晉旭生

By the age of 24， Richard Zelson already knew the ins and outs1 of running his own business. In 2013， the young entrepreneur launched MyStream， a mobile device app that allows users to listen to music simultaneously with the people around them.

We asked Zelson for his top tips for starting a business under the age of 25.

1. Choose the right jobs out of school.

While Zelson wanted an investment banking job， the one he landed instead—at a small real estate firm—helped set up his career for success， because it gave him a necessary foundation for an eventual journey into entrepreneurship.

“This turned out to be one of the best opportunities of my life，” Zelson said. “I was able to learn the ins and outs of running a small business， and that hands-on experience directly helped me turn my idea into a functioning product and ongoing business.”

2. Make sure everyones interests align.

As an economics major， Zelson said it was critical for him to create a team environment with an open communication structure where everyones interests were aligned.

“This way， everyone can work on their own tasks in a parallel path with the same end goal in mind—to support the success of the company，” he said.

3. Realize that being a part of something is better than being all of nothing.

Zelson said its important to be prepared to take an offer that is less than ideal in order to at least get the ball rolling2， because “the experience you can gain ... for any future ideas that you may have” is worthwhile. “There is a lot to learn about running a business that you cannot know until you try.”

4. Do your due diligence3 on the business idea.

Zelson believes it is critical for young entrepreneurs to know everything there is to know about their product and the industry before going to investors.

“You need to have thought of every possible question that may be asked， and have a good answer for each. This goes for both the business idea and the people involved.”

5. Surround yourself with people who are good at what they do.

It is necessary to assemble a team that has strengths in areas where you may struggle. Zelson said the success of a company hinges on the abilities and professionalism of the team as a whole.

“At the end of the day， you are only as good as the people you work with. If you create a weak team， then you will have a weak product， but if you have a great team， then your potential is unlimited.”

Beyond these fundamentals， here are some additional tips for young entrepreneurs.

6. Trust your instincts.

Possibly the most important—and hardest—component of great success for young entrepreneurs is a great idea. Keeping an eye out for and recognizing that brilliant innovation when it comes along is key. One of the most successful teen impresarios4， Nick DAloisio， created and sold an app to Yahoo that Yahoo just wanted to own， not use. Yahoo wanted Summly5 for its algorithm6， and DAloisio only had to tag along7 for 18 months—not bad for the then-17-year-old， who netted over $10 million.

One of the most famous young entrepreneurs is Mark Zuckerberg， but many people dont know that well before his time at Harvard， he invented a messaging system for his fathers dental office called Zucknet. His biography outlines his early programming work as a Harvard freshman. Even while engaged in academic work， he created two computer programs and then a third project that led up to Facebook （he dropped out of college after his sophomore year to work on the Facebook launch full time）.

Like Zuckerberg， many young entrepreneurs are motivated by more than money. They may be pursuing a vision to make the world a better place through their work or philanthropy. A report by Fidelity Charitable indicated that giving by households headed by entrepreneurs is more than four times that of non-entrepreneurs.

7. Put in the hard work.

On the other hand， some young people seem to succeed through hard work and perseverance more than inspiration. According to a story about kidpreneurs on Investopedia， “Cameron Johnson got his start at the age of 9， making invitations for his parents holiday party. Two years later， Johnson had made thousands of dollars selling cards through his company he called Cheers and Tears. At age 12， he paid $100 for his sisters 30 Beanie Babies and sold them on eBay for 10 times what he paid. He then purchased the dolls directly from the manufacturer and made a $50，000 profit in less than a year. He used that money to start an internet business that brought in $3，000 per month in advertising revenue. By the time he was 15， he had formed other businesses with total revenues of $300，000 to $400，000 per month.”

