八寶

北京時間2019年4月10日晚，人類歷史上首張黑洞照片“沖洗”完成。這張酷似發(fā)光甜甜圈的照片，瞬間風靡全球，成為最受關注的全球熱點，我們也因此成為黑洞預言流傳百年來，第一批親眼“看見”黑洞的人類。發(fā)布的黑洞照片充分證明了霍金曾經的猜測：黑洞不是黑的。這位傳奇物理學家曾斷言，只要能理解黑洞以及它們如何挑戰(zhàn)時空的本性，我們就會更接近揭開宇宙的奧秘。在得以窺見黑洞“盛世側顏”的今天，讓我們一起重讀霍金，走進霍金。

Stephen Hawking was born on January 8，1942 in Oxford，exactly 300 years to the day of Galileo Galilei's death.

Hawking grew up outside London in an intellectual family. His father was aphysician and specialist in tropical diseases; his mother was active in the Liberal Party. He was an awkward schoolboy，but knew from early on that he wanted to study science. In 1959 he won a 1）scholarship to OxfordUniversity，where his 2）intellectual capabilities became more noticeable. In 1962 he went to Cambridge University to pursue a PhD in cosmology. There he became3）intrigued with black holes and“space time singularities".

Shortly after his 21st birthday he was diagnosed withmotor neuron disease，or the“ice bucket disease" in 1963 when he was declared to beable to live for just two years. But Hawkingwent on living. The disease 4）paralyzed him so heavily that he had to live in a wheelchair and speak with a voice 5）synthesizer.

He talked about his disability，“If you are disabled，it is probably not your fault，but itis no good blaming the world or expecting it to take pity on you. One has to have apositive attitude and must make the best of the situation that one finds oneself in;if one is physically disabled，one cannot afford to be 6）psychologically disabled as well. In my opinion，one should 7）concentrate on activities in which one's physical disability will not present a serious 8）handicap. I am afraid that Olympic Games for the disabled do not appeal to me，but it is easy for me to say that because I never liked athletics anyway. On the other hand，science is a very good area for disabled people because it goes on mainly in the mind. Of course，most kinds of experimental work are probably ruled out for most such people，but theoretical work is almost ideal. My disabilities have not been a significant handicap in my field，which is theoretical physics. Indeed，they have helped me in a way by 9）shielding me from lecturing and administrative work that I would otherwise have been involved in. I have managed，however，only because of the large amount of help I have received from my wife，children，colleagues and students. I find that people in general arevery ready to help，but you should encourage them to feel that their efforts to aid you are worthwhile by doing as well as you possiblycan."

He carried on researching theoretical physics and cosmology，reaching loads of breakthroughs on black holes.

The light-absorbing existence was found to emit a kind of radiation，named afterHawking's name.

Hawking was also a great science educator with a sense of humor. His bookA Brief History of Time sold more than 10million copies. It explained many physics theories in an easy-to-understand manner，leading the general public to the world of physics.

His cautious vision of artificial intelligence became a news topic. His PhD thesis，which was made public in October 2017，crashed the University of Cambridge’swebsite as too many people rushed to download it.

Apart from his 10）tremendous contribution to science，he also appeared in a 11）considerable number of films and sitcoms as a humorous man-both as himself or portrayed by others. For example，Hawking appeared several times in The BigBang Theory.

He died on 14 March 2018 at the age of 76.

Liu Cixin，author of The Three Body Problem，expressed his grief over the death of Hawking. "There are people who can only flicker their eyelids，but their thoughts may travel far into space. There are those whose bodies are robust and strong，but their minds are weak and they are destined to live their entire lives dependent on others.”

Science is not part of a separate world; it is available for anyone to participate，and Hawking's life should be an inspiration not to turn away from its challenges. With his many 12）accomplishments，he certainly laid down the gauntlet.

