建筑設(shè)計：OPEN建筑事務(wù)所

上海油罐藝術(shù)中心是全球為數(shù)不多的油罐空間改造案例之一。曾服務(wù)于上海龍華機(jī)場的一組廢棄航油罐，經(jīng)由OPEN建筑事務(wù)所6年的改造而重獲新生，成為一個綜合性的藝術(shù)中心。

油罐藝術(shù)中心室外是向公眾開放的公園，室內(nèi)則是豐富的展覽和活動空間。新建建筑低調(diào)地消隱于地景和公園之中，這不僅是對工業(yè)遺存的尊重，也是對都市人渴求自然的回應(yīng)，更是對建立一種新型藝術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)的探索。這是一個無邊界的美術(shù)館，人們可以在藝術(shù)、自然與城市之間自由穿梭；這也是一個沒有完成時的美術(shù)館，空間的靈活性使它可以適應(yīng)各種需求，不斷發(fā)展變化。

整個項目謙遜而包容，吸引人們來此親近自然、感受藝術(shù)。美術(shù)館建筑不再是一個“物體”，以高冷的姿態(tài)拒人于千里之外，相反，不設(shè)圍墻的空間隨時歡迎任何人的進(jìn)入和體驗，不管是散步、慢跑、遛狗、拍照打卡或是草地野餐。這種設(shè)計反過來也激發(fā)藝術(shù)中心創(chuàng)造出一種全新的運營模式——對外開放以來，除了舉辦過數(shù)場高規(guī)格的藝術(shù)展覽，油罐還成為了藝術(shù)節(jié)、書展、時裝周、人工智能大會等各式各樣活動的舉辦場所，不拘一格、豐富多彩，為周邊社區(qū)及城市帶來蓬勃的生命力。

營造一個可生長的“大地藝術(shù)”正是設(shè)計的核心。在這件占地將近5hm2的大型作品中，大地是被綠意涂抹的畫布，建筑如珠玉點綴其間。5個油罐由覆土綠化的新地形——“超級地面”串聯(lián)起來。臨近公路的1、2號罐相對獨立，全部位于超級地面之上；3、4、5號罐則有一半位于超級地面之下，3個罐之間形成開闊的半地下公共空間，包含藝術(shù)中心門廳、展覽空間、報告廳、咖啡廳和藝術(shù)商店等，隔著通透的落地玻璃面向下沉式廣場。

從西側(cè)的龍騰大道到東側(cè)的黃浦江邊，室外公園的參觀路徑是多樣的，邀請人們自由地漫步其間。如果沿著逐層下降的“階梯水景”，人們將進(jìn)入“城市廣場”，涼爽的噴霧使得它成為夏季最受歡迎的樂園，而噴霧的平面形態(tài)呼應(yīng)著被拆除的一個油罐。貫穿基地南側(cè)的是一大片“都市森林”，在城市中引入自然的回歸；東側(cè)為一片開闊的“草坪廣場”，它提供給人們奔跑、休憩的空間，也可以成為室外音樂節(jié)等大型活動的觀眾席。

整個地景中散落著藝術(shù)裝置，以及兩個獨立的小建筑，用于舉辦藝術(shù)活動和小型展覽。一間被鏡面不銹鋼包裹的“無影畫廊”掩映在都市森林之中，若隱若現(xiàn)；靠近黃浦江邊，一座擁有連續(xù)鋸齒形天窗的“項目空間”則以其鮮明的幾何形態(tài)與白色的油罐形成強(qiáng)烈反差。

5個油罐的改造策略各不相同。1號罐被規(guī)劃為兩層高的Live-house，置入了一個鼓型的內(nèi)膽，來圍合出一個聲學(xué)性能適合演出的場所；2號罐被設(shè)計為餐廳，內(nèi)部挖空了一個圓形的庭院，屋頂被改成了可以欣賞江景的平臺；3號罐的內(nèi)部空間幾乎被完整保留，為大型的藝術(shù)、裝置作品提供一個擁有穹頂?shù)恼褂[空間，僅在頂部裝有一扇可開啟天窗，在需要的時候引入自然光甚至雨水；4號罐內(nèi)部置入一個立方體并分為3層，成為適合架上作品裝掛的相對傳統(tǒng)的美術(shù)館；5號罐做了體型上的加法，一個長方體體量穿越罐體而過，形成兩個分別面向“城市廣場”和“草坪廣場”的室外舞臺。油罐罐體最大程度保持了工業(yè)痕跡和原始的美感，只新增了一些圓形、膠囊形的舷窗和開洞，形成外立面獨特的表情，同時給罐內(nèi)營造了朝向公園和黃浦江的優(yōu)美框景。

獨特的油罐藝術(shù)中心定義了新時代的都市藝術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)，它將城市公園與藝術(shù)展覽、大地景觀與建筑空間、工業(yè)遺存與創(chuàng)新未來，都天衣無縫地融合起來，并以開放友善、謙遜包容的姿態(tài)融入城市生活中，深受公眾的喜愛。一個無邊界的美術(shù)館發(fā)揮著它的無限可能，同時潛移默化地塑造著一種平等、共享的人文精神。

1 首層平面/Ground floor plan

2 油罐軸測/Tank axonometrics

3 階梯水景/Stepped waterscape

4 城市廣場平臺/Urban plaza platform

Design Concept

Along the banks of Shanghai's Huangpu River,five decommissioned aviation fuel tanks and the surrounding site - forgotten relics of the city's former Longhua Airport - have been given new life and relevancy. Over the course of six years, these iconic tanks were transformed from fuel containers into a vibrant new art and cultural centre.

