吳華麗
【摘要】 目的:探討抗壓凝膠體位墊對(duì)頸椎后路術(shù)患者頭面部壓瘡發(fā)生率的影響。方法:選取2018年1月-2019年10月于本院行頸椎后路術(shù)治療的患者80例為研究對(duì)象,按隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將其分為對(duì)照組與試驗(yàn)組,各40例。對(duì)照組術(shù)中給予頭架固定器自帶海綿墊,試驗(yàn)組術(shù)中給予抗壓凝膠體位墊。比較兩組頭面部壓瘡發(fā)生情況、血流動(dòng)力學(xué)、紅腫最大直徑及術(shù)后不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果:兩組頭面部壓瘡嚴(yán)重程度均為Ⅰ、Ⅱ期。試驗(yàn)組恢復(fù)體位時(shí)與術(shù)后24 h頭面部壓瘡發(fā)生率均低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);術(shù)后,試驗(yàn)組收縮壓(SBP)、舒張壓(DBP)與中心靜脈壓(CVP)均高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。試驗(yàn)組紅腫最大直徑小于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。試驗(yàn)組術(shù)后不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:頸椎后路術(shù)術(shù)中采用抗壓凝膠體位墊有助于降低患者術(shù)后頭面部壓瘡發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn),可穩(wěn)定患者血流動(dòng)力學(xué),減少術(shù)后不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生,值得在臨床中推廣應(yīng)用。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 抗壓凝膠體位墊 頸椎后路術(shù) 頭面部壓瘡
[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the effect of compression gel position pad on the incidence of head and face pressure sores in patients with cervical posterior approach surgery. Method: A total of 80 patients underwent cervical posterior approach surgery in our hospital from January 2018 to October 2019 were selected as study subjects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group and the experimental group, 40 patients in each group. The control group was given the sponge pad of head holder fixer, and the experimental group was given the compression gel position pad. The occurrence of head and face pressure sores, hemodynamics, maximum diameter of redness and swelling and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Result: The severity of head and face pressure sores in the two groups were stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ. The incidence of head and face pressure sores at restoration of body position and 24 h after surgery of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). After surgery, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and central venous blood pressure (CVP) in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The maximum diameter of redness and swelling in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The compression gel position pad is helpful to reduce the risk of the head and face pressure sores in patients undergoing cervical posterior approach surgery, it can stabilize the patients hemodynamics and reduce the occurrence of postoperative adverse reactions, which is worthy of promotion and application in clinical practice.
[Key words] Compression gel position pad Cervical posterior approach surgery Head and face pressure sore
First-authors address: Shaoguan First Peoples Hospital, Shaoguan 512000, China
在本研究中,試驗(yàn)組行頸椎后路術(shù)患者治療者術(shù)中給予抗壓凝膠體位墊后頭面部壓瘡發(fā)生率明顯低于使用頭架固定器自帶常規(guī)海綿墊者,且壓瘡嚴(yán)重程度均控制在Ⅰ、Ⅱ期范圍內(nèi);局部紅腫、眼瞼水腫、擦傷、水皰等不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率降低,這與婁秋平[19]研究結(jié)果基本一致。且試驗(yàn)組壓瘡紅腫最大直徑縮小,表明應(yīng)用抗壓凝膠體位墊有助于分散頭面部局部壓力,促使面部支撐點(diǎn)的組織血液循環(huán),縮小壓瘡組織面積。同時(shí)在蔡瓊珠等[20]研究中提出,高分子凝膠體位墊的應(yīng)用在緩解頭面部支撐部位壓迫的同時(shí)可降低對(duì)其呼吸、循環(huán)與神經(jīng)功能影響,避免局部組織受力過(guò)大,可有效避免大血管壓迫,提高回心血量,以確?;颊逽BP、DBP與CVP等血流動(dòng)力學(xué)指標(biāo)水平穩(wěn)定性,改善缺血缺氧狀態(tài),降低壓瘡發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn),同本研究結(jié)果一致。
綜上所述,針對(duì)臨床中行頸椎后路術(shù)患者采用抗壓凝膠體位墊,有助于降低術(shù)后頭面部壓瘡發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn),穩(wěn)定患者血流動(dòng)力學(xué),減少術(shù)后不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生,值得在臨床中推廣應(yīng)用。
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(收稿日期:2019-12-12) (本文編輯:田婧)
中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)創(chuàng)新2020年20期