1）scholarship ['skolaf[p] n.獎學金

2）intellectual [Inte'lektfuel] adj.智力的

3）intrigued [n'tri：gd] adj. 好奇的

4）paralyze ['paerelalz] vt.使麻痹，使癱瘓

5）synthesizer ['sln0asalza]n.合成器

6）psychologically [，salke'lbdzlkl] adv.心理上地

7）concentrate [‘konsntrelt]vi.集中，全神貫注

8）handicap ['haendikaep] n.障礙

9）shield [fi：ld] V.保護

10）tremendous [tre'mendes] adj.極大的，巨大的

11）considerable [ken'sldarabl] adj.相當大的

12）accomplishment [e'kamplJment] n.成就

詞組加油站

be diagnosed with被診斷出

take pity on sb.同情某人

make the best of充分利用

參考翻譯：

斯蒂芬。霍金1942年1月8日生于牛津，這一天正好是伽利略逝世300周年紀念日?；艚鸪錾趥惗亟紖^(qū)的一個知識分子家庭，他的父親是一名擅長醫(yī)治熱帶病的內科醫(yī)生，母親是一名活躍的英國自由黨成員。上學時霍金就表現得有些怪異，和其他孩子不同。但很早人們就知道他有志于科學研究。1959 年霍金獲得了牛津大學的獎學金，在那里他的研究能力得到了很大提高。1962 年霍金前往劍橋大學攻讀宇宙學博士學位。在劍橋大學，他對黑洞理論和時空奇點理論產生了興趣。

1963年，在他21歲生日后不久，他被診斷患有運動神經元疾病，或稱“冰桶病”，當時他被宣布只能活兩年。但霍金繼續(xù)活著。疾病使他癱瘓得很厲害，他不得不坐輪椅，用聲音合成器講話。

關于自己的殘疾，霍金是這樣說的：“如果你患有殘疾，這也許不是你的錯，但抱怨社會，或指望他人的憐憫，毫無益處。一個人要有積極的態(tài)度，要最大限度地利用現狀找到自我;生理上有殘疾的人，可不能再讓自己在心理上也殘疾了。在我看來，一個人應該專注于不受身體殘疾嚴重影響的活動?？峙職垔W會對我沒有吸引力，我可以很輕松這么說，因為我從來就不喜歡體育運動。另一方面，科學對殘疾人來說是一個非常好的領域，因為它主要是在頭腦中進行的。當然，大多數的實驗工作可能對于這類人來說是不可能的，但是理論工作幾乎是理想的。我的殘疾并沒有在我的領域里產生重大的障礙，那就是理論物理。事實上，它們在某種程度上幫助了我，使我不受上課和行政工作的影響，否則我可能會深陷其中。不過，我已經設法從我的妻子、孩子、同事和學生那里得到了大量的幫助。我發(fā)現一般人都樂于助人，但你應該盡自己所能做好事情，讓他們覺得幫助你是值得的。

他繼續(xù)研究理論物理學和宇宙學，并在黑洞上取得突破性進展。

他提出一種吸收光線的存在會發(fā)出一種輻射，這種輻射以霍金命名，稱作霍金輻射?；艚鹨彩且晃缓苡杏哪械目茖W教育家。他的《時間簡史》一書累計賣出了1000多萬冊。它以一種易于理解的方式解釋了許多物理理論，引導公眾進入物理學的世界。

他對人工智能的謹慎看法成為一個新聞話題。他的博士論文于2017年10月公之于眾，由于太多人急于下載，劍橋大學的網站崩潰了。

他除了對科學的巨大貢獻外，還作為一個幽默的人出現在大量的電影和情景喜劇中一無論是作為他自已還是由他人描繪。比如，霍金曾在《生活大爆炸》中出演過幾次?；艚鹩?018年3月14日去世，享年76歲。

《三體》的作者劉慈欣對霍金的死表達了哀悼：“世界 上曾經有這么一個人，就眼皮能動，思想卻在遨游太空。而很多人身強力壯，但是思想卻一輩子都癱在輪椅上。”

科學并不是某個獨立世界的一部分，科學是任何人都可以參與的事業(yè)，而霍金的一生能夠激勵我們面對困難時不膽怯，不退縮。憑著他的諸多成就，霍金無疑又向我們發(fā)出了繼續(xù)探索宇宙的挑戰(zhàn)。