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        工程合同譯評(píng)(17)FIDIC文本中“人身傷害和財(cái)產(chǎn)損害保險(xiǎn)”條款

        2020-02-17 12:57:42/
        建筑 2020年9期
        關(guān)鍵詞:履行合同括號(hào)介詞

        文 / 李 健

        前面我們討論了FIDIC1999 建造合同文本Conditions of Contract for Construction“18.2 工程和承包商設(shè)備保險(xiǎn)”18.2 Insurance for Works and Contractor’s Equipment 翻譯中的語(yǔ)言及法律問(wèn)題。接下來(lái),我們討論18.3 Insurance against Injury to Persons and Damage to Property,即:18.3 人身傷害和財(cái)產(chǎn)損害保險(xiǎn)。

        原文1:The insuring Party shall insure against each Party’s liability for any loss, damage, death or bodily injury which may occur to any physical property (except things insured Sub-Clause 18.2 [Insurance for Works and Contractor’s Equipment]) or to any person (except persons insured under Sub-Clause 18.4[Insurance for Contractor’s Personnel]), which may arise out of the Contractor’s performance of the Contract and occurring before the issue of the Performance Certificate.

        試譯:除18.2 款【工程和承包商設(shè)備保險(xiǎn)】下已保險(xiǎn)的物件以及18.4 款【承包商員工保險(xiǎn)】下的人員之外,投保人應(yīng)當(dāng)為每一方辦理責(zé)任險(xiǎn),以彌補(bǔ)可能出現(xiàn)的任何有形財(cái)產(chǎn)或任何人員損失、損害、死亡或身體傷害,只要此類(lèi)損失、損害、死亡或身體傷害可能由承包商履行合同而引起且發(fā)生在履約證書(shū)簽發(fā)之前。

        點(diǎn)評(píng):1.這里要求投保人為各方當(dāng)事人(特別提示是建造合同當(dāng)事人)辦理第三方責(zé)任險(xiǎn),即當(dāng)任何一方當(dāng)事人需要對(duì)第三方因施工所受損失、損害、死亡或身體傷害承擔(dān)責(zé)任時(shí),投保人應(yīng)當(dāng)就此等責(zé)任辦理保險(xiǎn)。

        2.這段英文譯成順達(dá)的中文非常不易。此處引兩個(gè)不同文獻(xiàn)對(duì)這段英文的翻譯,以便讀者對(duì)照本文的試譯,感覺(jué)翻譯之難。其一,“保險(xiǎn)當(dāng)事人應(yīng)對(duì)各方當(dāng)事人負(fù)責(zé)的任何損失、損害、死亡或身體傷害保險(xiǎn),此類(lèi)事宜可能發(fā)生在任何有形財(cái)產(chǎn)(不包括在第18.2 款【工程和承包商機(jī)具的保險(xiǎn)】下保險(xiǎn)的事宜)或發(fā)生在任何人員(不包括在第18.4 款【承包商員工的保險(xiǎn)】下保險(xiǎn)的人員),可能出現(xiàn)在承包商履行合同之外以及發(fā)生在履約證書(shū)簽發(fā)之前?!逼涠皯?yīng)投保方應(yīng)為可能由承包商履行合同引起、并在履約證書(shū)頒發(fā)之前發(fā)生的,任何物質(zhì)財(cái)產(chǎn)(根據(jù)18.2 款【工程和承包商設(shè)備的保險(xiǎn)】規(guī)定被保險(xiǎn)的物品除外)的任何損失或損害,或任何人員(根據(jù)18.4 款【承包商人員的保險(xiǎn)】規(guī)定被保險(xiǎn)的人員除外)的任何死亡或傷害,辦理每方責(zé)任險(xiǎn)?!?/p>