For entrepreneurs of any age， an important tip is to take risks， believe in yourself， be flexible， and go for broke. The founder of Mos Bows8 gives this advice： “Figure out what you like doing， then find out how you can make money doing it， then just let your passion drive your business.” Sounds like great advice， especially coming from then-9-year-old Moziah， a Memphis-based kidpreneur who has not only made a deal on Shark Tank9 but continues to sell his product on Shopify10 as well.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?■

24歲時(shí)，理查德·澤爾森就已經(jīng)對(duì)經(jīng)營(yíng)自己企業(yè)的訣竅了如指掌。2013年，這位年輕的創(chuàng)業(yè)者發(fā)布了一款移動(dòng)設(shè)備應(yīng)用程序MyStream，讓使用者可以和周圍的人共享音樂。

我們請(qǐng)教了澤爾森不到25歲就創(chuàng)辦企業(yè)的要訣。

1. 選擇合適的校外工作。

澤爾森本想找一份投資銀行的工作，卻只在一家小型房地產(chǎn)公司謀到一個(gè)職位。不過這份工作為他最終進(jìn)入企業(yè)界打下了必要的基礎(chǔ)，助他邁向事業(yè)成功。

“這是我人生中最好的機(jī)遇之一?！睗蔂柹f?！拔业靡詫W(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)營(yíng)一家小企業(yè)的方方面面。這種實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)直接幫我把自己的創(chuàng)意轉(zhuǎn)變成了有用的產(chǎn)品和不斷發(fā)展的業(yè)務(wù)。”

2. 確保所有人的利益一致。

澤爾森修讀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)，他認(rèn)為關(guān)鍵是要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建一個(gè)具有開放交流機(jī)制的團(tuán)隊(duì)環(huán)境，讓大家的利益保持一致。

“這樣的話，每個(gè)人都各負(fù)其責(zé)，各司其職，為心中共同的終極目標(biāo)——公司事業(yè)的成功而助力?！彼f。

3. 樹立“有總比沒有好”的意識(shí)。

澤爾森說，重要的是要準(zhǔn)備接受一份不夠理想的工作，至少開始做點(diǎn)什么，因?yàn)椤澳隳軓闹蝎@得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)……對(duì)任何將來可能會(huì)有的創(chuàng)意”都是有價(jià)值的?！瓣P(guān)于企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)有很多需要學(xué)的，不試著做就無法了解。”

4. 全方位了解商業(yè)創(chuàng)意。

澤爾森認(rèn)為年輕的創(chuàng)業(yè)者在面見投資者前，須盡可能充分地了解自己的產(chǎn)品和行業(yè)，這一點(diǎn)至關(guān)重要。

“每一個(gè)可能會(huì)被問及的問題你都要考慮到，并對(duì)每個(gè)問題都做好充分準(zhǔn)備。無論對(duì)商業(yè)創(chuàng)意還是工作團(tuán)隊(duì)，都要做好答問預(yù)案。”

5. 團(tuán)隊(duì)成員要精通各自業(yè)務(wù)。

有必要組建一支能彌補(bǔ)你自身短處的團(tuán)隊(duì)。澤爾森認(rèn)為，一個(gè)公司的成功與否取決于團(tuán)隊(duì)的整體能力和專業(yè)水平。

“說到底，團(tuán)隊(duì)實(shí)力決定了企業(yè)的潛力。如果你組建的團(tuán)隊(duì)弱，那你的產(chǎn)品競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力就弱;但如果你的團(tuán)隊(duì)強(qiáng)大，那你將擁有無限潛力?！?/p>

除了這幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)，這里還有一些建議送給年輕的創(chuàng)業(yè)者。

6. 相信自己的直覺。

對(duì)年輕的創(chuàng)業(yè)者而言，要取得巨大成功，最重要也最難的，或許就是有個(gè)好創(chuàng)意。時(shí)刻留意并及時(shí)識(shí)別絕妙的新想法是關(guān)鍵一步。尼克·達(dá)洛伊西奧是最成功的少年創(chuàng)業(yè)者之一，他開發(fā)出一款應(yīng)用程序并出售給雅虎。對(duì)于這款應(yīng)用，雅虎只是看中了所有權(quán)，并沒想投入使用。雅虎想要的是Summly背后的算法，而達(dá)洛伊西奧只需在雅虎工作一年半——這對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)17歲的達(dá)洛伊西奧來說也算不錯(cuò)，他凈賺了一千多萬美元。

