胡金瑩

Air pollution is a killer. The World Health Organization says it kills about seven million people around the world each year. Even if polluted air does not kill us， it can make us very sick. However， breathing dirty air may do more than hurt your body. It can also affect your brain and your ability to think.

A new study shows that air pollution can cause a “huge” reduction in our intelligence. Long?term exposure to air pollution can affect a persons mental abilities in two areas： language and mathematics.

The researchers studied about 25，000 people from across China. These Chinese men， women and children were given language and math tests. Then researchers compared the test results with measurements of pollution in the air. They found that breathing polluted air can reduce a persons education level by about one year. The effect generally is worse for those over 64 years of age， for men and for those with little or no education. Besides， the effect of pollution on verbal （言語的） ability is even more serious as people age， especially among men and the less educated.

There are two main kinds of tissue（組織） in the brain： white matter and gray matter. White matter is more connected with a persons language skills， while gray matter is connected to our ability to solve math problems. Air pollution has a great effect on the white matter in the brain， but not the gray matter.

The study was carried out in a single country. But the findings may be important to people all over the world， especially those living in highly polluted areas. People who work outdoors fall into a high?risk group. However， that does not mean those who work inside buildings are safe from air pollution. The smallest pieces of air pollution， called PM2.5， can go directly into peoples brain. So， no matter whether you stay outdoors or indoors， everyone is affected. Therefore， the government policymakers need to engage in cleaning up the sky in the long term instead of investing in short?term avoidance， such as the face masks or air filters （過濾器）.

Air pollution is a killer. It can not only hurt our 1. ， but also reduce our 2. . According to a study in 3. ， air pollution has a serious effect on our 4. skills， espe?cially for 5. who are more than 64 and for those with little or no 6. . For those who work 7. ， air pollution is more serious. However， those who work indoors can also be

8. . Therefore， it is high time that our 9. should take measures to 10. up the sky.

Ⅰ.Important vocabulary in the text

1.exposure n. 暴露

2.generally adv. 通常;普遍地;一般地

3.be connected with 與……有關(guān)

4.have a great effect on 對(duì)……有很大的影響

5.carry out 執(zhí)行;完成

6.fall into 陷入

7.engage in 從事;參加

8.in the long term 從長遠(yuǎn)來看

Ⅱ.Sentence for writing

while 意為“然而”，表示對(duì)比。

大腦白質(zhì)與一個(gè)人的語言技能聯(lián)系更緊密，然而，大腦灰質(zhì)與我們解決數(shù)學(xué)問題的能力相關(guān)。

White matter is more connected with a persons language skills， _________ gray matter is connected to our ability to solve math problems.

【仿寫】眾所周知，在冬天，南方的天氣溫暖，然而北方的天氣非常寒冷。