        3.下面具體分析一下這段英文中的語(yǔ)言問(wèn)題。首先,要辦的保險(xiǎn)是責(zé)任險(xiǎn)。insure against each Party’s liability,insure的賓語(yǔ)是liability,要辦的保險(xiǎn)不是直接針對(duì)責(zé)任內(nèi)容的loss,damage, death or bodily injury。凡是翻譯成辦理?yè)p失、損害、死亡或身體傷害的保險(xiǎn),均屬錯(cuò)誤。其次,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)注意兩個(gè)which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,其性質(zhì)是不同的。which may occur to any physical property (except things insured Sub-Clause 18.2 [Insurance for Works and Contractor’s Equipment])or to any person (except persons insured under Sub-Clause 18.4 [Insurance for Contractor’s Personnel]),是限定性定語(yǔ)從句;which may arise out of the Contractor’s performance of the Contract and occurring before the issue of the Performance Certificate,則是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。凡是不做區(qū)分地翻譯成中文的前置定語(yǔ),則譯文顯得詰屈聱牙,或不做區(qū)分地翻譯成中文后置補(bǔ)充成分,則譯文文意顯得松散;兩者均不能體現(xiàn)英文原文限定性定語(yǔ)和非限定性定語(yǔ)的差異。其三,對(duì)括號(hào)內(nèi)內(nèi)容的處理。由于括號(hào)內(nèi)內(nèi)容較多,將括號(hào)前后本來(lái)聯(lián)系比較密切的內(nèi)容分開(kāi),意思中斷、松散,既不符合中文的書(shū)面表達(dá),又不符合中文的口語(yǔ)表達(dá)。試譯直接將括號(hào)內(nèi)內(nèi)容提到句首,又鑒于其內(nèi)容屬于“除外”內(nèi)容,在文法地位上也是次要的,恰與括號(hào)的補(bǔ)充(非主要)功能相一致,這樣試譯譯文緊湊得多。綜合這三點(diǎn),我們?nèi)サ舸我煞?,這段英文將變成—The insuring Party shall insure against each Party’s liability.此時(shí),看起來(lái)要明了得多。

        原文2:This insurance shall be for a limit per occurrence of not less than the amount stated in the Appendix to Tender, with no limit on the number of occurrences.If an amount is not stated in the Appendix to Tender, this Sub-Clause shall not apply.

        試譯:對(duì)每次發(fā)生的保險(xiǎn)事故,此保險(xiǎn)的保險(xiǎn)金額不得少于投標(biāo)函附錄中規(guī)定的數(shù)額,但對(duì)事故發(fā)生次數(shù)并無(wú)限制。如果在投標(biāo)函附錄中沒(méi)有注明此類(lèi)金額,則本款將不適用。

        點(diǎn)評(píng):1.這是對(duì)每次發(fā)生人身傷害或財(cái)產(chǎn)損害時(shí)的保險(xiǎn)金額最低限度的規(guī)定;但對(duì)發(fā)生人身傷害或財(cái)產(chǎn)損害的次數(shù)并無(wú)限制。

        2.occurrence,在此語(yǔ)境中,是“發(fā)生”保險(xiǎn)事故的意思,是動(dòng)詞occur(出現(xiàn),發(fā)生)的名詞形式。所謂保險(xiǎn)事故是指保險(xiǎn)合同約定的保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任范圍內(nèi)的事故。An insured event refers to an event falling within the scope of cover under the insurance contract.

        3.這里對(duì)insurance 后接不同介詞表示的意義做一總結(jié)。

        當(dāng)表示所要保險(xiǎn)的物件或人時(shí),后接介詞for 或on,如insurance on the 100 tons of steel,18.2 款的標(biāo)題Insurance for Works and Contractor’s Equipment,18.4 款的Insurance for Contractor’s Personnel;

        當(dāng)表示投保的險(xiǎn)別時(shí),后接介詞against,如insurance against all risk/against liability,本文討論的18.3 款的標(biāo)題18.3 Insurance against Injury to Persons and Damage to Property;

        當(dāng)表示保險(xiǎn)金額時(shí),后接介詞for,如insurance for 110%of the invoice value,這里是This insurance shall be for a limit …;

        當(dāng)表示保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率時(shí),后接介詞at,如insurance at the rate of 5%;

