建筑設(shè)計(jì)：保羅·門德斯·達(dá)·羅查 + MMBB建筑事務(wù)所

1 鳥瞰/Aerial view

SESC簡介

商貿(mào)服務(wù)組織（簡稱SESC）是一個管理著38個活動中心的機(jī)構(gòu)。這些活動中心匯集了不同領(lǐng)域的專家，通過各種文化、教育、體育、休閑和健康項(xiàng)目組織在一起。該機(jī)構(gòu)還通過眾多與音樂、戲劇、舞蹈、馬戲、文學(xué)、視覺藝術(shù)等相關(guān)的項(xiàng)目發(fā)展國內(nèi)和國際合作關(guān)系。

SESC的活動以其品德教育和追求廣泛的社會福祉為指導(dǎo)，這是對廣義的“文化”一詞的理解。從這個意義上說，作為一種個體自主性和公民實(shí)踐的形式，空間的可達(dá)性和機(jī)構(gòu)所提供的內(nèi)容加強(qiáng)了文化價值觀的民主化。

五月二十四日街商貿(mào)服務(wù)綜合體于2017年8月19日對公眾開放，截止2018年1月31日，已累計(jì)接待了1,257,455人次。

項(xiàng)目簡介

我們認(rèn)為像圣保羅這樣的城市，其轉(zhuǎn)型和發(fā)展的過程是通過慢慢適應(yīng)社會習(xí)俗和生活方式的變化而實(shí)現(xiàn)的。

新的五月二十四日街商貿(mào)服務(wù)綜合體包含了一系列娛樂休閑和服務(wù)設(shè)施，占據(jù)了圣保羅市區(qū)曾經(jīng)的Mesbla總部大樓，是一個在城市遺址環(huán)境中進(jìn)行干預(yù)的典型代表。考慮到這樣的背景，設(shè)計(jì)方案既有效地促進(jìn)了城市這一引人注目的區(qū)域的升級，同時重新調(diào)整了建筑結(jié)構(gòu)，使其完全適應(yīng)新的功能和特定的項(xiàng)目。為此，設(shè)計(jì)提出了以下基本概念：

（1）作為一個公共場所營造的核心概念，建筑的首層容納了一個大型開放廣場，它能夠自由通行，且具有畫廊的特征，與街區(qū)周圍令人興奮的環(huán)境直接相連；

（2）將以前的地下車庫改造成咖啡館和劇院，同周圍熱鬧的街道聯(lián)系起來；

（3）創(chuàng)建一個由大量坡道組成的垂直流線系統(tǒng)，勾勒出一個清晰連貫的環(huán)廊，形成建筑的漫步道，并以有趣的方式將廣闊的城市空間與新商貿(mào)服務(wù)大廈的種種室內(nèi)項(xiàng)目連在一起；

2 街景/Street view

（4）在設(shè)計(jì)策略層面形成一系列的開放空間，這些空間都是有頂?shù)募芸諒V場，從而使建筑向周圍開放。這些空間——如游樂場和游泳池花園——沒有封閉的立面，而是沿著開放流通的坡道網(wǎng)絡(luò)，扮演空中花園的角色；

（5）為了重視圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的價值，避免單調(diào)的地板疊加，設(shè)計(jì)最終采用了樓板交織的設(shè)計(jì)，挑空大廳部分有夾層，以及上部和架空的畫廊，為一些項(xiàng)目所使用；

（6）屋頂上建造了一個寬闊的廣場，是一個包含露天泳池的日光浴場；

（7）將所有技術(shù)和機(jī)械基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施都集中在一個作為獨(dú)立服務(wù)塔使用的附屬樓內(nèi)。為此，所有的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施都被盡可能地壓縮在一個擴(kuò)建體上，它被建造在臨近的一塊廢棄多年的土地上；

（8）將家具設(shè)計(jì)作為建筑設(shè)計(jì)的一部分。這帶來了一系列色彩鮮艷的桌、椅、沙發(fā)、櫥柜，模塊化堆疊家具元素的設(shè)計(jì)以一種愉悅詼諧的方式完成了建筑的設(shè)計(jì)，強(qiáng)化了它的機(jī)構(gòu)身份。

為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)——既是設(shè)計(jì)的核心挑戰(zhàn)，也是空間特征的定位——建筑師采用了一系列的建造技術(shù)和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施供應(yīng)，具體如下：

（1）對原Mesbla建筑結(jié)構(gòu)的特定部分進(jìn)行選擇性拆除，保留其基本結(jié)構(gòu)元素和中央大廳，新的設(shè)計(jì)圍繞垂直空間進(jìn)行構(gòu)造；

