陳柏超 周興隆 羅垚 朱遠哲
Abstract:Aiming at the problem of large volume and large floor space of traditional multi-tuned passive filters, a design method of compact multi-tuned filter considering the coupling between coils was proposed. Starting from the function of complex impedance, the circuit form of the traditional multi-tuned passive filter was obtained, and the circuit with the coupling relationship between the inductors equivalent to the former was established. Through the decoupling of the coupled inductor and the equivalent relationship with the traditional filter circuit, the nonlinear equations of the coil geometric parameters were established, and the design result of the compact three-tuned filter with coils coaxially placed was obtained. The simulation of the designed compact filter was carried out and the experimental prototype was fabricated. The simulation and experimental results show that this compact multi-tuned filter reduces the area occupation of the coils and also has good filtering performance.
Keywords:harmonic analysis; passive filters; Cauer filters; coupled circuits; inductance; nonlinear equations
0 引 言
近年來,由于電力電子裝置等非線性設備大量接入電力系統,電力諧波問題越來越突出,諧波治理成為了一個重要話題。在眾多的諧波治理手段中,安裝電力濾波器是目前效果最顯著、應用最廣泛的方案[1-6]。雖然有源濾波器具有良好的諧波抑制和動態(tài)補償效果,但其價格昂貴、安裝容量受開關容量的限制,不適合在高電壓、大容量的場合使用,因此在很多場合中仍然需要使用到傳統的無源濾波器進行諧波治理[7-9]。而在目前較為流行的混合型濾波裝置中,無源濾波部分也是十分重要的一個環(huán)節(jié)[10-12],因此無源濾波器的設計仍然是電力濾波器研究中的重要部分。
LC濾波器是電力系統中最常用的無源濾波器,其結構簡單、價格低廉、效果良好。傳統的LC濾波器通常由調諧多個頻率的LC支路構成,電路拓撲中含有多個電感線圈。在設計傳統的多調諧濾波器時,通常不會將線圈間的互感考慮進去,并且在實際工程布置的過程中,采取了將線圈分開布置的方式(如品字形布置),以消除線圈間互感,保證濾波器的濾波效果[13-15]。本文提出了一種互感耦合式多調諧濾波器設計思路,在設計過程中考慮了電感線圈間的耦合,恰當地安排線圈間的互感關系,使得整組線圈可集中布置,在保持優(yōu)良的濾波性能的同時,很大程度地減小了濾波器占地面積,粗略估計,對于一組n調諧濾波器,其電感線圈的占地面積僅需傳統方案的1/n。
本文首先以三調諧濾波器為例,介紹了互感耦合式多調諧濾波器的基本設計思路,并給出了一組按照此方法設計的三調諧濾波器參數。根據該參數,本文在Matlab/SIMULINK軟件中搭建了相應的仿真模型,驗證了設計參數的合理性,并給出了理想諧波源條件下,濾波器的在線濾波仿真結果,初步驗證了設計思路的可行性。最后,本文對一臺依據此思路制造的三調諧濾波器樣機進行了在線濾波仿真實驗,進一步證明了該設計思路的可行性和有效性。
1 互感耦合式濾波器設計思路
4 結 論
本文主要以一臺具體的三調諧濾波器的設計過程為例介紹了互感耦合式電力濾波器的設計思路,可以看出,所設計的濾波器線圈由一組結構緊湊的同軸圓盤線圈組成,大大減小了線圈的占地面積。Matlab仿真結果表明,本文所設計的三調諧耦合電力濾波器在減小了線圈體積的同時,仍對3、5、7次諧波有良好的濾波效果,基本達到設計要求。而在線濾波器樣機試驗進一步證明了該設計思路的可行性和有效性。
值得指出的是,本文提出的設計方法可將互感耦合濾波器的電感部分和電容部分互相獨立地進行處理,這樣才能使此種高度耦合的復雜系統的實現成為可能。若在求解非線性方程組時將電容也作為未知參數一并考慮,則對應方程組的復雜程度將極大增加,這將導致方程組的求解幾乎不可能實現,從而由本設計思路也就不可能實際地設計出一臺互感耦合濾波器了。
互感耦合式多調諧濾波器相較傳統的無源濾波器體積大大減小,可在占地面積較小的情況下,達到良好的濾波效果,應用范圍將更加廣泛。配合有源裝置對該濾波器的動態(tài)性能進行改善后,理論上可針對任意不同應用場合設計并制造出緊湊型混合濾波裝置,實現設備的小型化。
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(編輯:劉琳琳)