王松梅
(此課選自人教版《英語(yǔ)》七年級(jí)下冊(cè)Unit 8 When is your birthday 。)
美國(guó)著名作家和教育家L-Ron Hubbar先生的教育學(xué)理論認(rèn)為:影響理解和應(yīng)用的最重要因素是詞匯。在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中掌握詞匯數(shù)量的多少和運(yùn)用詞匯的熟練程度對(duì)語(yǔ)言交際能力、閱讀能力和寫(xiě)作能力的培養(yǎng)有著直接的影響。那么如何在課堂上幫助學(xué)生更有效地記憶單詞呢?
一、理論依據(jù)
Our memory is known as short term memory and long term memory, which is our capacity for recall of information minutes, weeks and years after the original input. Information stored in the memory falls into disuse unless it is activated fairly regularly. In other words, we need to practice and revise what we learn otherwise the new input will gradually fade in the memory and ultimately disappear. This is called the decay theory.If memory traces do gradually fade in the memory without regular practice then it is clearly necessary that we create opportunities in the classroom for students to practise what they have learned.
Recent trend in methodology have stressed the need for meaningful activities in the classroom. More meaningful tasks require learners to analyse and process language more deeply, which helps the students to commit information to long term memory. A students “personal investment” has a very positive effect on memorisation.
二、案例選材
本課話題為談?wù)撊掌?,表述自己或家人、朋友的生日以及近期活?dòng)安排。
三、案例分析
【Section A活動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)】
新授詞匯:12個(gè)月
(一)每日一報(bào)告
報(bào)告人借助日歷提示單人匯報(bào),其他學(xué)生在聽(tīng)后以相互問(wèn)答的方式進(jìn)行反饋。一方面訓(xùn)練學(xué)生通過(guò)聽(tīng)來(lái)捕捉和記錄信息的能力,通過(guò)匯報(bào)和問(wèn)答的方式訓(xùn)練說(shuō)和輸出信息的能力;另一方面可以激活學(xué)生已有詞匯,預(yù)熱主題情境,以便自然進(jìn)入話題,為學(xué)習(xí)新單詞和討論新話題打下伏筆。此環(huán)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)是教師半控制下的活動(dòng),報(bào)告人事先有所準(zhǔn)備(語(yǔ)言材料和問(wèn)題設(shè)置),目的是使所呈現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)言材料更豐富和準(zhǔn)確,所提出的問(wèn)題更合理。
1.One student do a daily report in the front and others listen to him or her carefully, then the reporter or the students can ask one or more questions about the report one by one.
2.After that, the teacher can ask the last question “Which month is it now?” At the same time, show the big calendar including twelve months in class to learn twelve months.
Activity I Do a daily report
Ask and answer about the daily report as much as possible.
Eg.1.What day is it today?
2.Whats the date today?
3.Which month is it now?
4.Do you like this month?Why or why not?
5.Hows the weather today?
6.Who is not here today?
7.How many classes do we have today?
8.Are there any activities today?
(二)以“話題”為依托,螺旋上升,層層遞進(jìn)
Activity II Talk about birthday
1.When is your birthday? (Work in pairs)
The teacher make a conversation with a student as an example, then work in pairs .
T:When is your birthday?
S:My birthday is in July.
2.When is her/his birthday?(work in groups with 4 students )
S1:When is your birthday?
S2:My birthday is in June.
S3:When is her/his birthday?
S4:Her/His birthday is in June.
3.Is her /his birthday in August?(work in groups with 6 students )
S1:When is your birthday?
S2:My birthday is in August?
S3:When is her/his birthday?
S4:Her/His birthday is in August?
S5:Is her/ his birthday in August?
S6:Yes, it is./ No, it isnt. Its in September.
學(xué)習(xí)單詞是一個(gè)過(guò)程。在教師的引導(dǎo)下,首先,通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)話感知12個(gè)月的音和意,同時(shí)教師糾正發(fā)音;然后4人小組會(huì)話,由討論自己的生日延伸到討論他人的生日,重復(fù)新詞;最后,6人小組會(huì)話,用不同的句式談?wù)撃恪⑽?、他的生日,學(xué)生自主地運(yùn)用新詞,新舊詞匯交替出現(xiàn),循環(huán)往復(fù),但絕不是同一個(gè)詞的機(jī)械重復(fù),而是在使用不同的句式談?wù)摬煌娜恕.?dāng)學(xué)生能辨認(rèn)和理解一個(gè)詞,這個(gè)詞就成為被動(dòng)詞匯(passive vocabulary),當(dāng)學(xué)生能在聽(tīng)和說(shuō)中使用它,這個(gè)詞就從被動(dòng)詞匯變成了主動(dòng)詞匯(active vocabulary),詞匯教學(xué)的目的就是讓最普通的詞成為學(xué)生的主動(dòng)詞匯。在這個(gè)循環(huán)往復(fù)中,12個(gè)月份應(yīng)該成為學(xué)生的積極詞匯。
Activity III A guessing game about months.