（2）新的自主建筑結(jié)構(gòu)，主要由4根柱子支撐，讓出了中心空間，承載著一系列大尺度交錯空間，以及屋頂上的日光浴場和游泳池體量；

（3）通過略微降低地平高度將建筑以前的車庫改造為劇院，與此同時，謹(jǐn)慎地尊重其臨近建筑的邊界和結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)；

（4）根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)叵婪ㄒ?guī)的要求，開發(fā)一套適用于所有樓層的精密機(jī)械排煙系統(tǒng)。它的復(fù)雜性能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)各類空間布局，如雙層和完全開放的流線網(wǎng)絡(luò)這些一般在建筑中無法實(shí)現(xiàn)的具有特殊用途和設(shè)計(jì)限制的布局。（龐凌波 譯）

3 近景鳥瞰/Nearby aerial view

About SESC

SESC (The Social S ervice of Commerce) is an institution that oversees 38 activity centres that bring together various fields of expertise, articulated through a variety of cultural, educational,sports, and leisure and health programmes. This institution also develops national and international partnerships through numerous projects related to music, theatre, dance, circus, literature and the visual arts.

SESC's activities are guided by its educational ethics as well as the pursuit of broad social wellbeing, in which the term culture is understood in its full spectrum. In this sense, the full accessibility to the spaces and contents offered by the institution enhances the democratisation of cultural values as a form of individual autonomy and the practice of citizenship.

SESC 24 de Maio opened on August 19th 2017 and, by January 31st 2018, the venue had already received 1,257,455 people.

The Project

We believe that the process of transformation and development of cities such as S?o Paulo is made by slowly adapting to the changes of customs and way of life of the societies that build them.

The new SESC 24 de Maio - which houses a complex set of recreational and service facilities -occupies the former headquarter of the Mesbla department store in downtown S?o Paulo, and represents an exemplary challenge of intervening in the context of an urban heritage site. Taking such context into account the proposed design as set both to contribute effectively to the upgrading of such remarkable area of the city, as well as to readapt the building structure to a completely new set of uses and speci fic programmes. In order to do so, the following basic ideas were outlined:

(1) To house a large open square at the ground level of the building as a central idea of public place making, designing it as a free passage with a gallery character that is directly linked to the exciting surroundings of the neighbourhood;

(2) To transform the former underground garage into a Café and a Theatre, in direct relation to lively streets that surround it;

(3) To create a new vertical circulation system composed of a generous sequence of ramps,outlining a clear and continuous circuit that sets an architectural promenade and playfully connects the wider urban spaces of the city to the various indoors programmes of the new SESC building;

(4) To structure a variety of open spaces at strategic levels that are designed as covered elevated squares, thus opening the building to its surroundings. Such spaces - such as the Conviviality Square and the Swimming Pool Garden - are not enclosed with fa?ades and act as hanging gardens along the open circulation network of ramps;

(5) To adopt eventual associations of two levels,with character of great hall, part with double foot right, and upper and overhead galleries, for some items of the programme, in order to value enclosures and avoid the monotony of simple overlapping type floors;

(6) To build a generous square on the rooftop, a solarium that includes an open swimming pool;

(7) To concentrate all technical and mechanical infrastructure on an annex structure that acts as an isolated service tower. For this purpose,all infrastructure has been all condensed on an extension that has been built on a contiguous property that had been abandoned years before;

(8) To incorporate a set of furniture pieces that are integral part to the architectural design. This has resulted on a colourful design series of chairs,tables, sofas, desks, counters and modular stackable furniture elements that complete the building in a joyful and playful manner, strengthening its institutional identity.

In order to bring about such goals - which are at the core of the design's challenges and which orient its spatial character - a series of decisions on building techniques and infrastructural supply were adopted, namely:

(1) The selective demolition of specific parts of the structure of the original Mesbla building,maintaining its basic structural elements and central hall, originating on the vertical void around which the new design is structured;

(2) The construction of a new and autonomous building structure, supported by four main pillars that configure the central void, sustaining both a series of large interleaved halls, as well as the solarium and swimming pool volume that crown the building on the rooftop;

(3) The adaptation of the building's former garage to a Theatre by slightly lowering its level while, at the same time, carefully respecting the limits and structural foundations of its neighbouring building;

(4) The development of an elaborate mechanical emergency system for smoke exhaustion that services all building levels, as required by local fire regulations. Its complexity as allowed for a variety of spatial arrangements - such as double floors and a completely open circulation network - that would normally not be allowed in a building with such speci fic uses and design constrains.