Conceived of as both an art centre and an open park simultaneously, the project not only pays tribute to the site's industrial past, but also seeks to dissolve the conventional perceptions of art institutions with formidable walls and definitive boundaries that separate the museum goers from those who are not. It sets out to be an art centre for all, a museum without boundaries.

Long, sloping landscaped meadows down to and around each tank gallery offer open access to the street and riverside, inviting visitors and passersby to move freely between the city, nature,and art. Amidst the backdrop of Shanghai's many more exclusive cultural projects, this gesture creates surprising - and rare - social inclusivity. Many come to the Tanks to view an art show, more come to jog or picnic, or simply to enjoy the undulating landscape with great view of the river. This open approach to the museum space has already brought about unexpected benefits and inspired new operational models for the art centre. Tank Shanghai has hosted not only high-pro file art exhibitions but also many other non-conventional art related events since its opening, such as fashion week, book fair,art festival, and even AI conferences. By attracting vast new audiences, Tank Shanghai has brought unprecedented energy to the formerly desolate industrial neighbourhood.

Central to the project's design is the merging of architecture and landscape through a Z-shaped"Super-Surface" - a 5 hm2landscaped swath of trees and grasses which connects the five tanks and weaves different elements of the site together. Underneath the Super-Surface is the new construction of a large free-flowing open space that connects three of the five tanks from the underground level.

Visitors arriving from the street would descend a pebble path accompanied by a terraced waterscape toward the plaza, and then to the main entry,hardly realising that now they are at underground level. Hidden misting devices create a cooling fog in the centre of the plaza during summer times.At once poetic and practical, this circle of mist was designed to evoke the memory of a sixth tank which was torn down for the construction of the neighbouring heliport, while at the same time improving the microclimate of the Plaza. Flanking the south side of the plaza is an "Urban Forest"which provide much desired greenery and shades to the urban residents. Covering the eastern portion of the site, a second grassy plaza provides open space for outdoor events and leisure, and doubles as a standing room for audiences during music festivals.

The parks and plazas are dotted with a collection of freely accessible public art installations.Dispersed in the surrounding landscape are two separate smaller galleries. Wrapped in mirrored stainless-steel sheets, the Reflecting Gallery re flects the greenery around it and almost dissolves entirely into the Urban Forest. The multipurpose Project Space, overlooking the river and a tree-lined re flecting pool, features a saw-toothed roo fline that deliberately juxtaposes the curvilinearity of the tanks. Across from it, the airport's old firefighting pool now serves as a rectangular reflecting pond surrounded by olive trees.

We approached the design of each of the five tanks in response to the requirements of the different programmes housed within them. Tank 1 - a twostory pub with live music performances - has an added inner volume that is drum-shaped to improve the space's acoustical quality. Tank 2 - a restaurant -is organised around a circular central courtyard, and features a roof deck for alfresco dining. Tank 3 remains almost unchanged except for the addition of a central oculus and fireproofing to meet current life safety requirements. It offers a pantheon - like domed space for large artworks and installations. Tank 4 contains a three-level cube that offers more conventional spaces for gallery and canvas art. Tank 5 features an inserted rectangular volume that passes through the body of the tank and emerges on either side to form two stages on both ends. From the exterior, the surface of all of the tanks preserve their original industrial aesthetics, only occasional capsule-shaped openings and portholes were added to bring light and view to the inside as needed.

Overall, Tank Shanghai represents a new type of urban art institution - one linking the past and the future, fusing art with nature, and more importantly, establishing meaningful connection between people and the place. With its unusual form and mission, we hope Tank Shanghai, the art centre without boundaries, will continue to facilitate and inspire the creation of more inclusive and collective cultural spaces.

