潘淵英

一、同位語從句的概念

同位語的作用是對前面的名詞做進一步解釋，說明該名詞的具體內容。在復合句中充當同位語的名詞性從句稱為同位語從句。

二、可以引導同位語從句的抽象名詞

（一）可以引導同位語從句的抽象名詞通常有news， idea， fact， promise， question， doubt， thought， hope， message， suggestion， words（消息）， possibility等。

I just got word that he is not coming this evening. 我剛剛得到消息他今天晚上不來了。

We haven't settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 我們還沒決定去哪里過暑假。

There is no doubt that he is guilty. 毫無疑問他有罪。

There is great doubt whether he did it or not. 他有沒有做這件事情還是有很大的疑問的。

（二）demand， order， suggestion， command等表示“建議，命令，要求”的抽象名詞引導的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣，即“should+do”的結構，should 可以省略。

There was a suggestion that Jack （should） leave at once. 有一項建議是杰克應該立刻離開。

三、同位語從句的關聯(lián)詞

引導同位語從句的詞有連詞that / whether、連接代詞what / who / whom / whose / which、連接副詞how / why / when / where等。

（一）從屬連詞

從屬連詞一般引導的同位語從句是一個完整的句子，起到連接主句和從句的作用。

1. 連詞that

that在同位語從句中不充當成分，只起連接作用，同位語中的that不可省略。

The idea that I will forgive you is quite wrong. 我會原諒你的這個想法是完全錯誤的。

There is no doubt that the prices of cars will go down. 毫無疑問汽車價格會下降的。

2. 連詞whether

在表示“是否”的時候，同位語從句只能用whether，不能用if。

The problem whether he is right hasn't been proved. 他是不是對的這個問題還未被證實。

He must answer the question whether he agrees to do it. 他必須回答他是否同意這么做。

（二）連接代詞

連接代詞what（什么）， who（誰）， whom（誰，作賓語）， whose（誰的）， which（哪一個）在同位語從句中充當一定的成分，有意義，不可省略。

I have no idea what he likes. 我不知道他喜歡什么。

The question who should go abroad hasn't been decided yet. 誰會出國這個問題還未決定。

I have no idea which book I should buy. 我不知道買哪一本書。

（三）連接副詞

連接副詞when（表時間）， where（表地點）， how（表方式）， why（表原因）一般在從句中充當狀語。

I've got a good idea why they left early. 我了解他們?yōu)槭裁措x開得那么早。

The question where we should go has not been decided. 我們還沒決定好去哪兒。

My question how I can find him has not been answered. 我怎樣才能找到他這個問題還沒有被回答。

四、同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別

（一）意義的不同

同位語從句是用來解釋說明前面名詞的具體內容，它與前面的抽象名詞通?？梢詣澋忍?而定語從句是對前面名詞予以修飾和限定。

The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （從句說明“消息”的內容：我們隊取得了決賽勝利。）

The news that you told us is really encouraging. （從句對“消息”加以限定：是你告訴我們的，而非來自其他渠道，但消息是何內容卻不得而知。）

（二）被修飾詞的區(qū)別

同位語從句前面的名詞通常是抽象名詞，而且僅限于idea， plan， fact， theory， promise， hope， news， doubt， truth， information， suggestion， question， thought， belief， conclusion等少數(shù)名詞，而定語從句的先行詞則廣泛得多，可以是名詞、代詞、主句的一部分或是整個主句。

The boy who is playing football is my classmate. （劃線部分是定語從句，其先行詞是名詞 the boy，它不能引導同位語從句。）

Our team has won the game， which made us very happy. （劃線部分是定語從句，which指代“我們隊伍贏了比賽”這件事情，整個主句做先行詞，而同位語則沒有這個功能。）

The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. （劃線部分解釋說明fact的內容，是同位語從句。）

（三）引導詞that的不同

引導定語從句的that叫做關系代詞，它除了起連接作用，還在定語從句中充當主語或賓語，在意義上等于先行詞，作賓語時可以省略;引導同位語從句的that是從屬連詞，只起連接作用，不能省略。

The news （that） you told me yesterday was exciting. （劃線部分是定語從句，that代替先行詞news，在從句中作賓語，可以省略。）

We heard the news that our team had won. （劃線部分是同位語從句，that無意義，只起連接作用，不能省略。）

【實戰(zhàn)演練】

1. The fact ______ she works hard is well known to us all.

A. that B. what C. why D. which

2. The fact ______ he was successful proves his ability.

A. that B. what C. which D. why

3. The news ______ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.

A. what B. that C. why D. when

4. His suggestion ______ the meeting be delayed was turned down.

A. which B. that? C. /? ? D. it

5. I have no idea ______ he will start.

A. when B. that C. what D. /

6. I've come from the government with a message ______ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.

A. if? ? B. that? C. whether D. which

7. The thought ______ he might fail in the exam worried him.

A. when B. which C. what D. that

8. The order ______ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.

A. which? ? B. whether C. that? ? ? D. what

9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ______ he would die of the disease.

A. that B. as? ? C. of which D. which

10. He often asked me the question ______ the work was worth doing.

A. whether? ? B. where? ? C. that? ? D. when

11. Information has been put forward ______ more high school graduates will be admitted into universities.

A. while B. that C. when D. as

12. It is said that more high school graduates will be admitted into universities; this is the information ______ has been put forward.

A. what B. that? C. when D. as

13. She heard a terrible noise， ______ brought her heart into her mouth.

A. it? ? B. which C. this? D. that

14. I can't believe the news ______ he was arrested.

A. it? ? B. which C. this? D. that

15. The fact ______ he failed in the exam is not the one ______ he told me.

A. which; that? ? B. that; / C. which; which? D. /; that