馬克·扎克伯格是最知名的年輕企業(yè)家之一，但很多人不知道的是早在赴哈佛求學(xué)之前，他就為父親的牙科診所開發(fā)了一套消息傳送系統(tǒng)Zucknet。他的傳記中概述了他在哈佛讀一年級(jí)時(shí)做的早期編程工作。即便當(dāng)時(shí)忙于學(xué)業(yè)，他依然開發(fā)了兩款計(jì)算機(jī)程序，接著開發(fā)的第三個(gè)項(xiàng)目后來發(fā)展成了臉書（二年級(jí)后他從哈佛輟學(xué)，全力投入臉書的開發(fā)）。

同扎克伯格一樣，許多年輕創(chuàng)業(yè)者的創(chuàng)業(yè)動(dòng)機(jī)都不僅僅限于金錢。他們或許在追求一種理想，想要通過自己的工作或慈善事業(yè)讓世界變得更美好。富達(dá)慈善基金會(huì)的一份報(bào)告顯示，企業(yè)家家庭的捐贈(zèng)是非企業(yè)家家庭的四倍多。

7. 付出艱辛努力。

另一方面，有些年輕人則似乎更多是依靠勤奮和堅(jiān)守而非靈感獲得成功。投資百科網(wǎng)上一篇有關(guān)創(chuàng)業(yè)少年的報(bào)道寫道：“卡梅倫·約翰遜9歲開始創(chuàng)業(yè)，為父母的假日聚會(huì)制作請(qǐng)柬。兩年后，約翰遜通過自己的公司出售賀卡賺得了數(shù)千美元，公司名為Cheers and Tears（歡呼與淚水）。12歲時(shí)，他花100美元買下妹妹的30個(gè)豆豆娃，然后在易貝上以買入價(jià)的10倍賣出。隨后，他直接從制造商那里購得玩偶娃娃，在不到一年的時(shí)間里獲得5萬美元利潤(rùn)。他用這筆收入創(chuàng)立了一家互聯(lián)網(wǎng)企業(yè)，每月帶來的廣告收入達(dá)3000美元。到15歲時(shí)，他已另外成立了多家公司，這些公司的月收入總計(jì)三四十萬美元。”

對(duì)任何年齡的企業(yè)家而言，重要的是要勇于冒險(xiǎn)、相信自己、靈活變通、全力以赴。莫氏領(lǐng)結(jié)的創(chuàng)始人給出的建議是：“搞清楚你喜歡做什么，然后弄明白怎樣通過做自己喜歡的事來賺錢，然后就讓你的熱情來驅(qū)動(dòng)你的事業(yè)吧。”這個(gè)建議聽起來很不錯(cuò)，尤其這建議來自當(dāng)時(shí)只有9歲的少年創(chuàng)業(yè)者莫西亞，他的公司設(shè)在孟菲斯。莫西亞不僅在真人秀節(jié)目《創(chuàng)智贏家》上達(dá)成了一筆交易，而且還將繼續(xù)在電商平臺(tái)Shopify上售賣自己的產(chǎn)品。? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?□

（譯者為“《英語世界》杯”翻譯大賽獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)撸?/p>

1 ins and outs底細(xì);來龍去脈。

2 get the ball rolling啟動(dòng);著手干。? 3 due diligence（為保證自身、他人或財(cái)產(chǎn)安全而采取的）審慎行為;（與某公司有業(yè)務(wù)往來之前對(duì)其本身以及其財(cái)務(wù)狀況進(jìn)行的）必要核計(jì)，必要了解。

4 impresario〈意〉（歌劇團(tuán)、樂團(tuán)等的）演出主辦人;經(jīng)理。? 5一款新聞閱讀應(yīng)用軟件。? ? 6 algorithm算法。? ?7 tag along〈非正式〉跟隨。

8由時(shí)尚界天才少年莫西亞·布里奇斯（Moziah Bridges）創(chuàng)立的領(lǐng)結(jié)品牌。? 9美國(guó)ABC電視臺(tái)的一個(gè)發(fā)明真人秀節(jié)目，節(jié)目上發(fā)明創(chuàng)業(yè)者展示其發(fā)明，說服嘉賓，獲取投資贊助。? 10一站式電商服務(wù)平臺(tái)，為電商賣家提供搭建網(wǎng)店的技術(shù)和模板，管理全渠道的營(yíng)銷、售賣、支付、物流等服務(wù)。