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

地點(diǎn)/Location: 24 de Maio Street X Dom José de Barros Street, S?o Paulo, Brazil

客戶/Promoter: SESC - The Social Service of Commerce

建筑設(shè)計(jì)/Architects: Paulo Mendes da Rocha + MMBB Arquitetos

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Architecture Staff: Fernando Mello Franco, Marta Moreira, Milton Braga, Adriano Bergemann, Ana Carina Costa, Ana Carolina Mamede, Cecília Góes, Eduardo Ferroni,Giovanni Meirelles, Gleuson Pinheiro, Guilherme Pianca,Jacques Rordorf, Lucas Vieira, Márcia Terazaki, Maria Jo?o Figueiredo, Marina Acayaba, Marina Sabino, Martin Benavidez,Vito Macchione, Jo?o Yamamoto, Rafael Monteiro, Rodrigo Brancher, Thiago Rolemberg, Victor Olivera

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)/Structure: Kurkdjian e Fruchtengarten Engenheiros Associados

地基工程/Building Foundation: MAG Projesolos Engenheiros Associados

電氣和水力工程/Electrical and Hydraulic Engineers: PHE Projetos Hidráulicos e Elétricos

暖通工程/Air Conditioning: Thermoplan Engenharia Térmica

聲學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)/Acoustic: Nepomuceno Acústica e S?nica

景觀設(shè)計(jì)/Scenic Engineers: J.C. Serroni e Gustavo Lanfranchi

噪聲工程/Sound Engineers: Alexandre Sresnewsky

照明設(shè)計(jì)/Lighting: Rosane Haron (Espa?o Luz) e Altimar Cypriano

建筑物理/Environmental Comfort: Daltrini e Granado Arquitetura e Conforto Ambiental

信息技術(shù)/Information Technology: Marciano Engenharia

安防設(shè)計(jì)/Building Safety: SI2 - Solu??es Inteligentes

電梯/Elevators: EMPRO Engenharia de Produ??o

防水/Waterproo fing: PROASSP Acessória e Projetos

地板和排水/Floors and Drainage: LPE Engenharia e Consultoria

門窗/Window and Doors: AEC - Consultores

商貿(mào)服務(wù)參與工程師/SESC Engineering Staff: Amilcar Jo?o Gay Filho, Humberto Bigaton, Alberto Costa Souza Neto

承建/Constractor: Mendes Júnior Trading e Engenharia S/A建筑面積/Building Area: 27,865 m2

設(shè)計(jì)時間/Design Period: 2002-2008

施工時間/Construction Period: 2012-2017

攝影/Photos: Nelson Kon

4 外景/Exterior view

Q: 請問舊Mesbla總部大樓需要進(jìn)行哪些改造？

A: 主要的挑戰(zhàn)是如何將原有的商業(yè)建筑改造成一個新的公共場所。我們用坡道作為主要流線，這只有在改造項(xiàng)目中才是符合法規(guī)的。坡道作為城市人行道的延伸，從建筑首層中央的主中庭一直連接到頂層。原來的屋頂空間現(xiàn)在有了新的結(jié)構(gòu)與一個游泳池，定義了屋頂上的開放廣場。

Q: 你們對新大樓有怎樣的愿景？

A: 我們想要為建設(shè)一個更具包容性、平等性和趣味性的城市做出貢獻(xiàn)，希望建筑空間可以擁抱生活的多樣性和不確定性。項(xiàng)目植根于對“為市民服務(wù)的城市”的理解，期望以此為契機(jī)創(chuàng)造一個促進(jìn)合作、兼容并包的城市。

Q: 建筑中的哪些地方是需要支付入場費(fèi)或成為SESC會員才能進(jìn)入的？

A: 幾乎整棟大樓都是免費(fèi)向公眾開放的。由于大樓位于兩條街道的拐角處，你可以直接穿過它的首層，經(jīng)過建筑中的展覽。你也可以很方便地進(jìn)入坡道，參觀大樓內(nèi)的許多活動。只有兩個區(qū)域是只有會員能進(jìn)入的——位于頂層的牙科診所和游泳池。

Q: 圣保羅以缺乏公共空間而聞名，但五月二十四日街商貿(mào)服務(wù)綜合體恰恰相反，它提供了高品質(zhì)的公共生活空間。這可否說明這座巨型城市正在改變？

A: 我們認(rèn)為，像圣保羅這樣的城市的轉(zhuǎn)型和發(fā)展，是通過慢慢適應(yīng)它的社會習(xí)慣和生活方式的變化而實(shí)現(xiàn)的。在圣保羅還有很多像Mesbla總部大樓這樣的廢棄建筑，也可以用來為這座城市龐大的人口提供更多的公共設(shè)施和城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。

項(xiàng)目選擇性地拆除了原建筑的某些部分，保留了基本的建筑構(gòu)件，比如中央大廳利用4根柱子和一個坡道系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了改造。（母卓爾 譯）

5 開敞空間/Open space

Q: What changes did the original Mesbla building require?

