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        語法填空中詞類轉(zhuǎn)換的命題規(guī)律

        2019-09-19 02:59:21吳輝兵
        廣東教育·高中 2019年8期

        吳輝兵

        構(gòu)詞法是考試大綱列出的考查項(xiàng)目,也是幫助我們擴(kuò)大詞匯量的法寶。但在平時(shí)的復(fù)習(xí)中,往往沒有得到很多學(xué)生的重視。部分教師即便開展了構(gòu)詞法復(fù)習(xí),也僅限于簡單提一下派生、轉(zhuǎn)化、合成,羅列一堆前后綴,缺乏針對(duì)性,效率低下。

        如何高效復(fù)習(xí)?高考題是由專家組精心打磨的試題,具有較高的信度和效度,更具有高三復(fù)習(xí)指揮棒的引領(lǐng)作用。我們要研究高考題,避免題海戰(zhàn)術(shù),才能提高復(fù)習(xí)的針對(duì)性,提高我們復(fù)習(xí)的效率。本文以2015~2019年五年高考英語全國卷的語法填空試題為例,說明我們應(yīng)該如何更好地開展高三詞類轉(zhuǎn)換復(fù)習(xí)。

        真題回顧

        我們先做一做2015~2019五年的高考真題:

        全國Ⅰ卷

        1.(2015年)It __________(regular)arranges quick getaways here ...

        2.(2016年)But for tourists like me, pandas are its top _________(attract).

        3.(2016年)The title will be__________(official)given to me at a ceremony in London.

        4.(2017年)However, be__________(care)not to go to extremes.

        5.(2018年)Running is cheap, easy and its always______ (energy).

        6.(2018年)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to__________(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.

        7.(2019年)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ______(poor)studied.

        8.(2019年)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a__________(believe)that populations are increasing.

        Keys: 1. regularly 2. attraction 3. officially 4. careful 5. energetic 6. strengthen 7. poorly 8. belief

        全國Ⅱ卷

        1.(2015年)What makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their __________(able) to “air condition” a house ...

        2.(2015年)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat __________(slow)during cool nights.

        3.(2015年)As__________(nature)architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out ... .

        4.(2016年)...youll feel a real sense of_______(achieve)

        5.(2016年)...if we take short breaks________(regular).

        6.(2017年) ...and it must have been_________(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.

        7.(2017年)This development was only possible with the __________(introduce)of electric-powered engines and lifts.

        8.(2017年)The central London Railway was one of the most__________(success)of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.

        9.(2018年)A taste for meat is__________(actual)behind the change: ...

        10.(2018年)This switch has decreased__________(pollute)in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.

        11.(2018年)According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total __________(globe)fertilizer consumption.

        12.(2019年)Her years of hard work have__________(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.

        13.(2019年)We are so proud of her. Its______(wonder).

        Keys: 1. ability 2. slowly 3. natural 4. achievement? 5. regularly 6. fairly 7. introduction 8. successful 9. actually 10. pollution 11. global 12. finally 13. wonderful

        全國Ⅲ卷

        1.(2016年)Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which__________(gradual) turned into chopsticks.

        2.(2016年)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius ... influenced the_______________(develop)of chopsticks.

        3.(2017年)She is determined to carry on with her______(educate).

        4.(2017年)It is_________(certain)fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.

        5.(2018年) Im a__________(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.

        6.(2019年)When they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting__________ (compete) to watch,together with the story behind it.

        7.(2019年)They also shared with us many___________(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were_________(huge)popular with tourists.

        Keys: 1. gradually 2. development 3. education 4. certainly 5. scientist 6. competition 7. traditional; hugely

        尋找規(guī)律

        全國卷無論哪一套,每年都考查詞類轉(zhuǎn)換,具體情況見下表:

        從上表可以看出,

        1. 全國Ⅰ卷,每年1~2道;全國Ⅱ卷,每年2~3道;全國Ⅲ卷,每年1~3道。

        2. 重點(diǎn)考查形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換副詞、動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換名詞、名詞轉(zhuǎn)換形容詞。形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換名詞、名詞轉(zhuǎn)換動(dòng)詞和名詞轉(zhuǎn)換表“人”名詞各考查過一次。

        復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)

        針對(duì)以上分析和得出的規(guī)律,我們就可以有的放矢,高效復(fù)習(xí)。

        近五年都考查基本的、常見的單詞和后綴,沒有涉及前綴和較復(fù)雜的詞形變化,更沒有涉及二次轉(zhuǎn)換和肯否轉(zhuǎn)換。所以我們?cè)谶x題上,應(yīng)該遵循高考規(guī)律,不選偏題怪題。

        對(duì)于動(dòng)詞、形容詞和名詞的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換復(fù)習(xí),我們要依據(jù)頻率,結(jié)合規(guī)律,側(cè)重復(fù)習(xí)。

        結(jié)語

        在高三復(fù)習(xí)中,我們要花大力氣研究高考,分析真題,結(jié)合實(shí)踐,探尋規(guī)律,進(jìn)而優(yōu)化復(fù)習(xí),提高效率。本文雖然僅從語法填空試題中的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換考查點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析,但是希望能拋磚引玉,給大家提供一些思路和可借鑒的做法。

        責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青

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