重點(diǎn)單詞
1. begin ?v. ?(began) 開(kāi)始
Ill begin whenever youre ready.
你什么時(shí)候準(zhǔn)備好我就開(kāi)始。
常用結(jié)構(gòu):begin to do sth/begin doing sth開(kāi)始做某事
一般來(lái)說(shuō),begin to do和begin doing可以互換。
2. heavily ?adv. ?在很大程度上;大量地
My father smokes heavily.
我父親煙癮很重。
注意:形容雨、雪下得大用heavily或hard。
It rained heavily, so he didnt go to work yesterday.
雨下得很大,因此他昨天沒(méi)去上班。
heavy ?adj. ?重的
Peter is heavier than his sister.
彼得比他的妹妹重。
3. light ?n. ?光;光線(xiàn);光亮
Bring it into the light so I can see it.
把它拿到亮的地方,好讓我看見(jiàn)。
注意:light意為“光;光線(xiàn);光亮”時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞。
(1)作可數(shù)名詞時(shí)意為“電燈”。
Turn off the lights when you leave the classroom.
離開(kāi)教室時(shí)關(guān)掉燈。
(2)作形容詞時(shí)意為“輕的;淺色的”。
Is the box heavy or light?
盒子重不重?
I like the light green dress.
我喜歡那條淺綠色的裙子。
(3)作動(dòng)詞時(shí)意為“點(diǎn)燃;照亮”。
He sat down and lit a cigarette.
他坐下來(lái)點(diǎn)了一根煙。
4. report ?v. & n. ?報(bào)道;公布
Call me if you have something to report.
如果你有什么事要向我報(bào)告就給我打電話(huà)。
make a report 做報(bào)告 weather report 天氣預(yù)報(bào)
Its reported that... 據(jù)報(bào)道……
Its reported that it will rain heavily tonight.
據(jù)報(bào)道,今夜有大雨。
5. beat ?v. ?敲打;打敗
Someone is beating the door.
有人在敲門(mén)。
We beat them by 3:2.
我們以3比2打敗了他們。
辨析:beat和win
beat 后常接競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。
We beat them by the score of 2 to 1.
我們以2:1贏(yíng)了他們。
win指贏(yíng)得比賽、游戲獎(jiǎng)杯、獎(jiǎng)牌等。
Which team won the football match?
哪個(gè)隊(duì)贏(yíng)了那場(chǎng)足球賽?
6. against ?prep. ?倚;碰;撞
The teachers desk is against the wall.
老師的辦公桌靠墻放著。
He stood against the tree.
他靠樹(shù)站著。
against表示“反對(duì)”,其反義詞為 for。
Are you for or against the plan?
你對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃是贊成還是反對(duì)呢?
7. rise ?v. & n. ?升起;增加;提高
Im going to ask for a rise.
我將申請(qǐng)加薪。
辨析:rise和raise
rise 升起;上升。指主語(yǔ)自身移向較高位置。
Price rose gradually.
價(jià)格慢慢上漲了。
raise 舉起;提高。指主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作作用于其他事物。
Lets raise our glasses to Tom.
讓我們?yōu)闇放e起酒杯。
8. silence ?n. ?沉默;緘默;無(wú)聲
Theres nothing but silence in the room.
屋內(nèi)寂靜無(wú)聲。
silent ?adj. ?沉默的;寂靜的
The old house was silent.
這座老房子寂靜無(wú)聲。
重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
1. go off (鬧鐘) 發(fā)出響聲
The alarm went off just now.
剛才鬧鐘響了。
go over 復(fù)習(xí) go away 離開(kāi)
go by (時(shí)間) 過(guò)去
2. fall asleep 進(jìn)入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng);睡著
辨析:fall asleep, go to sleep和go to bed
(1)fall asleep表示“入睡;睡著”,指進(jìn)入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng),往往含有“不知不覺(jué)就睡著了”的意思。
He was just falling asleep when there was a loud knock at the door.