A: One of the main challenges was to transform the pre-existing commercial building into a new public venue. Regarding legislation, the ramps that con figure the main circulation were only possible as it was a renovation. They extend the urban pavement and connect the main atrium in the centre of the building's ground level to the top floor. The pre-existing space now houses the new structure with a swimming pool that de fines the open square on the rooftop.

Q: What was your vision for the new building?

A: Our intention was to contribute to the construction of a more inclusive, egalitarian and interesting city with spaces that can embrace the diversity and unpredictability of life. The project is rooted in an understanding of cities for the citizenry and sets about creating a more collaborative,collective and inclusive city.

Q: Where do you have to pay entrance or be a SESC member to enter?

A: Almost the entire building has free public access.Since the building is on the corner of two streets,you can cross through it while passing exhibitions on the ground level. You may also easily access the ramps and visit the many activities which the building contains. The only two areas that can only be accessed by members are the dental clinics and the swimming pool located on the top floor.

Q: S?o Paulo is notorious for its lack of public space, but SESC 24 de Maio is exactly the opposite:high-quality space for public life. Is the megacity changing?

A: We believe that the process of transformation and development of cities such as S?o Paulo is made by slowly adapting to the changes in the habits and way of life of the societies that inhabit them. There are many other abandoned buildings like Mesbla in the city of S?o Paulo that could also be used to generate more public facilities and urban infrastructure for its enormous population.

The selective demolition of specific parts of the original building maintained its basic architectural elements like the central hall, which was recon figured with four pillars and a circulation system of ramps.

評委評語

曹嘉明：五月二十四日街商貿(mào)服務(wù)綜合體是一幢非常有意思的綜合功能建筑，建筑的挑戰(zhàn)還在于對舊建筑的改造并且創(chuàng)造出新的空間，例如將地下車庫改為劇場，又將新的結(jié)構(gòu)體系支撐起屋頂上的游泳池作為一個觀景點(diǎn)等等——使其更契合業(yè)主商貿(mào)服務(wù)組織的理念。這棟樓的開放，猶如形成了一個開放交流的小社會，以其開放性和連通性對周邊密集的城市環(huán)境做出了貢獻(xiàn)。

克里斯汀·菲萊斯：在粗獷的城市環(huán)境之中，位于圣保羅市中心的Mesbla原總部大樓被改造成了一個匯聚眾多文化和休閑功能的綠洲。建筑被一系列半開放的公共空間點(diǎn)綴，包括禮堂、室內(nèi)外游泳設(shè)施、食堂、教育空間、以及體育館，屋頂?shù)挠斡境赜绕涫撬牧咙c(diǎn)。底層開闊的開放式廣場、自由穿行的通道以及豐富的活動內(nèi)容使該項(xiàng)目成為社區(qū)內(nèi)的網(wǎng)紅點(diǎn)和人們相聚的空間。（錢芳 譯）

14 坡道內(nèi)景/Interior view of ramps

15 內(nèi)景/Interior views

16 內(nèi)景/Interior views

17 內(nèi)景/Interior views

18 坡道內(nèi)景/Interior view of ramps

Jury Statement

CAO Jiaming: SESC 24 de Maio is a very interesting mixed-use building, whose architectural challenge also lies in the transformation of the old building to create new spaces, such as converting the underground garage into a theatre, and the new structural system supporting the swimming pool on the roof as a viewpoint, etc. -aligning the design to the owner SESC's concept. The openness of the building, as if forming a small society of open communication, contributes to the dense urban context with its openness and connectivity.(Translated by PAN Yi)Kristin Feireiss: In the middle of the raw city, the former headquarter of the Mesbla department store in downtown S?o Paulo has been redefined and transformed into an oasis of cultural and leisure functions. The building features a number of semipublic spaces such as an auditorium, indoor and outdoor swimming facilities, canteen, educational spaces, gymnastics hall and as a spectacular highlight a swimming poll on the rooftop. With its large ground level open square, free passage and density of activities the project is a hotspot and meeting space for the neighbourhood.