S1:Which month comes before February?
S2:January. J-A-N-U-A-R-Y . Which is the hottest month of a year?
S3:Do you like swimming? You can swim in this month and its not cold...
男女生PK參與活動(dòng),兩人背對(duì)白板(展示某個(gè)月份),下面的同伴描述這個(gè)月份,肢體和語(yǔ)言可以并用,還必須適當(dāng)?shù)赜糜⒄Z(yǔ)交流互動(dòng),讓臺(tái)上伙伴猜出這個(gè)月份并拼寫(xiě)該單詞。這個(gè)游戲的設(shè)計(jì)符合學(xué)生的年齡特點(diǎn),更重要的是抓住了學(xué)生的興趣點(diǎn),教師大膽放手,學(xué)生對(duì)12個(gè)月的記憶痕跡得到了強(qiáng)化。
此環(huán)節(jié)是開(kāi)放性的活動(dòng)生成部分。在了解一個(gè)詞的基本音形意后,在語(yǔ)境中循環(huán)使用它,擴(kuò)展相關(guān)知識(shí),可以強(qiáng)化對(duì)這個(gè)詞的理解和記憶。
【Section B活動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)】
新授詞匯: English test, school trip,party, basketball? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?game, soccer game, School Day, English Day.
(三)借圖說(shuō)話,傳情達(dá)意
Activity I Get to know some events
1.Discuss these pictures
T:What can you see in the picture? What are they doing?
S:......
(showing some pictures one by one and talking about them as much as possible.)
2.Match the pictures with the events
(1)English test? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (6)Book sale
(2)School trip? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?(7)English Day
(3)Party? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (8)Art festival
(4)Basketball game? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (9)Sports Day
改變思維模式,設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)放性活動(dòng),換種思維方式處理信息,學(xué)生對(duì)詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)已經(jīng)完全脫離書(shū)本,主動(dòng)選擇,精心判斷,再次通過(guò)“用語(yǔ)言做事情”鞏固記憶所學(xué)詞匯。
Activity V Be the owner of my school
Finish the following form, then write a notice.
Dear students, We have many interesting and fun activities for you to do this term ......
通過(guò)“寫(xiě)”的活動(dòng)應(yīng)用所學(xué)詞匯。學(xué)生假設(shè)自己是某學(xué)校校長(zhǎng),為該校學(xué)生安排本學(xué)期的活動(dòng)。學(xué)生四人一組討論方案,在組內(nèi)完成以上信息表,作為寫(xiě)作提綱,然后以本課通知語(yǔ)篇為模板,寫(xiě)一份學(xué)校通知。最后請(qǐng)一名學(xué)生朗讀,向全班發(fā)布。本活動(dòng)目的是創(chuàng)造性地使用活動(dòng)名稱(chēng)及日期的表達(dá)法,促進(jìn)語(yǔ)言的形成,同時(shí)提高學(xué)生的主人翁意識(shí),培養(yǎng)合作精神。通過(guò)創(chuàng)造性的活動(dòng)鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生用自己的想法做事情,這個(gè)活動(dòng)具有很強(qiáng)的交際性,需要團(tuán)隊(duì)合作完成,真正體現(xiàn)“用語(yǔ)言做事情”的教學(xué)真諦!
通過(guò)以上詞匯教學(xué)中的方法分析,希望能和大家一起交流英語(yǔ)詞匯教學(xué)的困惑與感悟,改變當(dāng)下學(xué)生低效率的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)狀,更希望能引起大家的思考,如何使我們的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)在科學(xué)的方法引導(dǎo)下取得事半功倍的效果,真正落實(shí)新課標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方式的變革。初中英語(yǔ)詞匯教學(xué)是一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期而又復(fù)雜的過(guò)程,需要英語(yǔ)教師在今后的教學(xué)中,根據(jù)教學(xué)對(duì)象的實(shí)際情況,取多家之長(zhǎng),靈活采用教學(xué)策略,不斷提高詞匯教學(xué)效率,促進(jìn)學(xué)生更好地學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。
編輯/李夢(mèng)迪