他剛要入睡時(shí),傳來(lái)了一陣響亮的敲門(mén)聲。
(2)go to sleep強(qiáng)調(diào)“入睡;進(jìn)入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)”這個(gè)動(dòng)作。
I just want to close my eyes and go to sleep as quickly as possible.
我只是想閉上眼睛,盡快地睡上一覺(jué)。
(3)go to bed意為“就寢;上床睡覺(jué)”,指“上床去睡”這個(gè)動(dòng)作,與get up相對(duì)應(yīng)。
The students in our school usually get up at six in the morning and go to bed at half past nine in the evening.
我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生通常早晨六點(diǎn)起床,晚上九點(diǎn)半睡覺(jué)。
3. die down 逐漸變?nèi)?逐漸消失
After a while, the wind began to die down.
過(guò)了一會(huì)兒,風(fēng)開(kāi)始減弱。
辨析:die down和die out
指火的熄滅時(shí),用die down或die out皆可。
die down往往指火勢(shì)由強(qiáng)到弱慢慢熄滅,植物慢慢死亡這一過(guò)程。
die out則指熄滅這一事實(shí),而且不及die down用得普遍。
die down指風(fēng)、聲音、憤怒、掌聲、戰(zhàn)斗等平息下來(lái)。
die out指家庭、種族、物種、組織、信仰等的消失或消亡。
4. make ones way to... 前往;費(fèi)力地前進(jìn)
Ill make my way to the school now.
現(xiàn)在我要去學(xué)校。
活學(xué)活用
1. Ben didnt fall asleep until the wind ______ (die
down) at around 3:00 am.
2. I was too tired and still sleeping when my alarm _____
(go off).
3. The river ______ two inches this morning.
A. rose B. raised C. turned D. grew
4. 寫(xiě)出下列單詞的過(guò)去式。
beat ______ rise ______
fall ______ begin ______
5. 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。
heavy ______ (adv.) sudden ______ (adv.)
recent ______ (adv.) complete ______ (adv.)
sleep ______ (adj.) ice ______ (adj.)
silent ______ (n.) true ______ (n.)
report ______ (n.) strange ______ (n.)
基本語(yǔ)法
一、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)
1. 定義:表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或過(guò)去某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
2. 用法:
(1)過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
He was doing his homework at nine yesterday morning.
昨天早上九點(diǎn),他正在做作業(yè)。
(2)過(guò)去某段時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
I was staying here from March to May last year.
去年從3月到5月,我一直待在這里。
(3)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),常見(jiàn)的有 at nine last night/at that time/at this time yesterday或有when the teacher came in/while he was reading等提示。
(4)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成:was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞
(5)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的四個(gè)基本句型
①肯定句:主語(yǔ)+was/were+doing sth+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).
He was cooking at six last night.
②否定句:主語(yǔ)+was/were+not+doing sth+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).
He was not cooking at six last night.
③一般疑問(wèn)句:Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+doing sth+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)?
肯定和否定回答:Yes,主語(yǔ)+was/were./No,主語(yǔ)+ wasnt/werent.
—Was he cooking at six last night?
—Yes, he was. /No, he wasnt.
④特殊疑問(wèn)句:What...+was/were+主語(yǔ)+doing+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)?
What was he doing at six last night?
二、when與while的用法與區(qū)別
1. when與while都有“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”的意思。
(1)when既可表示某一時(shí)間點(diǎn),也可表示某一段時(shí)間。在when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的,也可以是非延續(xù)性的,可與主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生,也可在其后發(fā)生。
I was just reading a book when she came into my room.
她走進(jìn)我房間時(shí),我正在看書(shū)。
(2)while只能表示某一段時(shí)間。在while 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性的,而且也只能與主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或存在。
You cant do your homework while youre watching TV.
你不能一邊看電視,一邊做家庭作業(yè)。
2. when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句多用一般時(shí)態(tài),而while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句多用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening.
昨天晚上媽媽回家的時(shí)候,我正在做家庭作業(yè)。
While they were talking, the bell rang.
他們正在談話(huà)的時(shí)候,上課鈴響了。