some advanced technologies， while the United States achieved the goal of cultural penetration. At the same time， academic exchanges had also made cultural relations one of the areas in which the United States and the Soviet Union can seek common interests， providing some opportunities for the easing of relations between the two countries during the Cold War.

TheLegalDisputeandIdeologicalContextoftheUseofLondonCommonsinthe19thCentury

Yan Yufang

In the process of London’s suburbanization in the 19th century， a large number of original ecological Commons around London were faced with the choice of “architectural development” or “permanent protection”. Between the protectors and the occupiers of common land， there was a long-term legal dispute over “private property” and “common land rights”. In the end， the protector won. In terms of ideological context， the success of commons preservation is closely related to the plural thoughts such as the natural emotional turn of the romanticism， the rational cognition of air pollution and “urban lungs”， and the political idea of creating a flexible negotiation space. The transformation of the use of London commons not only established modern rights such as sharing fresh air， recreational grounds and natural beauty， but also has many values such as the establishment of environmental protection system， humanities， ecology and so on.

ReviewandProspectofAmericanProgressiveMovement

Zhao Huibing

Since American president Woodrow Wilson’s melancholy departure from the White House in 1921，the historiography of the Progressive Movement has gone through 100 years. Its demarcation point is the publication of American scholar Peter G. Filene’s articleAnObituaryfor“TheProgressiveMovement”in 1970. Before 1970， the society-centered approach or unitary approach dominated the studies of the Progressive Movement； scholars focused on the coherence of Progressivism and social movement. After 1970， the research of the Progressive Movement entered into the diversified and pluralistic period； while the society-centered approach still persists， state-centered approach came into being and prevails. If the society-centered approach is the thesis of the Progressive Movement and the state-centered approach is its antithesis， the state-in-society approach is the synthesis. Along with the state in society approach， on the basis of short durée-event approach，the forthcoming studies of the Progressive Movement will direct from the middle durée-conjuncture approach and long durée-structure approach (including the transnational and global approach).

AReviewoftheResearchon“JusPostBellum”inEuropeanandAmericanAcademicCircles

Zhou Xudong

For a long time， Scholars have been discussing the issue of war justice， It involves Jus ad Bellum and Jus in Bello， and sometimes it refers to the issue of Jus Post Bellum . After the Second World War， the postwar treatment has attracted the attention of relevant scholars. After the first Gulf War， Jus Post Bellum has become a hot topic of scholars’ debate. One of the main issues discussed by scholars is how to deal with the defeated countries in line with justice.The research on the issue of Jus Post Bellum has improved the theory of justice war， enriched the connotation of the theory of justice war， and has a new perspective and new concept in examining the issue of war justice.