秋千影
在政治詞匯中,“調(diào)研”與“考察”時有區(qū)別,偶或同義。說其有別,是因為前者系“調(diào)查研究”之略語,后者卻指“深刻觀察”,乃至“評價”。與此同時,兩者均可表示“實地觀察,了解情況”。因此,英譯時,應(yīng)在吃透漢語本義的基礎(chǔ)上,選擇不同的英文表述,以實現(xiàn)信達之終極目的。
原文:在湖北調(diào)研全面深化改革問題和經(jīng)濟運行情況
譯文:during his inspection of reform and economic development in Hubei Province
點評:譯者法眼,此處“調(diào)研”實有“巡察”之意。
原文: 有的下基層調(diào)研走馬觀花,下去就是為了出鏡頭、露露臉,坐在車上轉(zhuǎn),隔著玻璃看……
譯文:For some officials, a “grassroots survey” is no more than a comfortable ride in a car, a hurried glance through the window, an affable wave to the cameras…
點評:有些領(lǐng)導的調(diào)研,旨在巡視,故用survey。
原文:每次去調(diào)研,都要進農(nóng)戶、到田頭、聽民聲。
譯文:During each visit, Xi Jinping chatted with villagers at their homes and in the fields.
點評:領(lǐng)導到基層訪問,媒體經(jīng)常用“調(diào)研”來描述,這大概是媒體語言與民間語言的區(qū)別所在。而在英語譯文中,直接使用visit,言簡意賅。
原文:履新一個月,他圍繞民生、發(fā)展、上海世博會、反腐等工作,馬不停蹄地開展調(diào)研。
譯文:In the first month after his appointment Xi Jinping began research projects into standards of living, development, the Shanghai World Expo, and the fight against corruption.
點評:此處,返璞歸真,涉及“調(diào)研”的基礎(chǔ)語義,英文自然接踵而至,用research projects忠實表述。
原文:在河南考察時
譯文:during an inspection tour of Henan Province
點評:這里的“考察”與媒體語言中的“調(diào)研”幾乎同義,此種用法甚多。
原文:各級組織部門要把能不能依法辦事、遵守法律作為考察識別干部的重要條件。
譯文:Organization departments of the Party at all levels should make the performance of officials in accordance with the law an important criterion for their assessment.
點評:此例中的“考察”大異于上例,但等同于下例。譯者憑借慧眼,翻譯時,選擇了正確用詞assessment。
原文:要堅持從政治上考察和使用干部……
譯文:We will apply political convictions as a measure when reviewing and appointing officers…
點評:義同上例,但譯者選用動詞形式的reviewing。另外,因此句論及軍隊干部問題,英文改用officers,以別于各級地方政府中的文職官員officials。
原文:必須健全考察機制和辦法,多渠道、多層次、多側(cè)面深入了解。
譯文:We must have a good system and methods to evaluate officials, with reflections through various channels, at various levels and from various perspectives.
點評:此處的“考察”類似于“考評”,使用evaluate,自然貼切。
原文:考察識別干部,功夫要下在平時,并注意重大關(guān)頭、關(guān)鍵時刻。
譯文:The evaluation and observation of officials are done in day-to-day work, but the best time is at major events and critical moments.
點評:與上例異曲同工,只不過根據(jù)行文需要,使用了名詞形式。
行文至此,細心且善于思考的讀者可能想到了其他類似詞語,比如視察、巡視等。這些詞的英文又是什么呢?