        當(dāng)表示向保險(xiǎn)人投保時(shí),后接介詞with,如insurance with the People’s Insurance Company of China。

        原文3:Unless otherwise stated in the Particular Conditions,the insurances specified in this Sub-Clause:

        (a) shall be effected and maintained by the Contractor as insuring Party,

        (b) shall be in the joint names of the Parties,

        (c) shall be extended to cover liability for all loss and damage to the Employer’s property (except things insured under Sub-Clause 18.2) arising out of the Contractor’s performance of the Contract, and

        (d) may however exclude liability to the extent that it arises from:

        (i) the Employer’s right to have the Permanent Works executed on, over, under, in or through any land, and to occupy this land for the Permanent Works,

        (ii) damage which is an unavoidable result of the Contractor’s obligations to execute the Works and remedy any defects, and

        (iii) a cause listed in Sub-Clause 17.3 (Employer’s Risks),except to the extent that cover is available at commercially reasonable.

        試譯:除非專用條款中另有規(guī)定,本款規(guī)定的保險(xiǎn):

        (1)應(yīng)當(dāng)由承包商作為投保人辦理并使之保持有效;

        (2)應(yīng)當(dāng)以合同雙方當(dāng)事人聯(lián)合的名義投保;

        (3)應(yīng)當(dāng)擴(kuò)展到由承包商履行合同而導(dǎo)致的業(yè)主財(cái)產(chǎn)所有損失和損害的責(zé)任(18.2 款下已保險(xiǎn)的物件除外);

        (4)但可以不包括以下事項(xiàng)引起的責(zé)任:①業(yè)主在任何土地上面、上方、下面、里面、或穿過(guò)其間實(shí)施永久工程以及為永久工程占有該土地的權(quán)利,②承包商履行實(shí)施工程及修補(bǔ)缺陷義務(wù)所無(wú)法避免的損害性結(jié)果,③第17.3 款【業(yè)主的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)】所列的原因(但可以以商業(yè)上合理的條件得到的保險(xiǎn)除外)。

        點(diǎn)評(píng):1.這里規(guī)定了保險(xiǎn)由誰(shuí)辦理、以誰(shuí)的名義辦理、保險(xiǎn)可擴(kuò)展的范圍以及保險(xiǎn)排除事項(xiàng)。

        2.這段英文中to the extent that 這個(gè)短語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)了兩次,其意義是:在何種意義上,在何種程度上,在什么限度內(nèi),從什么方面來(lái)說(shuō)。

        3.雖然從合同自由上來(lái)說(shuō),本款的規(guī)定可以由專用條款的相反約定而排除,譬如約定保險(xiǎn)范圍不擴(kuò)展到由承包商履行合同而導(dǎo)致的業(yè)主財(cái)產(chǎn)所有損失和損害的責(zé)任,但從實(shí)踐來(lái)看,不建議承包商試圖做這種相反約定,這種對(duì)保險(xiǎn)范圍的擴(kuò)展,有利于承包商利益的穩(wěn)定預(yù)期,但卻無(wú)需增加多少保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)。

        18.3 款討論完畢。FIDIC 1999 建造合同文本Conditions of Contract for Construction 保險(xiǎn)條款還有18.4 款“承包商員工保險(xiǎn)”的內(nèi)容,為展示保險(xiǎn)條款全貌,這里將英文照錄如下,讀者可以自行探索。

        18.4 Insurance for Contractor’s Personnel

        The Contractor shall effect and maintain insurance against liability for claims, damages, losses and expenses (including legal fees and expenses) arising from injury, sickness, disease or death of any person employed by the Contractor or any other of the Contractor’s Personnel.

        The Employer and the Engineer shall also be indemnified under the policy of insurance, except that this insurance may exclude losses and claims to the extent that they arise from any act or neglect of the Employer or of the Employer’s Personnel.

        The insurance shall be maintained in full force and effect during the whole time that these personnel are assisting in the execution of the Works.For a Subcontractor’s employees,the insurance may be effected by the Subcontractor, but the Contractor shall be responsible for compliance with this Clause.

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