柴海燕 任秋穎 王璐
摘要:選取武廣高鐵沿線7個(gè)中小城市作為研究對(duì)象,從經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平、交通區(qū)位條件、旅游資源稟賦、旅游接待能力4個(gè)方面建立了影響旅游經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平的指標(biāo)體系,構(gòu)建計(jì)量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)面板數(shù)據(jù),通過(guò)混合回歸模型研究發(fā)現(xiàn),旅游經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平與地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平、旅游資源豐富程度、旅游目的地接待能力呈正相關(guān),與鐵路客運(yùn)量呈負(fù)相關(guān),即“廊道效應(yīng)”并未使武廣高鐵沿線中小城市旅游發(fā)展從中受益。提出應(yīng)從提高中小城市旅游吸引力入手,與中心城市合作共贏,將高鐵帶來(lái)的可達(dá)性轉(zhuǎn)換為實(shí)際的旅游利潤(rùn)。
關(guān)鍵詞:武廣高鐵;旅游經(jīng)濟(jì);廊道效應(yīng);策略
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):F59 ? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
文章編號(hào):0439-8114(2019)18-0158-05
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.039 ? ? ? ? ? 開(kāi)放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識(shí)碼(OSID):
The dilemma and strategic choice of tourism development in small and medium-sized cities under the speed of high speed rail
CHAI Hai-yan,REN Qiu-ying,WANG Lu
(School of Economics and Management,China University of Geosciences (Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China)
Abstract: The small and medium-sized cities along the Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway were selected as research objects. From the four aspects of economic development level, transportation location conditions, tourism resource endowment and tourism reception capacity, an index system was established to influence the development level of tourism economy, and econometric panel data was constructed. The study found that the level of tourism economic development is positively correlated with the level of regional economic development, the richness of tourism resources, and the reception capacity of tourist destinations, and is negatively correlated with the passenger volume of railways, that is, the “corridor effect” makes the tourism development of small and medium-sized cities along the Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway did not benefit from it. It is suggested that we should start from improving the tourism attractiveness of small and medium-sized cities, and cooperate with the central cities to achieve win-win results, and convert the accessibility brought by high-speed rail into actual tourism profits.
Key words: Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway; tourism economy; corridor; tactics
交通是旅游的生命線,直接影響旅游者的出游距離和目的地的選擇,最終影響旅游業(yè)發(fā)展程度。近年來(lái),高鐵的出現(xiàn)給旅游業(yè)帶來(lái)了巨大的變化。高鐵旅游產(chǎn)生的“時(shí)空壓縮”效應(yīng)縮短了游客的旅行時(shí)間,使旅游者能夠在較短的時(shí)間到達(dá)旅游目的地,同時(shí)擴(kuò)大了游客出游半徑,提高了旅游目的地之間的可達(dá)性,真正實(shí)現(xiàn)“快旅慢游”[1]??蛇_(dá)性是目的地旅游經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的必要前提。近年來(lái)高速鐵路的建設(shè)和開(kāi)通助推中國(guó)旅游經(jīng)濟(jì)提速至2.0時(shí)代。但高速鐵路的發(fā)展對(duì)沿線中小城市的旅游發(fā)展是“廊道效應(yīng)”還是“聚集效應(yīng)”還值得探討。
高鐵的開(kāi)通也使沿線城市的旅游業(yè)獲益。來(lái)自意大利、英國(guó)、西班牙、日本及中國(guó)學(xué)者的研究都表明,隨著城市可達(dá)性的提高,沿線城市的商務(wù)、休閑旅游獲得大發(fā)展,旅游收入隨之提高,就業(yè)崗位增多[2-6],高鐵沿線旅游經(jīng)濟(jì)帶和環(huán)中心城市旅游經(jīng)濟(jì)圈呼之欲出。但國(guó)外相關(guān)研究也表明,高鐵的開(kāi)通在促進(jìn)核心城市旅游集聚效應(yīng)的同時(shí),也進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大了中小城市的“廊道效應(yīng)”。中國(guó)高鐵的運(yùn)行極大提升了沿線中小城市的可達(dá)性,按常理推測(cè),這些城市的游客量和旅游總收入會(huì)隨之水漲船高。但從數(shù)據(jù)上來(lái)看,這些城市的旅游人次及總收入并未獲得快速提升。中國(guó)高鐵運(yùn)行對(duì)沿線中小城市旅游的帶動(dòng)作用是否因旅游吸引力不足而客觀上促成了“廊道效應(yīng)”的加劇,高鐵開(kāi)通對(duì)沿線中小城市旅游發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)率如果確實(shí)存在“廊道效應(yīng)”加劇的現(xiàn)象,中小城市旅游管理者該如何應(yīng)對(duì)等問(wèn)題都值得探討。因此,以武廣高鐵為例,選取沿線7個(gè)地級(jí)市為研究對(duì)象,基于面板數(shù)據(jù)剖析該現(xiàn)象,以期為高鐵對(duì)中小城市旅游發(fā)展的影響提供實(shí)證借鑒。
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