項目信息/Credits and Data

地點/Location: 上海市徐匯區(qū)龍騰大道2380號/2380 Longteng Avenue, Xuhui District, Shanghai

客戶/Client: 上海西岸開發(fā)（集團(tuán)）有限公司 + 上海油罐藝術(shù)中心/Shanghai West Bund Development Group + Tank Shanghai

主持建筑師/Principal Architects: 李虎，黃文菁/LI Hu,HUANG Wenjing

設(shè)計團(tuán)隊/Design Team: OPEN建筑事務(wù)所/OPEN Architecture

項目成員/Project Members: 葉青，羅韌，Victor Quiros，周亭婷，陳修遠(yuǎn)，李振濤，趙耀，盧笛，賈瀚，張譯文，史程昱，周小晨，黃中漢，陳逸嵐，崔雨柔，楊騏，戈燦，高琪，Stephanie Lee，金波安，張浩，王莽原，閆迪華，張暢，Tomas Kowalsky，蔣思敏/YE Qing,LUO Ren, Victor Quiros, ZHOU Tingting, CHEN Xiuyuan, LI Zhentao, ZHAO Yao, LU Di, JIA Han, ZHANG Yiwen, Steven Shi, ZHOU Xiaochen, HUANG Zhonghan, Laurence Chan,Cynthia Yurou Cui, YANG Qi, GE Can, GAO Qi, Stephanie Lee, JIN Boan, ZHANG Hao, WANG Mangyuan, YAN Dihua,ZHANG Chang, Tomas Kowalsky, JIANG Simin

合作設(shè)計院/Local Design Institute: 同濟(jì)大學(xué)建筑設(shè)計研究院/Tongji Architectural Design Group

合作設(shè)計院團(tuán)隊/LDI Team: 孫逍闌，張馨培，佘翔（建筑）；余金鑫，于發(fā)楊（結(jié)構(gòu)）；唐振中，武攀，孫曉峰，周東（機(jī)電）/SUN Xiaolan, ZHANG Xinpei, SHE Xiang (Architecture); YU Jinxin, YU Fayang (Structure);TANG Zhenzhong, WU Pan, SUN Xiaofeng, ZHOU Dong(MEP)

景觀設(shè)計/Landscape Design: OPEN建筑事務(wù)所 + 北京易地斯埃東方環(huán)境景觀設(shè)計有限公司/OPEN Architecture + Beijing EDSA Orient Planning & Landscape Architecture Co., Ltd.

照明顧問/Lighting Consultant: 上海明馳建筑工程設(shè)計有限公司/Shanghai Ming Chi Architecture and Engineering Co., Ltd.

結(jié)構(gòu)體系/Structural System: 鋼結(jié)構(gòu)，鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)/Steel, reinforced concrete

場地面積/Site Area: 47,448 m2

總建筑面積/Total Floor Area: 10,845 m2

設(shè)計時間/Design Period: 2013-2019

施工時間/Construction Period: 2017-2019

竣工時間/Completion Time: 2019

繪圖/Drawings: OPEN建筑事務(wù)所/OPEN Architecture

攝影/Photos: 一勺景觀攝影/INSAW Image (fig.3,4,7,8)，田方方/TIAN Fangfang (fig.5)，OPEN建筑事務(wù)所/OPEN Architecture ( fig.6)，吳清山/WU Qingshan ( fig.10,11)

5 超級地面/Super-surface

6 改造前的場地/Original site

7 鳥瞰/Aerial view

8 都市森林/Urban forest

評委評語

曹嘉明：上海油罐藝術(shù)中心出色地利用工業(yè)遺存，營造了一個可生長的大地公共藝術(shù)作品。巧妙地結(jié)合地勢，形成了一種開放的、共享的優(yōu)雅場景。充分利用內(nèi)部空間設(shè)計了不同的功能，使其充滿無限的想象力。工業(yè)遺存與時代精神的結(jié)合，油罐本體與場地的有機(jī)結(jié)合，場內(nèi)外空間的流暢以及5個外形一致而功能不同的油罐展覽空間，共同構(gòu)成藝術(shù)中心的開放性，使其成為本次評審中最有創(chuàng)意的作品之一。

Jury Statement

CAO Jiaming: The outstanding use of industrial heritage has created a growable earthy public artwork. The smart combination of topography has created an open,shared and elegant landscape. Different functions have been designed to take full use of the interior space, making it in finitely imaginative. The combination of the industrial heritage and the spirit of the times, the organic integration of the tanks with the site, the fluidity of the space inside and outside, five tanks' exhibition spaces with the same shape but different functions, resulting in the openness that makes the Tank Shanghai one of the most innovative works of IUPA 2020.(Translated by PAN Yi)

鮑里斯·沙德-賓索夫：上海油罐藝術(shù)中心將上海黃浦江邊的5個廢棄油罐及其周邊工業(yè)環(huán)境改造為一個藝術(shù)中心和休閑公園。該項目把一片廢棄區(qū)域變成了公共空間。令人印象深刻的是它與周圍環(huán)境的融合，運用廣場、自然元素和道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)重新賦予地景以活力，并在不同層之間流暢轉(zhuǎn)換。（錢芳 譯）

Boris Schade-Bünsow: Tank Shanghai transforms five former fuel tanks and its industrial surroundings on the banks of Shanghai's Huangpu River into an art centre and a leisure park. The project changes the abandoned area into a public space. It impresses with its integration into the surroundings and revitalisation of the landscape with squares, nature, a network of paths and fluent transition between levels.

9 地景組成/Landscape components

10 4號油罐展覽空間/Exhibition space in Tank 4

11 朝向黃浦江的罐體開洞/Opening towards the Huangpu River